Pyrena
endocarp which encloses the seed
A pyrena or pyrene (commonly called a "pit" or "stone") is the fruitstone within a
herbivory.[4]
While many drupes are monopyrenous, containing only one pyrene,
endocarp are typically polypyrenous drupes, containing multiple pyrenes.[5]
Development
The hardening of the endocarp of a developing drupe occurs via
biomineralisation of the endocarp. The biomineralisation of pyrenes during the life of the plant can aid the preservation of fruit remains in archaeological findings.[6][7]
Gallery
-
Cross-section of a peach, a monopyrenous drupe, cut to reveal the pyrene inside -
Pyrene of a peach dissected to reveal a single seed inside -
Pyrenes extracted from a single fruit of Crataegus punctata, a polypyrenous drupe -
X-ray of a pyrene ofElaeocarpus ganitrus revealing 10 seed-bearing loculesinside; the number of locules in E. ganitrus pyrenes is variable between individual fruits
See also
References
Bibliography
- Allué, Ethel; Cáceres, Isabel; Expósito, Isabel; Canals, Antoni; Rodríguez, Anna; Rosell, Jordi; Bermúdez de Castro, José María; Carbonell, Eudald (2015). "Celtis remains from the Lower Pleistocene of Gran Dolina, Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain)". Journal of Archaeological Science. 53: 570–577. .
- Beentje, H.; Williamson, J. (2010). The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Kew Publishing.
- Dardick, Chris; Callahan, Ann M. (2014). "Evolution of the fruit endocarp: molecular mechanisms underlying adaptations in seed protection and dispersal strategies". Frontiers in Plant Science. 5: 284. PMID 25009543.
- Eckel, P.M. (2011). "A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin". Missouri Botanical Garden.
- Hickey, M.; King, C. (2001). The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms. Cambridge University Press.
- Messager, Erwan; Badou, Aïcha; Fröhlich, François; Deniaux, Brigitte; Lordkipanidze, David; Voinchet, Pierre (2010). "Fruit and seed biomineralization and its effect on preservation" (PDF). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 2 (1): 25–34. S2CID 128691588.
- Potter, D.; Eriksson, T.; Evans, R.C.; Oh, S.; Smedmark, J.E.E.; Morgan, D.R.; Kerr, M.; Robertson, K.R.; Arsenault, M.; Dickinson, T.A.; Campbell, C.S. (2007). "Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266 (1–2): 5–43. S2CID 16578516.
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