Purulia district
Purulia district | |
---|---|
Clockwise from top-left: Joychandi Pahar, Banda Deul temple, Ajodhya Hills, Winding hill-road, Chhau dance | |
Coordinates: 23°20′N 86°22′E / 23.333°N 86.367°E | |
Country | India |
State | West Bengal |
Division | Medinipur |
Headquarters | Purulia |
Government | |
• Lok Sabha constituencies |
|
• | |
Area | |
• Total | 6,259 km2 (2,417 sq mi) |
Population (2011) | |
• Total | 2,930,115 |
• Density | 470/km2 (1,200/sq mi) |
Demographics | |
• Literacy | 74.48% |
• Sex ratio | 955/1000 |
Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
Average annual precipitation | 1100 - 1500 mm |
Website | purulia |
Purulia district (Pron: puruliːaː) is one of the twenty-three districts of
History
Pre history
The territory of present Purulia district was a part of Banga,
Pre independence
By Regulation XVIX of 1805, a Jungle Mahals district composed of 23 parganas and mahals including the present Purulia was formed. By Regulation XIII of 1833 the Jungle Mahals district was broken up and a new district called Manbhum was constituted with headquarters at Manbazar. The district was very large in size and included parts of Bankura and Bardhaman districts of present West Bengal state and Dhanbad, Dhalbhum and Seraikela-Kharswan districts of present Jharkhand states. In 1838 the district headquarters was transferred from Manbazar to Purulia. Since the formation of the district it was withdrawn from regular administration and placed under an officer called Principal Assistant to the agent to the Governor-General for South-Western Frontier. The title of the officer Principal Agent was later changed to Deputy Commissioner by Act XX of 1854.[5]
Post independence
Finally in 1956 Manbhum district was partitioned between Bihar and West Bengal under the States Reorganization Act and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act 1956 and the present Purulia district was born on 1 November 1956.[3]
The district is a part of the
Geography
Purulia lies between 22.60 degrees and 23.50 degrees north latitudes and 85.75 degrees and 86.65 degrees east longitudes. Compass Declination 0º22'W. The geographical area of the district is 6,259 km2 (2,417 sq mi). This district is bordered on the east by Bankura, Paschim Medinipur districts, on the north by Bardhaman district of West Bengal state and Dhanbad district of Jharkhand state, on the west by Bokaro and Ranchi districts of Jharkhand state and on the south by West Singhbhum and East Singhbhum districts of Jharkhand state.
Purulia is the westernmost district of West Bengal with an all-India significance because of its tropical location, its shape as well as function like a funnel. It funnels not only the tropical monsoon current from the Bay to the subtropical parts of north-west India, but also acts as a gateway between the developed industrial belts of West Bengal and the hinterlands in Odisha, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
Climate
Using the Köppen classification, Purulia has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) and receives most of its rainfall during the monsoon season. Temperature is high in summer, averaging 40 °C (104 °F) and average in winter, around 10 °C (50 °F).[7] Rainfall defines the climate of the district. South west monsoon is the principal source of rainfall in the district. Average annual rainfall varies between 1,100 and 1,500 mm (43 and 59 in). The relative humidity is high in monsoon season, being 75% to 85%. But in hot summer it comes down to 20% to 35%.[8]
Climate data for Purulia (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2001) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 33.4 (92.1) |
37.3 (99.1) |
41.7 (107.1) |
46.0 (114.8) |
46.3 (115.3) |
46.2 (115.2) |
40.7 (105.3) |
37.8 (100.0) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.4 (102.9) |
35.1 (95.2) |
33.3 (91.9) |
46.3 (115.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.6 (76.3) |
27.9 (82.2) |
33.1 (91.6) |
37.5 (99.5) |
38.0 (100.4) |
35.1 (95.2) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.3 (88.3) |
28.7 (83.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
31.4 (88.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.2 (52.2) |
14.1 (57.4) |
18.7 (65.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
23.7 (74.7) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
12.2 (54.0) |
19.9 (67.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
10.7 (51.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
13.2 (55.8) |
7.7 (45.9) |
5.7 (42.3) |
3.8 (38.8) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 15.4 (0.61) |
22.9 (0.90) |
30.4 (1.20) |
39.1 (1.54) |
78.6 (3.09) |
282.6 (11.13) |
326.1 (12.84) |
295.9 (11.65) |
244.8 (9.64) |
93.3 (3.67) |
21.4 (0.84) |
15.2 (0.60) |
1,465.9 (57.71) |
Average rainy days | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 5.6 | 13.0 | 16.4 | 16.0 | 11.6 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 77.5 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
55 | 46 | 39 | 38 | 48 | 67 | 79 | 80 | 77 | 67 | 60 | 59 | 59 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[9][10] |
Rivers and lakes
Several rivers flow across Purulia district. Among these
Geology
Due to undulated topography nearly 50% of the rainfall flows away as runoff. The district is covered by mostly residual soil formed by weathering of bed rocks.
