Punjabi Braille
| Punjabi Braille Gurmukhi Braille | |
|---|---|
| Script type | |
Print basis | Gurmukhi alphabet |
| Languages | Punjabi language |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems |
|
Indic | |
Punjabi Braille is the
Bharati braille alphabets, and largely conforms to the letter values of the other Bharati alphabets.[1]
Alphabet
The alphabet is as follows: Vowel letters are used rather than diacritics, and they occur after consonants in their spoken order.[2] For orthographic conventions, see Bharati Braille.
Gurmukhi
|
ਅ | ਆ | ਇ | ਈ | ਉ | ਊ | ਏ | ਐ | ਓ | ਔ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | a | ā | i | ī | u | ū | ē | e | ō | o |
| Braille (Image) |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
| Braille (Inline) | ⠁ | ⠜ | ⠊ | ⠔ | ⠥ | ⠳ | ⠑ | ⠌ | ⠕ | ⠪ |
| Gurmukhi | ਕ | ਖ | ਗ | ਘ | ਙ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | k | kh | g | gh | ṅ |
| Braille (Image) |  |
 |
 |
 |
|
| Braille (Inline) | ⠅ | ⠨ | ⠛ | ⠣ | ⠬ |
| Gurmukhi | ਚ | ਛ | ਜ | ਝ | ਞ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | c | ch | j | jh | ñ |
| Braille (Image) |  |
 |
 |
 |
|
| Braille (Inline) | ⠉ | ⠡ | ⠚ | ⠴ | ⠒ |
| Gurmukhi | ਟ | ਠ | ਡ | ਢ | ਣ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | ṭ | ṭh | ḍ | ḍh | ṇ |
| Braille (Image) |  |
 |
 |
 |
|
| Braille (Inline) | ⠾ | ⠺ | ⠫ | ⠿ | ⠼ |
| Gurmukhi | ਤ | ਥ | ਦ | ਧ | ਨ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | t | th | d | dh | n |
| Braille (Image) |  |
 |
 |
 |
|
| Braille (Inline) | ⠞ | ⠹ | ⠙ | ⠮ | ⠝ |
| Gurmukhi | ਪ | ਫ | ਬ | ਭ | ਮ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | p | ph | b | bh | m |
| Braille (Image) |  |
 |
 |
 |
|
| Braille (Inline) | ⠏ | ⠖ | ⠃ | ⠘ | ⠍ |
| Gurmukhi | ਯ | ਰ | ਲ | ਵ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | y | r | l | v |
| Braille (Image) |  |
 |
 |
|
| Braille (Inline) | ⠽ | ⠗ | ⠇ | ⠧ |
| Gurmukhi | ਸ | ਹ | ੜ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | s | h | ṛ [3] |
| Braille (Image) |  |
 |
|
| Braille (inline) | ⠎ | ⠓ | ⠻ |
Pointing
The Bharati point, ⠐, is only used to derive one consonant, ਗ਼ ġa /ɣə/, from the base consonant letter ਗ ga /ɡə/. This system also operates in
international values
. The six pointed letters in the Gurmukhi script have the following equivalents in braille:
| Gurmukhi | ਖ਼ | ਗ਼ | ਜ਼ | ਫ਼ | ਲ਼ | ਸ਼ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | x | ġ | z | f | ḷ | ś |
| Braille (Image) |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
| Braille (Inline) | ⠭ | ⠐⠛ | ⠵ | ⠋ | ⠸ | ⠩ |
Codas
Points are used for syllable codas.
| Gurmukhi | ਕ੍ | ਕਂ | ਕਃ | ਕਁ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diacritics | Halant |
Anusvara | Visarga | Candrabindu
| ||||
| Braille (Image) |  |
 |
 |
| ||||
| Braille (Inline) | ⠈ | ⠰ | ⠠ | ⠄ | ||||
Punctuation
See Bharati Braille#Punctuation.
References
- ^ World Braille Usage, UNESCO, −2013
- ^ UNESCO (2013) World Braille Usage, 3rd edition.
- ^ Unesco (2013) also has ⠐⠻ for ੜ੍ਹ ṛh, but this is an apparent copy error: ੜ੍ਹ is a sequence ṛ-h, not the equivalent of the single letter ṛh in other Indic scripts.