Puerto Montt
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Puerto Montt
Meli Pulli | |
---|---|
UTC−3 (CLST) | |
Postal code | 5480000 |
Area code | 56 + 65 |
Climate | Cfb |
Website | Official website (in Spanish) |
Puerto Montt (
Founded as late as 1853 during the German colonization of southern Chile, Puerto Montt soon outgrew older neighboring cities through its strategic position at the southern end of the Chilean Central Valley being a gateway city into the Chiloé Archipelago, the Llanquihue and Nahuel Huapi lakes and Western Patagonia.
Puerto Montt has gained renown and grown significantly through the rise of Chile to become the second largest salmon producer of the world during the 1990s and 2000s. However, the
History
Originally, the site was covered by thick forest and was called Melipulli (which means "four hills" in
In 1912, the city was connected by train to Santiago, making it an important point of entry into Chilean Patagonia and augmenting its commercial development. By 1950, it had a population of 27,500, and the city was rapidly urbanizing. However, the 1960 Valdivia earthquake destroyed much of Puerto Montt, collapsing the port and the train station along with many building and houses. Eventually the city recovered, becoming once again an important urban centre as well as a port of national interest.[5]
1969 violence
At the start of March 1969, approximately 90 landless people received poor advice from Socialist Member of Parliament Luis Espinoza. The families were never granted land needed to build their homes. On March 4, 1969, the families settled on empty, unoccupied farmland owned by an absentee landlord. The families sought squatters' rights. Approximately four to five days after moving onto the land, the local Police Chief Rolando Rodríguez Marbán assured the squatters that they would not be disturbed, and could proceed with their home construction. Unfortunately, the Ministry of the Interior changed their orders, which led to tragic results.
On midnight on March 9, Luis Espinoza
The massacre of Puerto Montt and the public outcry that followed were major factors contributing to the defeat of
Late 20th century
By 1979, Puerto Montt was nominated and later become the Capital of Los Lagos Region, thereby becoming the principal administrative, political and commercial centre of Southern Chile.[7]
By 1982, the commune already reached 103,680 inhabitants. From the late 1980s, the city began to experience a new accelerated growth, both in population and in the economic sphere, mainly due to the installation of the industry Chilean salmon farm, of which Puerto Montt became its nerve center.[citation needed]
Demographics
According to the 2017 census, Puerto Montt has 245,902 inhabitants (121,019 men and 124,883 women), of which 25,759 live in rural areas and 220,143 live in urban areas. From 218,858 inhabitants in the 2012 census, the population grew by 12.36% (27,044 people).
Of the overall population, 52,483 belong to
About 1.46% of the population (3,595 people) are immigrants, with 199 reporting originating from Peru, 596 from Colombia, 269 from Venezuela, 40 from Bolivia, 1,527 from Argentina, 44 from Haiti, 194 from Ecuador, 157 from South America, 153 from Central America and the Caribbean, 52 from North America, 242 from Europe, 83 from Asia, 16 from Africa, 6 from Oceania and 17 not declaring.[3]
Climate
Puerto Montt has a wet
Climate data for Puerto Montt ( El Tepual Airport ) 1991–2020, extremes 1964–present
| |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 34.7 (94.5) |
35.1 (95.2) |
31.6 (88.9) |
25.8 (78.4) |
20.8 (69.4) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
28.1 (82.6) |
30.4 (86.7) |
35.1 (95.2) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.0 (68.0) |
19.9 (67.8) |
18.1 (64.6) |
15.1 (59.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
10.5 (50.9) |
10.2 (50.4) |
11.2 (52.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
16.5 (61.7) |
18.5 (65.3) |
15.0 (59.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.3 (57.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
12.6 (54.7) |
10.4 (50.7) |
8.9 (48.0) |
7.1 (44.8) |
6.4 (43.5) |
7.1 (44.8) |
8.1 (46.6) |
9.6 (49.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) |
