Qal'at Bustra

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Qal'at Bustra
Qal'at Bustra is located in Lebanon
Qal'at Bustra
Shown within Lebanon
Alternative nameQalat Bustra, Qalaat Bustra, Harviya[1]
RegionLebanon
Coordinates33°17′12″N 35°40′08″E / 33.2866°N 35.6688°E / 33.2866; 35.6688
Typefarmhouse and Roman temple
History
PeriodsAncient Rome
Site notes
ArchaeologistsShim'on Dar
ConditionRuins

Qal'at Bustra or Qalat Bustra is an

Sheba Farms region of the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, about 5 km ENE of Ghajar.[1][2] It is situated on a peak of height 786m with a panoramic westward view.[1] Qal'at Bustr (that means "castle at Bustra") is believed to be an ancient Roman sanctuary and was excavated by Israeli archaeologists. Remains found at the site include a farmhouse and temple dating from the Hellenistic and Roman period.[1][3]

History

Archaeological surveys were first made in 1970–1972, who named the place Harviya.

Roman period.[4] A farmhouse and temple discovered at the site have been dated to the Hellenistic and Roman periods (third century BCE to third-fourth centuries CE).[1]

The farmstead is located at the center of a large farmyard,[1] surrounded by well-built stone walls. It has many rooms that served different purposes.[1] A villa-like structure contained a tower which is still visible.[1] The surrounding farmland counts remains of many structures, including buildings, walls.[1] Water cisterns with unusually large capacity for the region were found.[1]

At the highest point of the peak, there are the remains a Roman temple covering about 100 square meters.[1] Only the foundations, the foundation stones, and one course of stones are preserved.[1] Discoveries in the temenos of the temple included eleven coins that were dated between the third century BCE and the third century CE.[2] One was dated to the reign of Herod Antipas.[5] Parts of a marble statue that include a male foot wearing a sandal was also recovered; it was probably a local deity worshipped at the temple.[1][6] A collection of snails were also found.[7] Various animal bones were discovered and dated to the 5th century CE including sheep, goats, cattle and a chicken.[8][9]

The farmhouse is similar to others in the mount Hermon's area.[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Shimon Dar (1993). Settlements and Cult Sites on Mount Hermon, Israel. BAR International Series 589. TEMPVS REPARATVM. pp. 93–103.
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-521-51887-1
    . Retrieved 21 September 2012.
  3. ISBN 978-9004167353
    .
  4. ISBN 9781139484817
    .
  5. ISBN 978-3-16-150362-7
    . Retrieved 21 September 2012.
  6. ^ Dar, S. and Gersht, R., A sculpted right foot wearing a sandal, from Qal'at Bustra in the Hermon. Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 12 (1992-1993) 45-51.
  7. ^ "Mienis, H.K., Note on a small collection of land snails recovered during the excavation of Qal'at Bustra, Mount Hermon, Israel. The Papustyla, 8 (3): 15., 1994". Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2012-09-21.
  8. ^ Horwitz L.K., n.d. Animal Remains from Qalat Bustra (Unpublished Report submitted to the IAA). Jerusalem.
  9. ^ Horwitz, Liora., Diachronic patterns of animal exploitation in the Sinai Peninsula, PhD Thesis for Tel Aviv University, 2005.
  10. ^ Roman Bustra, with map at pg.642

External links

  • Qal'at Bustra site record, in the Digital Archaeological Atlas of the Holy Land.
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