Puławy

Coordinates: 51°25′N 21°58′E / 51.417°N 21.967°E / 51.417; 21.967
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Puławy
Czartoryski Palace
Car plates
LPU
Highways
Websitehttps://www.pulawy.eu/

Puławy (pronounced

Kurówka Rivers. Puławy is the capital of Puławy County. The city's 2019 population was estimated at 47,417. Its coat of arms is based on Pogonia
.

Puławy was first mentioned in documents of the 15th century. At that time it was spelled Pollavy, its name probably coming from a Vistula River ford located nearby. The town is a local center of science, industry and tourism, together with nearby Nałęczów and Kazimierz Dolny. Puławy is home to Poland's first permanent museum and is a Vistula River port.

The town has two bridges and four rail stations, and serves as a road junction. Nearby Dęblin has a military airport.

Location and transport

Puławy lies in the western part of

Lesser Polish Gorge of the Vistula, and near the easternmost point of the Vistula river. Historically the town belongs to Lesser Poland, and geographically, it lies at the border of Mazovian Lowland and Lublin Upland. The area of the town is 50.49 square kilometres (19.49 sq mi). Puławy is located on Polish Expressway S12 (highway), and the intersection of the S17
and S12 highways is located nearby, east of the city. Furthermore, the town has four rail stations (Puławy, Puławy Azoty, Puławy Chemia and Puławy Miasto). Long-distance rail transport is served by the Puławy Miasto station, with connections to all Polish cities.

History

The history of Puławy dates back to the 15th century when a settlement near a Vistula river ford was established. In the late 17th century it emerged as the location of a rural residence of the

Pałac Czartoryskich or the Czartoryskich Palace. In 1687, Lubomirski's daughter Elżbieta (who was called the uncrowned Queen of Poland), married Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski, bringing Puławy her dowry. In 1706, during the Great Northern War, the settlement together with the castle were destroyed by Swedish soldiers as Elżbieta was a supporter of King Augustus II the Strong
.

Czartoryski residence in Puławy, B. Czernow, 1842

In 1731,

Jan Piotr Norblin, Marcello Bacciarelli. In 1794, during the Kościuszko Uprising, Puławy was plundered and burned by the Russians as punishment for the Czartoryski family's support of the rebels. The reconstruction of the palace was initiated in 1796 by Princess Izabela who employed the renowned architect Chrystian Piotr Aigner. In 1801, the Princess opened the first museum in Poland in the Temple of the Sibyl
in Puławy.

Princess Izabela Czartoryska leaves Puławy during the November 1831 Uprising (1833 lithograph)

The end of Puławy's Golden Age was marked by the November Uprising (1830–31), when after its suppression, the estate was taken over by the Russian government. The museum collections that were saved later became the nucleus of the present Czartoryski Museum in Kraków. In the 1830s, the Czartoryski family was forced to leave Russian-controlled Congress Poland (see Great Emigration), and Puławy was reduced into a small, provincial village. In 1842, to further erase traces of Polish culture, the Russians renamed Puławy to Nowa Aleksandria. In 1869, an Agricultural and Forestry Institute was founded here. One of its first students was the future Polish writer Bolesław Prus (who had also spent part of his early childhood in Puławy). Prus would set his 1884 micro-story, "Mold of the Earth," at the Temple of the Sibyl.

20th century

Puławy received its town charter in 1906. In 1915, it was seized by the

counter-attack from Puławy that encircled and defeated a 177,000-strong Soviet force. The attack drove the Red Army from Poland and established Poland's security for two decades, until the German invasion of 1939
.

In the

Central Industrial Area
.

Monument to the fallen and murdered in World War II

In September 1939, during the joint German-Soviet

ghetto, then murdered at the Sobibór camp. The Jewish population ceased to exist and was never reconstituted.[3][permanent dead link] The town remained under German occupation until July 25, 1944, when it was freed by the Home Army, as well as the Red Army
.

A year later, on April 24, 1945, a local unit of the anti-Communist organization

Communist secret services
temporarily.

The postwar history of Puławy has been dominated by the 1960 decision of the government of

ZOMO
on Dec. 19, and 20 people were arrested.

Points of interest

Temple of the Sibyl
Marynka's Palace

The most notable landmark in Puławy is the

micro-story, "Mold of the Earth
."

Near the Temple of the Sibyl is the "Gothic House", built between 1800 and 1809 to commemorate Prince Józef Poniatowski’s visit to Puławy; it now houses the Regional Museum. Other palace buildings house the Soil and Fertilizer Institute.

Additional interesting buildings within the park include:

The town of Puławy itself features some interesting buildings, including a former town hall, former Orthodox church, and historic inn.

Science

Since the mid-19th century, Puławy has been a center of higher education. Institutions operating here are:

  • a local branch of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin,
  • Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, opened in 1950, and based on an earlier school from 1917,[4]
  • National Veterinary Research Institute, opened in 1945,[5]
  • Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology,
  • Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, Division of Apiculture,
  • Fertilizer Research Institute, moved in 1968 from Tarnów,
  • Development Department at the Institute of Fundamental Technological of the Polish Academy of Sciences, since 1993 called Echo-Son SA.

Since 2008, local institutes, together with Town Council and the

Kazimierz Pułaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom
have been working on a modern scientific campus, which will be located in the district of Azoty. Among others, the complex will host four departments of the Radom University of Technology.

Sports

Puławy has several sports clubs, with the most famous ones being

2017
and 2018.

Gallery

Notable people

Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski
Princess Izabela Czartoryska

Twin towns — sister cities

Puławy is

twinned
with:

Former twin towns, both having ended their relation due to implementation of an

LGBT ideology-free zone
:

See also

Bibliography

  • Encyklopedia Polski

References

  1. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion [It was 1939. An operation by the German security police in Poland. Intelligence action] (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 264–265.
  2. ^ a b "Krystyna Krahelska". 1944.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  3. ^ "Remember Jewish Pulawy". 2018-07-21.
  4. ^ IUNG-PIB, Historia Ośrodka Nauk Rolniczych w Puławach (2017), retrieved July 16, 2020 (Polish).
  5. ^ PIWet PIB, O Instytucie: Historia (2017), retrieved July 16, 2020 (Polish).
  6. ^ Maria Frankowska, Douai zawiesza współpracę z Puławami za strefę anty LGBT. Mer: „Przemoc zaczyna się od słów”[permanent dead link] (March 2, 2020), retrieved July 16, 2020 (Polish).
  7. ^ de Wit, Annemarie (July 14, 2020). "Nieuwegein schrapt Pulawy van welkomstbord: vriendschap verbroken na homovrije zone" [Nieuwegein removes Pulawy from welcome board: friendship broken after gay-free zone (Dutch).]. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
  8. ^ "Dutch city ends ties with Polish twin declared 'gay-free zone'". July 16, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2020.