8.9 (48.0) |
8.1 (46.6) |
6.5 (43.7) |
5.7 (42.3) |
4.4 (39.9) |
3.5 (38.3) |
3.8 (38.8) |
4.1 (39.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
6.9 (44.4) |
8.3 (46.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | 0.8 (33.4) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 77.3 (3.04) |
69.0 (2.72) |
99.3 (3.91) |
141.9 (5.59) |
181.3 (7.14) |
213.4 (8.40) |
177.4 (6.98) |
174.9 (6.89) |
115.5 (4.55) |
120.7 (4.75) |
102.1 (4.02) |
92.8 (3.65) |
1,565.6 (61.64) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.7 | 8.3 | 11.5 | 14.3 | 16.2 | 19.2 | 18.0 | 18.2 | 15.3 | 15.1 | 12.8 | 11.4 | 170.0 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
79 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 88 | 85 | 83 | 81 | 80 | 85 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 237.6 | 210.3 | 169.7 | 114.7 | 77.5 | 53.2 | 74.5 | 102.8 | 131.2 | 158.8 | 175.9 | 207.0 | 1,713.2 |
Source 1: Dirección Meteorológica de Chile[8][9][10][11] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: NOAA (precipitation days 1991–2020)[12]
|
Economy
Puerto Montt is the capital of the Los Lagos Region and the Llanquihue Province, and the main sea port at the lower end of Chile's western continental land. The city is the principal commercial, services, and financial hub of the Chilean Northern Patagonia—Zona Austral.
Puerto Montt is also the gateway to the Chiloé Archipelago and Chiloé Island across the Chacao Channel, and the many other smaller islands in Chile's inland Sea of Chiloé.
The city's economy is now based upon agriculture, cattle, and
History
During the 19th century, before and after the founding of Puerto Montt, the extraction and commercialization of wood, mainly larch, was the main economic activity in the area. Other existing items since the creation of the city were, to a lesser extent, alcohol distilleries, grain oil factories, breweries and the sale of items imported from Germany or Valparaíso. Puerto Montt, as the capital, was vital in the entry and exit of merchandise to the area, since the seaway was the only way to get the products out - the train would only arrive in 1912.
- Salmon aquaculture
The city is configured as the hub of one of the largest
Transport
Additionally, Marcel Marchant Aerodrome (La Paloma) connects the city with remote locations within the Patagonian Fjords.[citation needed]
Administration
As a commune, Puerto Montt is a third-level
Since 2012 the current Mayor has been Gervoy Paredes Rojas who was reelected at 2016 Municipal elections with an end term up to 2020 and the current members of the council are Fernado España España (
Within the
Education
Puerto Montt has 175 registered schools varying from educational levels such as pre-school, primary school, secondary school, special school as well as technical-professional and adult schools.[18]
- Arabe Siria School is a Catholic, public school teaching from pre-school to primary school.
- Alerce Rural School is a Catholic, public school from pre-school to primary school with some support to children with special needs.
- Angelmo Elementary School is a public school with education levels from pre-school to primary school with support to children with special needs.
- Adventist Private School is a religious, private and subsidized school owned by Seventh-day Adventist Church Corporation and teach from pre-school to primary school.[19]
- The British School Patagonia is part of Red de colegios Patagonia and a private and subsidized school, from pre-school to secondary school
- Pumahue School, member of Cognita School is a private, non-subsidized school, from pre-school to secondary school.[20][21]
- Salesiano Padre Jose Fernández Perez, is a Catholic, private and subsided school, that ranging from pre-school to secondary school with support to children with special needs, as well as technical and adults school.[22]
- Deutsche Schule (German Institute) of Puerto Montt is a private, non-subsidized school member of DS CHILE "Association of German schools in Chile" with an international exchange and support from Germany, teaching from pre-school to secondary school.[23][24]
- Industrial Lyceum of Puerto Montt is a public, secondary school with a focus on technical professions.
