Puelche people
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|
Gününa künä | |
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Regions with significant populations | |
Argentina (Cuyo and Pampas), Chile | |
Languages | |
Spanish, Mapuche; Historically Puelche | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Tehuelche, Huarpe Pehuenches, Huarpe |
The Gününa küna, or sometimes, Puelche (
pwel "east" | |
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People | Gününa künä (Puelche) |
Language | Gününa Küne |
Country | Pwelmapu |
The Puelche are commemorated in the scientific names of two species of lizards, Liolaemus gununakuna and Liolaemus puelche, which are endemic to Argentina.[1][2][3] Currently, there are efforts of revitalizing the language.
The Puelches like the Pehuenches were hunters, fishermen and gatherers. They used bows, arrows and after the arrival of the Mapuche, spears. [4] They were tall and stout and dressed in fur quillangos (cloaks) and turbans of rolled threads with nets that covered their heads and on which they attached feather ornaments. Their dwellings were built with branches and hides. They cooked the food and heated the water in bark containers with hot stones. They made canoes with larch boards, cooked and caulked, easily disassembled to be carried on their shoulders through the Andean passes, which allowed them to interact with the Huilliches but above all with the Chonos of southern Chile, very close to them.[5]
Precolonization Puelches
When the Spanish arrived, the Pehuenches and Puelches were
During hunting and war they showed their skill in handling bolts and arrows. They made their houses or tents with branches and skins and settled near rivers and estuaries. The bands were presided over by an elder who acted as Lonko or head of the family.
History
Puelches Algarroberos
The Puelches algarroberos (Puelches of the Algarroba), also called Puelches de Cuyo were a people related to the huarpean Pehuenches, living in Mendoza and the northern parts of Neuquén, to the south, their neighbors were the Pehuenches, and to the north by the Huarpes.[4]
During the Campaign of the Desert, in 1833, a chief part of a Puelche Algarrobero subgroup, Vicente Goico, aided the forces of José Félix Aldao.[6]
1833 Desert Campaign
A
Aldao, after hearing about the results of the battle, decided to ambush the chief, with help of Puelche chief, who Aldao had adopted as his godson, Vicente Goico.
After various military victories, Aldao had sent various chiefs fleeing south; one of them, Barbón, an elderly puelche chief subordinated to Yanquetruz; who was ordered to be killed by Aldao, then he was found, beheaded and spiked by Goico, his head being left in the coast of the Salado River, with the pretext of scorning Yanquetruz.[6][7]
Goico died during a fight with the Pincheiras Brothers, near Mendoza.[8]
References
- ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Gununakuna, p. 112; Puelche, p. 212).
- ^ Species Liolaemus gununakuna at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
- ^ Species Liolaemus puelche at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
- ^ a b "Historia de San Rafael: Historia de la ciudad y la zona". Welcome Argentina (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-05-16.
- ^ "Los Puelches y Poyas ". bahiabrava.com. Retrieved 2023-05-16. (in Spanish).
- ^ a b "La campaña del desierto de 1833 en Argentina". pacarinadelsur.com. Retrieved 2023-05-16. (in Spanish).
- ^ Zeballos, Estanislao Severo (1878). La conquista de quince mil leguas: Estudio sobre la traslacion de la Frontera Sud de la República al Río Negro, dedicado á los gefes y oficiales del Ejército Expedicionario. Buenos Aires: Establecimiento Tipográfico a vapor de "La Prensa". pp. 346–348. (in Spanish).
- ^ Cero, Revista Kilómetro (2022-12-13). "Los hermanos Pincheira sembraron terror en el Sur mendocino". Revista Kilómetro Cero (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-05-17.
Sources
- Thomas Falkner, Description of Patagonia and the adjoining parts of South America, Pugh, Hereford, 1774.
- Juan Ignatius Molina, The Geographical, Natural, and Civil History of Chili, Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, London, 1809
- Bruce G. Trigger, Wilcomb E. Washburn, Richard E. W. Adams, The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Vol III South America Part 2. , Cambridge University Press, 2000.