Economy
The economy of the Purulia district is mainly driven by the industrial & Agricultural sector and tourism. Among these, the industrial sector is the backbone of the economy of the district.
From 2001, with the new industrial policies of government of West Bengal, this district has attracted investments in steel, cement and power sectors. The district has large scale industries like
Among small scale industries, the lac industry and sericulture industry is another major source of income of this district. Purulia produces 90% of the lac produced in West Bengal. Lac is cultivated in all the blocks of Purulia and about 70,000 people are associated with this industry. Sericulture industry is supported by the ample amount of caterpillar larvae as raw materials.[12]
Tourism is another source of income for this district. Forests, Hillocks, Rivulets, Streams, Wild Life, Flora & Fauna has tremendous scope to be explored by the tourist. The prominent of the district like Ajodhya Hills, Matha, Murguma Dam and Kuilapal Forests, Jaychandi Pahar, Panchakote Raj, Duarsini Hills and Forests attract quite a good number of visitors to Purulia every year.
Due to the rough weather and soil, purulia lags behind in agricultural arena from the other districts of West Bengal. However cultivation of silk and lac are the main agricultural products.
In 2006 the
Divisions
Administrative subdivisions
The district comprises four subdivisions: Purulia Sadar, Jhalda, Raghunathpur and Manbazar. Puruliya Sadar consists of Purulia municipality and five community development blocks: Purulia–I, Purulia–II, Hura, Puncha and Balarampur. Jhalda subdivision consists of Jhalda municipality and four community development blocks: Jhalda–I, Jhalda–II, Jaipur, Bagmundi. Raghunathpur subdivision consists of Raghunathpur municipality and six community development blocks: Para, Raghunathpur–I, Raghunathpur–II, Neturia, Santuri and Kashipur. Manbazar subdivision consists of five community development blocks: Manbazar–I, Manbazar–II Barabazar, Bandwan and Puncha.[14] Purulia town is the district headquarters. There are 21 police stations, 20 development blocks, 3 municipalities, 170 gram panchayats,[15] and 2459 inhabited villages in this district.[16]
Each subdivision except Manbazar contains one municipality each along with community development blocks which in turn is divided into rural areas and census towns.[17] In total there are 11 urban units: 3 municipalities and 9 census towns.
Purulia Sadar subdivision
- Purulia: municipality
- Purulia–Icommunity development block consists of rural areas only with 8 gram panchayats.
- Purulia–IIcommunity development block consists of rural areas only with 9 gram panchayats.
- Hura community development block consists of rural areas only with 10 gram panchayats.
- Balarampur community development block consists of rural areas with 7 gram panchayats and one census town: Balarampur.
- Arsha is a community development block
Manbazar subdivision
- Manbazar I community development block consists of rural areas only with 10 gram panchayats.
- Manbazar II community development block consists of rural areas only with 8 gram panchayats.
- Bandwan community development block consists of rural areas only with 8 gram panchayats.
- Puncha community development block consists of rural areas only with 10 gram panchayats.
- Barabazar community development block consists of rural areas with 10 gram panchayats and one census town: Barabazar.
Jhalda subdivision
- Jhalda: municipality
- Jhalda–Icommunity development block consists of rural areas only with 10 gram panchayats.
- Jhalda–IIcommunity development block consists of rural areas only with 9 gram panchayats.
- Joypur community development block consists of rural areas only with 7 gram panchayats.