- Lafquen Montessori School, Known to use Montessori method is a private and subsidized school, from pre-school to secondary-school with support to children with special needs.[25]
- Mother Isabel Larragaña Adult school is a Catholic and Private school with a primary and secondary school program for adults.[26]
- Joaquin de los Andes Auditory and Language Special School is an holistic, private and subsidized school for pre-school children with SLI and Deafness.[27]
Universities
- Universidad de Los Lagos, Campus Puerto Montt (Chinquihue)[28]
- Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), Campus Puerto Montt[29]
- Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Patagonia[30]
- Universidad Santo Tomás, Campus Puerto Montt[31]
Notable people
- Bordemar, group of folkloric music.
- Raúl Ruiz, filmmaker.
- Enrique Paris, physician and politician who served as Minister of Health of Chile between 2020 and 2022.
- María Luisa Cordero, television presenter and psychologist.
- the Military Dictatorship of Chile.
Gallery
-
The city of Puerto Montt in 1862.
-
Angelmó.
-
View of Puerto Montt's sea-side downtown in foreground and Osorno volcano in the background.
References
- ^ "Municipality of Puerto Montt" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
- ^ "National Statistics Institute" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 13 November 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
- ^ a b c Censo 2017 (2017). "Resultados Censo 2017 por país, regiones y comunas" [Census 2017 results by country, region and commune] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ César A. Sánchez Vera. "Historia de Puerto Montt". Diario El Llanquihue. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
- ^ "Puerto Montt 1853-2002". Memoria Chilena. Archived from the original on April 24, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
- ^ "Chile: 9 de marzo de 1969, masacre en Puerto Montt, ni olvido, ni perdón". Correo de los trabajadores. Archived from the original on April 26, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
- ^ Oficina Municipal de Patrimonio Cultural. "Historia". Municipalidad de Puerto Montt. Archived from the original on May 17, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
- ^ "Datos Normales y Promedios Históricos Promedios de 30 años o menos" (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
- ^ "Temperaturas Medias y Extremas en 30 Años-Entre los años: 1991 al 2020-Nombre estación: El Tepual Puerto Montt Ap" (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
- ^ "Estadistica Climatologica Tomo II" (PDF) (in Spanish). Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil. March 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2012. Retrieved December 25, 2012.
- ^ "Temperatura Histórica de la Estación El Tepual Puerto Montt Ap. (410005)" (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
- ^ "El Tepual Aeropuerto Puerto Montt Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ "Servicio Electoral de Chile". Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ "Municipal Council Members of Puerto Montt". Archived from the original on January 21, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ "Chamber of Deputies of Chile". Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ "Senate of Chile". Archived from the original on January 21, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ "Regional Council X Region de Los Lagos". Archived from the original on January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ "Full guide of Education in Chile" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
- ^ "Adventist School of Puerto Montt" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
- ^ "Pumahue School Puerto Montt" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
- ^ "Cognita Group". Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
- ^ "COLEGIO SALESIANO P. José Fernández Pérez" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
- ^ "German School Puerto Montt" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
- ^ "Deutscher Bundestag 4. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV/3672" (Archive). Bundestag (West Germany). 23 June 1965. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. p. 23/51.
- ^ "Lafquen Montessori School" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
- ^ "Hermanas de la caridad del Sagrado Corazon de Jesus" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
- ^ "Joaquin de los Andes Puerto Montt" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
- ^ "Universidad de los Lagos". Archived from the original on 2016-08-12. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
- ^ "Bienvenidos a UACh | Universidad Austral de Chile". Archived from the original on 2016-08-15. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
- ^ "Descripción | USS 2016". Archived from the original on 2016-04-23. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
- ^ "Puerto Montt - Universidad Santo Tomás". Archived from the original on 2016-08-27. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
Notes
External links
- Tourism Official Website
- Media related to Puerto Montt at Wikimedia Commons
- Puerto Montt travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Municipality of Puerto Montt Archived 2011-05-03 at the Wayback Machine
- Puerto Montt City Guide