Puławy
Puławy | ||
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Car plates LPU | | |
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Website | https://www.pulawy.eu/ |
Puławy (pronounced
Puławy was first mentioned in documents of the 15th century. At that time it was spelled Pollavy, its name probably coming from a Vistula River ford located nearby. The town is a local center of science, industry and tourism, together with nearby Nałęczów and Kazimierz Dolny. Puławy is home to Poland's first permanent museum and is a Vistula River port.
The town has two bridges and four rail stations, and serves as a road junction. Nearby Dęblin has a military airport.
Location and transport
Puławy lies in the western part of
History
The history of Puławy dates back to the 15th century when a settlement near a Vistula river ford was established. In the late 17th century it emerged as the location of a rural residence of the
In 1731,
The end of Puławy's Golden Age was marked by the November Uprising (1830–31), when after its suppression, the estate was taken over by the Russian government. The museum collections that were saved later became the nucleus of the present Czartoryski Museum in Kraków. In the 1830s, the Czartoryski family was forced to leave Russian-controlled Congress Poland (see Great Emigration), and Puławy was reduced into a small, provincial village. In 1842, to further erase traces of Polish culture, the Russians renamed Puławy to Nowa Aleksandria. In 1869, an Agricultural and Forestry Institute was founded here. One of its first students was the future Polish writer Bolesław Prus (who had also spent part of his early childhood in Puławy). Prus would set his 1884 micro-story, "Mold of the Earth," at the Temple of the Sibyl.
20th century
Puławy received its town charter in 1906. In 1915, it was seized by the
In the
In September 1939, during the joint German-Soviet
A year later, on April 24, 1945, a local unit of the anti-Communist organization
The postwar history of Puławy has been dominated by the 1960 decision of the government of
Points of interest
The most notable landmark in Puławy is the
Near the Temple of the Sibyl is the "Gothic House", built between 1800 and 1809 to commemorate Prince Józef Poniatowski’s visit to Puławy; it now houses the Regional Museum. Other palace buildings house the Soil and Fertilizer Institute.
Additional interesting buildings within the park include:
- Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1800–03) by Chrystian Piotr Aigner, styled after the Pantheon, Rome, originally - Czartoryskis' Chapel. It is actually located outside the park.
- Marynka"s Palace (1790–94), built for Maria Wirtemberska,
- Roman Gate, built in 1829 as a permanent ruin, styled after the Arch of Titus,
- Greek House (1778-1791), currently a public library,
- Yellow House, in which Tsar Alexander II of Russia stayed,
- Chinese Arbor,
- marble sarcophagus, brought from Rome in 1799 by Adam Jerzy Czartoryski,
- a 1790 sculpture of Clorinda and Tancred (see Jerusalem Delivered).
The town of Puławy itself features some interesting buildings, including a former town hall, former Orthodox church, and historic inn.
Science
Since the mid-19th century, Puławy has been a center of higher education. Institutions operating here are:
- a local branch of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin,
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, opened in 1950, and based on an earlier school from 1917,[4]
- National Veterinary Research Institute, opened in 1945,[5]
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology,
- Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, Division of Apiculture,
- Fertilizer Research Institute, moved in 1968 from Tarnów,
- Development Department at the Institute of Fundamental Technological of the Polish Academy of Sciences, since 1993 called Echo-Son SA.
Since 2008, local institutes, together with Town Council and the
Sports
Puławy has several sports clubs, with the most famous ones being
Gallery
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Church of the Assumption
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Gothic House
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County offices
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Roman Gate
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Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski Lyceum (secondary school)
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Sculpture of Tancred and Clorinda
Notable people
- Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski (1734–1823), aristocrat, writer, literary and theater critic, linguist, traveller and statesman
- Princess Izabela Czartoryska (1746–1835), noblewoman, writer, and art collector, widely regarded as a very prominent figure of the Polish Enlightenment, the founder of Poland's first museum, the Czartoryski Museum, now situated in Kraków
- Adam Jerzy Czartoryski (1770–1861), nobleman, statesman and author
- Maria Wirtemberska (1768–1854), noble, writer, and philanthropist
- Princess Izabela Czartoryska
- Jan Feliks Piwarski (1794–1859), painter, curator, writer and graphic artist
- Bolesław Prus (1847–1912), novelist, a leading figure in the history of Polish literature
- Józef Wierusz-Kowalski (1866–1927), physicist and diplomat
- Julia Kratowska (1870–1946), activist, educator and politician
- Samuel Tyszelman (1921–1941), member of the French Resistance during World War II
- Irena Stankiewicz (born 1925), graphic artist
- Sobibór extermination camp
- Beata Szymańska (born 1938), poet and writer
- Marian Opania (born 1943), film actor and singer
- Bohdan Zadura (born 1945), poet, translator and literary critic
- Tomasz Adamski (bron 1963), singer and guitarist, member of the acclaimed 1980s post-punk band Siekiera
- Bartosz Opania (born 1970), film, television and theatre actor
- Blanka Lipińska (born 1985), cosmetologist and author
- Konrad Czerniak (born 1989), swimmer
- Kinga Achruk (born 1989), handball player
- Malwina Kopron (born 1994), hammer thrower
Twin towns — sister cities
Puławy is
- Boyarka, Ukraine
- Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Dubliany, Ukraine
- Nyasvizh, Belarus
- Stendal, Germany
Former twin towns, both having ended their relation due to implementation of an
- Douai, France[6]
- Nieuwegein, Netherlands[7][8]
See also
Bibliography
- Encyklopedia Polski
References
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion [It was 1939. An operation by the German security police in Poland. Intelligence action] (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 264–265.
- ^ a b "Krystyna Krahelska". 1944.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 19 September 2020.
- ^ "Remember Jewish Pulawy". 2018-07-21.
- ^ IUNG-PIB, Historia Ośrodka Nauk Rolniczych w Puławach (2017), retrieved July 16, 2020 (Polish).
- ^ PIWet PIB, O Instytucie: Historia (2017), retrieved July 16, 2020 (Polish).
- ^ Maria Frankowska, Douai zawiesza współpracę z Puławami za strefę anty LGBT. Mer: „Przemoc zaczyna się od słów”[permanent dead link] (March 2, 2020), retrieved July 16, 2020 (Polish).
- ^ de Wit, Annemarie (July 14, 2020). "Nieuwegein schrapt Pulawy van welkomstbord: vriendschap verbroken na homovrije zone" [Nieuwegein removes Pulawy from welcome board: friendship broken after gay-free zone (Dutch).]. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
- ^ "Dutch city ends ties with Polish twin declared 'gay-free zone'". July 16, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2020.