- Baghmundi community development block consists of rural areas only with 8 gram panchayats.
Raghunathpur subdivision
- Raghunathpur: municipality
- Para community development block consists of rural areas with 10 gram panchayats and two census towns: Santaldih and Chapari.
- Raghunathpur I community development block consists of rural areas with 7 gram panchayats and one census town: Arra.
- Raghunathpur II community development block consists of rural areas with 6 gram panchayats and one census town: Nabagram.
- Par Beliya.
- Santuri community development block consists of rural areas only with 6 gram panchayats.
- Adra.
Assembly constituencies
The district is divided into
- Bandwan (ST) (assembly constituency no. 234)
- Manbazar (assembly constituency no. 243),
- Balarampur (ST)(assembly constituency no. 235),
- Joypur(assembly constituency no. 238),
- Purulia (assembly constituency no. 239),
- Para (SC) (assembly constituency no. 240),
- Raghunathpur (SC) (assembly constituency no. 241),
- Kashipur (ST) (assembly constituency no. 242)
- Bagmundi Vidhan Sabha
Para constituency was reserved for
Impact of delimitation of constituencies
As per order of the
- Bandwan (ST) (assembly constituency no. 234)
- Balarampur(assembly constituency no. 239),
- Baghmundi (assembly constituency no. 240),
- Joypur(assembly constituency no. 241),
- Purulia (assembly constituency no. 242),
- Manbazar (ST) (assembly constituency no. 243),
- Kashipur (assembly constituency no. 244),
- Para (SC) (assembly constituency no. 245) and
- Raghunathpur (SC) (assembly constituency no. 246).
Bandwan and Manbazar constituencies are reserved for
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1901 | 777,801 | — |
1911 | 884,372 | +13.7% |
1921 | 831,497 | −6.0% |
1931 | 972,077 | +16.9% |
1941 | 1,088,201 | +11.9% |
1951 | 1,169,097 | +7.4% |
1961 | 1,360,016 | +16.3% |
1971 | 1,602,875 | +17.9% |
1981 | 1,853,801 | +15.7% |
1991 | 2,224,577 | +20.0% |
2001 | 2,536,516 | +14.0% |
2011 | 2,930,115 | +15.5% |
Source: Census of India[20] |
According to the
According to the 2011 census, 80.56% of the population spoke Bengali, 11.17% Santali, 5.04% Kurmali and 1.93% Hindi as their first language.[26]
Transport
Purulia district is well connected with other cities and towns of West Bengal and neighbourhood states by road and rail transport.[7]
Rail
The District is served by three Rail connections provided by the South Eastern Railways. One line runs from Jharkhand in the South through the district up to Asansol passing through Adra division. Another line runs between Bankura and Dhanbad also via the Adra Division. The third line connects purulia with Jharkhand. Major cities and towns like Ranchi, Tatanagar, Patna, Howrah, Bokaro, Dhanbad, Lucknow, Asansol, Bhubaneswar, Puri, Durgapur, Mumbai, Chennai and Delhi are now well connected with this district by railways. The Railway Divisional Headquarter Adra railway division, which is one of the major rail division of South Eastern Railway, is situated on the northeastern part of Purulia district.
Road
The road transport is another important transportation medium of Purulia. The road transport is adequate in terms of bus availability and goods flow. NH 18 (NH 32) connects this district with Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Chas and Dhanbad. National Highway 60A (now NH 314) connects Purulia with State Highway 9 at Bankura and subsequently to NH2 at Durgapur. State Highway 5 also plays an important role in district's transport network as it connects the towns like Raghunathpur, Adra, Santaldih and Neturia to NH2 at Neamatpur and Asansol. Purulia has excellent road connectivity with Raniganj-Asansol industrial belt. South Bengal State Transport Corporation runs 4 buses from Purulia to Kolkata via State Highway 5 thus connecting towns and cities like Raghunathpur, Adra, Neturia to the industrial belt of Asansol, Raniganj, Durgapur and Burdwan. There are also many private bus operators on this route.
