Pozzuoli
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Pozzuoli | |
---|---|
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 80078, 80014, 80125 |
Dialing code | 081 |
Patron saint | St. Proculus |
Saint day | 16 November |
Website | Official website |
Pozzuoli (Italian pronunciation:
History
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Pozzuoli began as the Greek colony of Dicaearchia (Greek: Δικαιαρχία) founded in about 531 BC in Magna Graecia with the consent of nearby Cumae when refugees from Samos escaped from the tyranny of Polycrates.[3]
The
During the
Puteoli became the great emporium for the
The
The local volcanic sand,
The
In 37 AD, Puteoli was the location for a political stunt by Emperor
With the development of the port of Ostia begun by Claudius in 42 AD, completed by Nero in 54 and enlarged by Trajan between 100 and 106, the fortunes of Puteoli began to decline, although Antoninus Pius repaired the pier's storm damage in 139. Nero's abortive attempt to build the Fossa Neronis canal from Puteoli to Rome may have prolonged its life. As a reward for their support in the fight against Vitellius, Vespasian (r. 69-79 AD) installed more veterans there, assigned the city a part of the Capuan territory and gave it the title Colonia Flavia which it retained.[citation needed]
Hadrian died at Baiae in 138 and was interred at Cicero's villa at Puteoli,[12] though his body was later transferred to Rome.
Two aqueducts eventually served Puteoli; the Campanian aqueduct dating from the 1st c. BC at the latest,[13] and also the Aqua Augusta. Several cisterns still exist, including the very large Piscina di Cardito.[14]
The city was taken and plundered by
Charles Lyell visited Pozzuoli in 1828 and studied the Macellum columns.
Since 1946, the town has been the home of the Accademia Aeronautica, the Italian Air Force Academy, which was first situated on the island of Nisida, then from 1962 on a purpose-built hilltop campus overlooking the bay.
From August 1982 to December 1984, the city experienced hundreds of tremors and
Main sights
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The town's attractions include:
- Flavian Amphitheatre (Amphitheatrum Flavium), the third largest Italian amphitheatre after the Colosseum and the Capuan Amphitheatre.
- The Macellum of Pozzuoli, also known as the Temple of Serapis or serapeum, is considered the city's symbol. The "temple" was a marketplace. Its name derives from the misinterpretation of its function after a statue of the god Serapis was found in 1750. The Macellum includes three majestic columns in Cipollino marble, which show erosion from marine Lithophaga molluscs when, at an earlier time, the ground level was much lower due to Bradyseism, and sea-water could flow in.[17]
- Temple of Augustus (part of the cathedral)
- Smaller Amphitheatre, very close to the Flavian one, its remains were absorbed by other buildings, but some arches can be seen by Via Solfatara and Via Vign
- Roman Baths, the so-called Temple of Neptune, are the remains of a big thermal complex now in Corso Terracciano, which also included the nearby "Dianae Nymphaeum".
- The Villa Avellino park has several Roman ruins and cisterns. There is also a still working Roman "face" water fountain.
- Rione Terra, the first settlement of Puteoli, originally Dicearkia in Greek.
- Necropolis of Via Celle, a rich complex of tombs and mausoleums, very near to an old Roman road still used today (Via Cupa Cigliano).
- Necropolis of the Via Puteolis Capuam, just under the bridge that leads outside the city near Via Solfatara.
- Stadium of Antoninus Pius, a very similar stadium to the Domitian one in Rome, partially excavated (Via Campi Flegrei).
- The Piscina di Cardito cistern, second in size only to the Piscina Mirabilis, and used as a settlement tank for the water supply from the Aqua Augusta aqueduct.
- Sanctuary of San Gennaro (Cathedral of Naples, it is one of the two places where the alleged miracle of the liquefaction of the saint's blood occurs.
- fumaroles)
Transportation
It is easily reached by train from
Neighbouring communes
Notable people
- Januarius, Patron Saint of Naples, executed at Solfatara c. 305.
- Josephus landed there on his way to Rome (The Life of Flavius Josephus; 3.16).
- leprologist, was born there.
- Sophia Loren, film actress, grew up there.
- Gilbert, Count of Montpensier, Viceroy of Naples, died there on 15 October 1496.
- Saint Paul, the Apostlelanded there on his way to Rome (Acts 28:13).
- Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Baroque composer, died there.
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Dictator of Rome, died at his villa there.
See also
References
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ Puteoli, perseus.tufts.edu. Accessed 27 February 2023.
- ^ E. T. Salmon, Samnium and the Samnites, Cambridge 1967, pp. 71-72
- ^ Livy 24.7, pp. 12-13.
- ^ Silius Italicus Punica (The Second Carthaginian War) Book XII
- ^ "Comune di Pozzuoli (NA)".
- ^ John Everett-Heath, ed. (2010). "Pozzuoli". Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press (Oxford Reference Online Premium Database).
- ^ Cicero, de Fat. 1, ad Att. 1.4, 14.7, 15.1)
- ^ Moore, David (1999). "The Pantheon". romanconcrete.com.
- ^ C. Suetonius Tranquillius. "Caius Caesar Caligula" The Lives of the Twelve Caesars, gutenberg.org. Accessed 27 February 2023.
- ^ Historia Augusta, Hadrianus 25, pp. 5-11.
- ^ Ferrari Graziano, Lamagna Raffaella. The Campanian Aqueduct stairway was rediscovered. Hypogea 2015 - International congress of speleology in artificial cavities
- ^ "Piscina Cardito, una cisterna per il foro di Puteoli". 27 January 2017.
- ^ Turismo: Pozzuoli, icampiflegrei.it. Accessed 27 February 2023.
- ^ "Italy plans for mass evacuation as quakes continue around supervolcano". The Guardian. 5 October 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-7701-2254-7.
Bibliography
- Amalfitano, Paolo, et al. (1990) I Campi Flegrei, Venezia
- Annecchino, Raimondo (1960) Storia di Pozzuoli e della zona flegrea. Pozzuoli: Arti Grafiche D. Conte
- Gianfrotta, Piero Alfredo & Maniscalco, Fabio (eds.) (1998) Forma Maris: Forum Internazionale di Archeologia Subacquea. Puteoli
- Gore, Rick (May 1984). "A Prayer For Pozzuoli". OCLC 643483454.
- Puteoli: studi di storia Romana; no. 2; 4/5
- Sommella, Paolo (1978) Forma e urbanistica di Pozzuoli romana. Pozzuoli: Azienda Autonoma di Soggiorno, Cura e Turismo di Pozzuoli
- Atti del convegno Studi e ricerche su Puteoli romana: Napoli, Centre J. Bérard, 2-3 aprile 1979. Napoli, 1984
External links
Media related to Pozzuoli at Wikimedia Commons