Pteridaceae
Pteridaceae Temporal range:
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Pityrogramma austroamericana | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Division: | Polypodiophyta |
Class: | Polypodiopsida |
Order: | Polypodiales |
Suborder: | Pteridineae J.Prado & Schuettp. |
Family: | Pteridaceae E.D.M.Kirchn.[1] |
Subfamilies | |
Synonyms | |
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Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales,[2] including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera[3] (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies.[4] The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level.
Description
Members of Pteridaceae have creeping or erect
Taxonomy
Traditional groups
As traditionally defined, the groups within Pteridaceae are as follows:
- Adiantoid ferns (tribe Adianteae Gaudich. 1829[5]); epipetric, terrestrial or epiphytic in moist habitats, rachis often dichotomously branching; sori relatively small and discrete with sporangia born on the false indusium rather than the leaf blade proper; only one genus:
- Cheilanthoid ferns; primarily epipetric in semiarid habitats; leaves mostly with well-developed scales or trichomes, often bipinnate or otherwise highly compound; sporangia mostly born in marginal sori with false indusia that are +/- continuous around the leaf margins; several genera, including:
- Argyrochosma (J.Sm.) Windham – false cloak ferns
- Aspidotis (Nutt. ex Hook.) Copel. – lace ferns
- Astrolepis D.M.Benham & Windham – cloak ferns
- Cheilanthes Sw. – lip ferns
- Myriopteris Fée – lace lip ferns
- Notholaena R.Br. – cloak ferns
- Pellaea Link – cliff brakes[6][7]
- Pteridoid ferns (tribe Pterideae J. Sm 1841pinnatebut sometimes more compound; sporangia born in marginal sori with false indusia that are +/- continuous around the leaf margins; several genera, including:
- Pteris L. – brakes
- Acrostichum L. – leather ferns
- Ceratopteris Brongn.[6][7]
- Anogramma Link
- Cryptogramma R.Br. – rock brakes
- EriosorusFée
- Hemionitis L.
- Jamesonia Hook. & Grev.
- Pityrogramma Link – gold ferns[6][7]
- AnetiumSplitg. 1840
- Antrophyum Kaulf. 1875
- Hecistopteris (L.) Sm. 1842
- Monogramma Comm. ex Schkuhr 1809
- Vittaria (L.) Sm. 1793 – Shoestring fern
Subfamilies
Based on phylogenetic research, Christenhusz et al. (2011) divided the Pteridaceae genera into five subfamilies.[11] These roughly correspond with the groups listed above, with the main difference being that adiantoid and vittarioid ferns are combined under the Vittarioideae subfamily name. The approach was followed by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).[2]
- Cryptogrammoideae S.Linds.
- Genera: Coniogramme, Cryptogramma, Llavea
- Parkerioideae (J.Sm.) R.M.Tryon
- Genera: Acrostichum, Ceratopteris
- Pteridoideae C.Chr. ex Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel
- Genera: Onychium, Pityrogramma, Pteris (incl. Neurocallis & Platyzoma), Pterozonium, Syngramma, Taenitis, Tryonia
- Cheilanthoideae W.C.Shieh
- Genera:
- Vittarioideae (C.Presl) Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel
- Genera: Adiantum, Ananthacorus, Antrophyopsis, Antrophyum, Haplopteris, Hecistopteris, Polytaenium, Radiovittaria, Rheopteris, Scoliosorus, Vaginularia, Vittaria
Phylogenic relationships
Smith et al. (2006) carried out the first higher-level
In 2016, the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group divided
Polypodiales |
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The oldest fossil of the family is Heinrichsia from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) aged Burmese amber of Myanmar, which cannot be assigned to modern grouping of the family. Molecular clock evidence suggests a diversification of the family during the Late Cretaceous.[13]
Phylogeny of Pteridaceae.
Schuettpelz & Pryer 2008[14][15] | Nitta et al. 2022[16]> and Fern Tree of life[17] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Distribution and habitat
Mostly terrestrial or
References
- ^ a b "Family: Pteridaceae E. D. M. Kirchn". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2001-08-14. Archived from the original on 2012-05-27. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ a b c Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016.
- .
- PMID 24532607.
- ^ Adianteae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
- ^ a b c d e "Pteridaceae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ a b c d e "GRIN Genera of Pteridaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ Pterideae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
- ^ Parkerieae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
- ^ Vittarieae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
- ISSN 1179-3163.
- ^ Smith et al. 2006.
- ISSN 1674-4918.
- ^ Schuettpelz & Pryer (2008) "Fern phylogeny" in Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes[permanent dead link], ed. Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler. Cambridge University Press 2008
- ^ Schuettpelz et al. (2007) Archived 2008-08-20 at the Wayback Machine Eric Schuettpelz, Harald Schneider, Layne Huiet, Michael D. Windham, Kathleen M. Pryer: "A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae: Assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 (2007) 1172–1185
- PMID 36092417.
- ^ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.5.0 [GenBank release 256]. 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Bibliography
- .
- .
- PMID 24532607.
- .
- Lehtonen, Samuli (2011). "Towards Resolving the Complete Fern Tree of Life". PMID 22022365.
- Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schneider, Harald; Smith, Alan R.; Cranfill, Raymond; Wolf, Paul G.; Hunt, Jeffrey S.; Sipes, Sedonia D. (2001). "Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants". S2CID 4367248.
- Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (November 2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. S2CID 39980610.
- Ranker, Tom A.; Haufler, Christopher H., eds. (2008). Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes. ISBN 978-0-521-87411-3.
- Schneider, Harald; Schuettpelz, Eric; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Cranfill, Raymond; Magallón, Susana; Lupia, Richard (1 April 2004). "Ferns diversified in the shadow of angiosperms". PMID 15058303.
- Schneider, Harald; Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M. (1 July 2009). "Is Morphology Really at Odds with Molecules in Estimating Fern Phylogeny?". S2CID 85855934.
- Smith, Alan R.; Kathleen M. Pryer; Eric Schuettpelz; Petra Korall; Harald Schneider; Paul G. Wolf (2006). "A classification for extant ferns" (PDF). JSTOR 25065646.
- Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Korall, Petra; Schneider, Harald; Wolf, Paul G. Fern classification (PDF). pp. 417–467., in Ranker & Haufler (2008)
- Eric Schuettpelz. The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns. PhD Thesis Duke University 2007
- Michael Hassler and Brian Swale. Checklist of Ferns and Fern Allies 2001
- Australian National Botanic Gardens. A classification of the ferns and their allies
External links
Data related to Pteridaceae at Wikispecies