Culture
Purulia has rich cultural heritage. It has the mixed culture of Bengal, Jharkhand, and Odisha as it was a part of these areas for various times.[7][27] From archaeological evidences[28] to local festivals, every cultural event has got a tribal touch in it, which is the speciality of Purulia. Living mostly in rural areas and keeping intact many of their socio-cultural values, more or less in pristine forms, the rural people of Purulia have their folks to speak about many of their tenets. The distinctiveness of those is well demonstrated with the sentiments and feelings of the population and these are marked with splash of colours and often entwined with pathos, romanticism, velour and social consciousness. Purulia has a range of traditional song types, including Jhumair,[29][30] Ahirageet, Bhadu, Bihargeet, Baul, Karamgeet, and Tusugeet.[31] It is also the birthplace of a martial dance of Bengal Chhau.[7]
Tourism
Hundreds of thousands of tourists come to visit Purulia annually to witness the charm of the natural scenery of Ayodhya, Turga Falls, PPSP Upper and Lower Dam, Dawri khal in Kesto Bazar Dam, Lahoria Shiv Mandir, Matha and Kuilapal, falls and tribal habitations of
Notable people
- Nepal Mahata, chhau artiste, He was awarded Padmashree in 1983.
- Ajitesh Bandopadhyay, Bengali actor, playwright, activist and director
- Atul Chandra Ghosh, Indian freedom fighter
- Basudeb Acharia, politician
- Gambhir Singh Mura, Padmashree awardee and Chhau dancer
- Labanya Prabha Ghosh, Indian freedom fighter
- Mabinul Haq, Sahitya Akademi Award for Bengali Translation winning Bengali writer
- Mihir Sen, first Indian to swim the English Channel from Dover to Calais in 1958
- Pinki Pramanik, an Indian track and field athlete winning silver at the 2006 Commonwealth Games, gold at the 2006 Asian Games, and gold at the 2005 Asian Indoor Games
- Shyam Sundar Besra, Sahitya Akademi Award-winning Santali and Hindi writer
See also
- Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
- Purulia arms drop case
- Pandri, Purulia district (First solar-powered village in India)
References
- ^ "History, Tradition, Culture, Heritage, Tourism & Festivals of Purulia". Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ a b "Forest Divisions in Purulia District". purulia.gov.in. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ a b "History of Purulia, Bharatonline.com". Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ "An Overview of Purulia District, Sabjanta.com". Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ "HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, Purulia District". Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ "83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme". IntelliBriefs. 11 December 2009. Archived from the original on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f "Profile of the district, Purulia Zilla Parisad" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- ^ a b "River, About the District WestBengalOnline". Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- ^ "Station: Purulia Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 633–634. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M239. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "Purulia Pumped Storage Project". 17 January 2013. Archived from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ "Purulia: History, Geography, Tourism, Map". Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ a b Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
- ^ "List of Districts/C.D.Blocks/ Police Stations with Code No., Number of G.Ps and Number of Mouzas". West Bengal. Directorate of census operations. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Directory of District, Sub division, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal, March 2008". West Bengal. National Informatics Centre, India. 19 March 2008. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
- ^ "Administrative Units". Purulia district. National Informatics Centre. Archived from the original on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Density and General Sex Ratio by Residence and Sex, West Bengal/ District/ Sub District, 1991 and 2001". West Bengal. Directorate of census operations. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "General election to the Legislative Assembly, 2001 – List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). West Bengal. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ^ "Press Note, Delimitation Commission" (PDF). Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal. Delimitation Commission. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
- ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
- ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f "District Census Handbook: Purulia" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
Jamaica 2,868,380 July 2011 est
- ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
Arkansas 2,915,918
- ^
- "A-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix), West Bengal - 2011". Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
- "A-11 Appendix: District wise scheduled tribe population (Appendix) [2011]". Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
- ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ISBN 9004068562. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ "A Medley of Faiths: Towards a Composite Religious Culture in Early Medieval Rāḍh". Sahapedia. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ Sinha, Manik Lal (1974). Jhumar of the West Bengal highlands. Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi.
- ^ ":::::: Daricha Foundation ::::::". www.daricha.org. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ Mandal, Goutam Kumar (Winter 2016). "Pashchim Puruliar Biyer Ganer Kabyamulya o Bhasagata Boishistya". Anustup.