Qakare Ini
Qakare Ini | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Kakare, Qaikare; In(tef), Ini(tef), Sa-Ra-Ini | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pharaoh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reign | early 20th century BCE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dynasty | 12th Dynasty |
Qakare Ini (also Intef) was an
12th Dynasty
over Lower Nubia. Although he is the best attested Nubian ruler of this time period, nothing is known of his activities.
Attestations
Qakare Ini is the best attested of a series of coeval Nubian rulers including
Toshka, all in Lower Nubia.[3][4] These inscriptions record Qakare Ini's titulary, sometimes only a cartouche, and never give any more details. In the case of the inscription from Toshka, Qakare Ini's name is inscribed next to that of Iyibkhentre. However, the Egyptologist Darrell Baker proposed that this was due to the lack of space on the rock rather than pointing to a connection between the two rulers.[3] Thus, the relationships between Qakare Ini and the other two Nubian rulers of the period, Segerseni and Iyibkhentre
, remain unknown.
Qakare Ini is not attested on any Egyptian king list.[3]
Name
Qakare's personal name is Ini although in literature he is sometimes reported as Intef or Initef; curiously, the epithet son of Ra is placed inside the cartouche, thus rendering his name Sa-Ra-Ini.
Datation
Qakare Ini could have been a
First Intermediate Period
, it is possible that Qakare Ini was one of the last Nubian chieftains to resist the return of the Egyptians at the beginning of the 12th Dynasty.
Hungarian
Second Intermediate Period, between 1730 and 1650 BCE.[6] This is rejected by Darrell Baker and the Czech archeologist Zbyněk Žába who believe that Qakare Ini lived concurrently with the end of the 11th Dynasty in the late 20th century BCE.[3][7]
References
- ^ ISBN 3-8053-2310-7, pp. 80-81.
- ISBN 0-948695-24-2, pp. 54–55.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 140–141
- ^ Günther Roeder, Debod bis Bab Kalabsche, II, Institut Français d'Archaeologie Orientale, Cairo 1911, pls. 118-121, available online here
- ^ Wolfram Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of ancient Egypt: history, archaeology and society. London, Duckworth Egyptology, 2006, pp. 27-28.
- ISBN 978-90-04-17197-8, pp. 100–102.
- ^ Zbyněk Žába: Rock Inscriptions of Lower Nubia (Czechoslovak Concession), Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology, Prague, 1974.
- BIFAO9 (1911), pp. 99–136.
- ISBN 3-491-96053-3, p. 74.
- Arthur Weigall, A Report on the Antiquities of Lower Nubia. Cairo 1907, pls. 64-65.