Pulmonata

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"Pulmonate" redirects here. For other uses, see Pulmonate (disambiguation).

Pulmonata
Temporal range: Carboniferous–recent
Various examples of Pulmonata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Informal group: Pulmonata
Cuvier, 1814
Taxonomic subdivisions

Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an

snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill
, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families.

The

polyphyletic in a molecular study per Jörger et al., dating from 2010.[1]

Pulmonata are known from the Carboniferous period to the present.[2]

Pulmonates have a single atrium and kidney, and a concentrated symmetrical nervous system. The mantle cavity is on the right side of the body, and lacks gills, instead being converted into a vascularised lung. Most species have a shell, but no operculum, although the group does also include several shell-less slugs. Pulmonates are hermaphroditic, and some groups possess love darts.[3]

Linnean taxonomy

The taxonomy of this group according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997) was as follows:

Order Pulmonata Cuvier in Blainville, 1814 - pulmonates

Shells of pulmonate stylommatophoran snails in a museum collection
An artistic but scientifically incorrect version of various European land snails and slugs (one species here is not a pulmonate), their food plants and fungi, and a beetle that eats mollusks, bottom right.

2005 taxonomy

Bielzia coerulans top left, Praticolella berlandieriana center right, Megalobulimus oblongus in the center, Euglandina rosea center left, Helix pomatia bottom right & Ashmunella levettei
bottom left

The taxonomy of this group according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)[4] was as follows:

Informal Group Pulmonata

Contains the informal group Basommatophora and the clade Eupulmonata

Informal Group Basommatophora

Contains the clade Hygrophila

Clade
Hygrophila

Clade Eupulmonata

Contains the clades Systellommatophora and Stylommatophora

  • Superfamily
    Trimusculoidea
    • Family
      Trimusculidae
  • Superfamily Otinoidea
    • Family
      Otinidae
    • Family
      Smeagolidae
  • Superfamily
    Ellobioidea
Clade
Gymnomorpha
)
Clade Stylommatophora

Contains the subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra

Subclade Elasmognatha
Subclade Orthurethra
Informal Group Sigmurethra
limacoid clade
other Sigmurethra

Two superfamilies belongs to clade Sigmurethra, but they are not in the limacoid clade.

2010 taxonomy

Jörger et al. (2010)

Acochlidia and Eupulmonata.[1]

References

  1. ^
    PMID 20973994
    .
  2. ISBN 80-7067-599-3
    .
  3. ISBN 0-03-056747-5
    .
  4. ISSN 0076-2997
    .

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pulmonata.
Wikispecies has information related to Pulmonata.
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