Pyotr Rumyantsev

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Count
Pyotr Rumyantsev
Zadunaisky
Пётр Румянцев
Namestnichestvos
In office
1782–1796
MonarchsCatherine the Great (1782–1796), Paul I (1796)
DeputyMikhail Krechetnikov (1791–1793), Iosif Igelström (1793–1794)
Preceded byoffice created
Succeeded byoffice liquidated
Personal details
Born
Pyotr Aleksandrovich Rumyantsev

(1725-01-15)15 January 1725
Field Marshal
Battles/wars
Tree List:

Count Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky

generals of the 18th century, one of the great military commanders in universal history between 1618 and 1905,[4] and is considered to be one of Russia's greatest military leaders.[5] Rumyantsev used mobile divisional squares for the first time in history as opposed to linear battle orders and initiated the formation of light (jaeger) battalions in the Russian Army, which operated in a scattered order.[6]

He governed

Vasilievsky Island (1798–1801), and a galaxy of Derzhavin
's odes.

Early life

Pyotr came from the

Rumyantsev family.[8] He was the only son of Count Alexander Rumyantsev, and was born in the village of Stroiești (modern Moldova/Transnistria),[1] by Maria, the daughter and heiress of Count Andrey Matveyev. According to other versions, he was born in Moscow, and the Moldovan version of the birth is called legendary.[2][3] As his mother spent much time in the company of Peter the Great, rumours suggested that the young Rumyantsev was the monarch's illegitimate son. He was named after the ruling Emperor who was his godfather. He was the brother of Praskovya Bruce, confidant of Catherine the Great
.

Pyotr Alexandrovich first saw military service under his nominal father in the

war with Sweden (1741–1743). He personally carried to the Empress the peace treaty of Åbo
, concluded by his father in 1743. Thereupon he gained promotion to the rank of colonel.

His first military glory dates from the great battles of the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), those of Gross-Jägersdorf (1757) and Kunersdorf (1759). In 1761 he besieged and took the Pomeranian fortress of Kolberg,[9][10] which had twice been unsuccessfully beleaguered by other Russia's commanders; thus clearing for Russian armies the path to Berlin. The siege of Kolberg of 1761 was an important milestone in the development of Russian military art. Here Rumyantsev pioneered a new tactic — the action of troops in battalion (regimental) columns, combined with a scattered formation of jaegers.[11]

First Russo-Turkish War

St. Andrew's Cathedral by Carlo Rossi
in 1818.

Throughout the reign of

New Russia
, but the choice of such a policy remained out of his control.

With the outbreak of the

Shumla in 1774, the new Sultan Abdul Hamid I started to panic and sued for peace, which Rumyanstev signed upon a military tambourine at the village of Küçük Kaynarca
.

Second Russo-Turkish War

By that point, Rumyantsev had undoubtedly become the most famous Russian commander. Other Catharinian generals, notably

Potemkin
, allegedly regarded his fame with such jealousy that they wouldn't permit him to take the command again. In times of peace, Rumyantsev expressed his innovative views on the martial art in the Instructions (1761), Customs of Military Service (1770), and the Thoughts (1777). These works provided a theoretical base for the re-organisation of the Russian army undertaken by Potemkin.

During the

Pechersk Lavra
.

As the story goes, old Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky grew enormously fat and avaricious, so that he pretended not to recognize his own sons when they came from the capital to ask for money. Under his son Sergey's administration, Tashan fell into ruins, although he erected a

Rumyantsev family
became extinct upon their death.

Awards

Rumyantsev was awarded the following honors:[6]

Gallery

  • Portrait of Field Marshal Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky.[c] Unknown artist of the late 18th century.
    Portrait of Field Marshal Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky.[c] Unknown artist of the late 18th century.
  • Portrait of Count Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky. Painting of the 1790s by Salvatore Tonci.
    Portrait of Count Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky. Painting of the 1790s by Salvatore Tonci.
  • Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev, 18th century, unknown author
    Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev, 18th century, unknown author

See also

  • Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev

Notes

  1. ^ His name Pyotr is also anglicized as Peter.
    The full name is also transliterated as Pyotr Aleksandrovich Rumyantsev-Zadunaysky.
  2. ^ Pre-1918 orthography: Петръ Александровичъ Румянцевъ-Задунайскій
  3. ^ The portrait shows Rumyantsev in a fieldmarshal's uniform with gold embroidery on the collar, sides, and sleeves. Ribbons of the Orders of St. Andrew and St. George 1st Class are worn over the caftan. On the chest of the Field Marshal are embroidered stars of these awards.
  4. ^ A number of researchers called the famous architect of the project Vasily Bazhenov, others attribute the construction to M. F. Kazakov. There is no consensus on the issue; it is possible that both the architects were involved in the project.

References

  1. ^ a b Vartichan & Andrunakievich (1982), p. 535
  2. ^ a b Korobkov 1947, p. 5.
  3. ^ a b Meerovich 1987, p. 8.
  4. ^ Bodart 1908, p. 789.
  5. ^ Longworth, Philip (1966). The Art of Victory: The Life and Achievements of Field-Marshal Suvorov, 1729-1800 (1st ed.). Holt, Rinehart & Winston. p. 28.
  6. ^ a b "РУМЯНЦЕВ-ЗАДУНАЙСКИЙ ПЁТР АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ • Great Russian Encyclopedia – Electronic version". old.bigenc.ru. 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  7. ^ Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Bezborodko, Aleksander Andreevich" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 840.
  8. ^ Kuzmin 2017.
  9. ^ Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Elizabeth Petrovna" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 285.
  10. ^ "Pyotr Aleksandrovich Rumyantsev, Count Zadunaysky | Russian military officer". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  11. ^ Tashlykov 2016.

Sources

Government offices
Preceded by
Hetman of Zaporizhian Host
Governor-General of Little Russia
1764–1781
Succeeded by
himself
as General Governor of Kiev, Chernigov and Novgorod-Siversky
Preceded by
himself
as General Governor of Little Russia
General Governor of Kiev, Chernigov, Novgorod-Siversky
1782–1796
Succeeded byas General Governor of Little Russia (Kamenets-Podolsky)
Succeeded byas General Governor of Kiev