Pyrophosphoric acid
Names | |
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IUPAC names
Diphosphoric acid
μ-oxido-bis(dihydroxidooxidophosphorus) | |
Other names
Pyrophosphoric acid
Phosphonophosphoric acid Phosphono dihydrogenphosphate | |
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.017.795 |
IUPHAR/BPS |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
H4P2O7 | |
Molar mass | 177.97 g/mol |
Melting point | 71.5 °C (160.7 °F; 344.6 K) |
Extremely soluble | |
Solubility | Very soluble in alcohol, ether |
Conjugate base
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Pyrophosphate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Pyrophosphoric acid, also known as diphosphoric acid, is the inorganic compound with the formula H4P2O7 or, more descriptively, [(HO)2P(O)]2O. Colorless and odorless, it is soluble in
.Preparation
It can be prepared by reaction of phosphoric acid with phosphoryl chloride:[2]
- 5 H3PO4 + POCl3 → 3 H4P2O7 + 3 HCl
It can also be prepared by ion exchange from sodium pyrophosphate or by treating lead pyrophosphate with hydrogen sulfide.[1]
Boiling the water from
Reactions
Pyrophosphoric acid is a tetraprotic acid, with four distinct pKa's:[4]
- H4P2O7 ⇌ [H3P2O7]− + H+, pKa = 0.85
- [H3P2O7]− ⇌ [H2P2O7]2− + H+, pKa = 1.96
- [H2P2O7]2− ⇌ [HP2O7]3− + H+, pKa = 6.60
- [HP2O7]3− ⇌ [P2O7]4− + H+, pKa = 9.41
The pKa's occur in two distinct ranges because deprotonations occur on separate phosphate groups. For comparison with the pKa's for phosphoric acid are 2.14, 7.20, and 12.37.
At physiological pH's, pyrophosphate exists as a mixture of doubly and singly protonated forms.
When molten, pyrophosphoric acid rapidly converts to an equilibrium mixture of phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acids. The percentage by weight of pyrophosphoric acid is around 40% and it is difficult to recrystallise from the melt.
Even in cold water, pyrophosphoric acid hydrolyses to phosphoric acid. All polyphosphoric acids behave similarly.[5]
- H4P2O7 + H2O → 2 H3PO4
Safety
While pyrophosphoric acid is corrosive, it is not known to be otherwise toxic.[6]
History
The name pyrophosphoric acid was given by a "Mr. Clarke of Glasgow" in 1827 who is credited with its discovery following the heating to red heat of a
See also
- Disulfuric acid
- Sodium pyrophosphate
- Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease
- Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate
- ADP
- ATP
- Ortho acids
- triphosphoric acid
References
- ^ S2CID 246266565.
- ^ R. Klement (1963). "Condensed Orthophosphates". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 546.
- ISBN 978-3-319-17081-7, retrieved 2023-02-11
- PMID 34603734.
- ISBN 0-444-89307-5.
- ^ Material Safety Data Sheet: Pyrophosphoric acid MSDS www.sciencelab.com
- ^ Beck, Lewis Caleb (1834). A Manual of Chemistry: Containing a Condensed View of the Present State of the Science, with Copious References to More Extensive Treatises, Original Papers, Etc. E.W & C Skinner. p. 160. Retrieved January 30, 2015.