Pupput

Coordinates: 36°23′34″N 10°33′42″E / 36.3929°N 10.5616°E / 36.3929; 10.5616
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Pupput
Archaeological remains of Pupput
Pupput is located in Tunisia
Pupput
Shown within Tunisia
LocationTunisia
RegionNabeul Governorate
Coordinates36°23′34″N 10°33′42″E / 36.3929°N 10.5616°E / 36.3929; 10.5616

Pupput, also spelled "Putput", "Pudput", "Pulpud" and "Pulpite" in

Arabic: أبيض or "white market"), is a Colonia in the Roman province of Africa which has been equated with an archaeological site in modern Tunisia. It is situated on the coast near the town of Hammamet, between the two wadis of Temad (or el-Thimad) to the north and Moussa to the south.[1] Much of the Pupput is buried under modern holiday developments which have been built over the major part of the site.[2]

History

Classical antiquity

This agricultural region, densely occupied in

Punic remains have been identified on the site of Pupput itself.[4]

A settlement existed here as early as the 1st century BC, and this may have been of Berber–Punic origin. It was a simple vicus in Carthaginian territory at the time of the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius (2nd century AD).[5] The Roman politician Salvius Julianus is thought to have been born in the village and it may be due to him that Pupput became an honorary Colonia under the Emperor Commodus (185-192).[6] At this time the city was probably a satellite town of its neighbour Neapolis. The earliest documentary record of the city was in 168 when it was promoted to the status of a municipium governed by an elected council. It appears to have gained in importance during the 2nd and 3rd centuries, when it expanded considerably and a significant number of public monuments were built.[2] According to an inscription preserved in the Bardo National Museum in Tunis which was dedicated to the 4th century Emperor Licinius,[7] the Roman name of the city was "Colonia Aurelia Commoda Pia Felix Augusta Pupput".[8]

Extract from the Atlas archéologique de la Tunisie (1892), sites 11-12 and 14.

Late antiquity

The ancient city of Pupput would have become vicus again in

Carthaginian Council of 525 and Bishop Guloso attended an anti-monothelite council in 646.[10]

Although Puppi belonged to the ecclesiastical province of Africa Proconsolaris,[11] Pupput was listed as part of the civil Roman province of Byzacena.[12] To explain this discrepancy, some authors, such as Noël Duval, have suggested that boundary changes resulted in a "conurbation" of the city with Siagu (now Ksar Ezzit[4][13] in the east of the town of Bir Bouregba), which was located in Africa Proconsularis, a few kilometers to the north.[9]

Puppi survives today as titular bishop, and the current bishop is Timothy Yu Gyoung-chon, of Seoul.[14]

Middle Ages

In the

Kingdom of Aragón captured and destroyed the city in 1303, leaving it in ruins. The Pupput area was subsequently settled by charcoal burners from Hammamet.[2]

Remains

Historical sources mention the existence of a Capitol, a theatre and amphitheatre, of which no traces exist today.[2] It was not until the late 19th century that the site was rediscovered[17] by accident when an area was being levelled for construction.[2] Some of Pupput's remains were partially unearthed in the early 20th century by battalions of the French army, but in the late 1960s the site was endangered by the development of hotel complexes along the Tunisian coast.[17] Rescue archaeology revealed part of a Roman necropolis, which at 300 meters is the largest in Roman Africa. Additionally a large residential quarter was found including houses, thermae (baths) which gave nearby Hammamet its name (from the Arabic word hammam, meaning "bath"), and a water supply network including aqueduct parts and cisterns. Grave goods and decorative architectural elements were also found, including mosaic flooring that indicates high-status buildings.[2] The residential quarter and baths were preserved as an archaeological park, but the remains of the central complex of monuments and the public buildings were buried beneath hotel foundations.[17]

The ancient town and

bishopric of Puppi has been tentatively identified with this site at Souk el-Abiod.[18]

References

  1. ^ See the details of the site A00016 on the "Staff Map [of Tunisia] (scale 1:50 000), sheet 37 (early 20th century?).
  2. ^ a b c d e f "The archaeological site of Pupput". Patrimonie de Tunisie. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  3. ^ 36°26′19″N 10°35′35″E / 36.4384799°N 10.5931801°E / 36.4384799; 10.5931801 (Ancient Thinissut (hypothetical))
  4. ^
  5. ^ Itinéraire d'Antonin, 58, 3 (read on line)
  6. ^ CIL VIII, 24092
  7. ^ CIL VIII, 24093
  8. ^ Aïcha Ben Abed Ben Khader, « Les maisons de Pupput (Tunisie) », CRAI, vol. 150, number 1, 2006, p. 509
  9. ^ a b « Pupput », Carte des routes et des cités de l'est de l'Africa à la fin de l'Antiquité : nouvelle édition de la carte des voies romaines de l'Afrique du Nord conçue en 1949, d'après les tracés de Pierre Salama, Turnhout, Brepols, 2010, pp. 196-197
  10. ^ Stefano Antonio Morcelli (1816). Africa Christiana: in tres partes tributa (in Latin). Vol. 1. Betton. p. 258.
  11. ^ André Chastagnol, « Les gouverneurs de Byzacène et de Tripolitaine », Antiquités africaines, 1, Aix-en-Provence, CNRS, 1967, p. 120 (read on line)
  12. ^ Martianus Capella, VI, 670 et ILAfr 314
  13. ^ 36°25′54″N 10°35′09″E / 36.4316263°N 10.5858201°E / 36.4316263; 10.5858201 (Antique Siagu (approximatif))
  14. ^ "Puppi (Titular See) Puppitanus". Catholic Hierarchy. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  15. OCLC 492040374
  16. Arabic
    : حمامات, is the plural of the word hammam (Turkish bath).
  17. ^ .
  18. ), p. 956

Sources

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