Qanun (law)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Qanun is an

Muslim jurists.[5]
It is thus frequently translated as "dynastic law."

History

The idea of qanun entered the Muslim World in the thirteenth century, borrowed from the Mongol Empire following their invasions.[6] The 10th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Suleiman was known in the Ottoman Empire as Suleiman Kanuni ("the Lawgiver"), due to the laws he promulgated.

After the fall of the

Umar I (586–644 CE).[7] Many of the regulations covered by Qanun were based on financial matters or tax systems adapted through the law and regulations of territories Islam had conquered.[7]

Kanun took on significant importance during the period of modernization in the Ottoman Empire. Kanun and sharia did not contradict each other concerning administrative matters and so kanun was assimilated easily into Ottoman regulatory functions. Kanun promulgated by Ottoman sultans was used for financial and penal law. Under Sultan

grand mufti of Istanbul from 1545 to 1574, kanun was expanded to deal with matters concerning property rights. Previously, property rights had been exclusively under the jurisdiction of sharia. Despite that seeming contradiction, skillful bureaucrats allowed kanun and sharia to coexist harmoniously. The kanun retained its relevance in the Middle East regarding civil, commercial, administrative and penal laws. It influences the ways that sharia is reproduced.[8]

Etymology

The term ḳānūn derives itself from the Greek word κανών. Originally having the less abstract meaning of "any straight rod," it later referred to any "measure or rule" in Greek. The word was then translated into and adopted by Arabic after the Ottoman Empire's conquest of Egypt under Sultan Selim I (ca. 1516). In the Ottoman Empire, the term still carried the word's original meanings of a system of tax regulation. However, it later came to also refer to "code of regulations" or "state law," a well-defined secular distinction to "Muslim law," known as sharia.

See also

Notes

  1. romanized: kanōn, which is also the root for the modern English word "canon"[1][2][3][4]

References

  1. Perseus Project
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  2. .
  3. .
  4. ^ "canon". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  5. ^ Vikør, Knut S. (2014). "Sharīʿah". In Emad El-Din Shahin (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  6. .
  7. ^ a b c Berg, Herbert. "Islamic Law." Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History 3 (2005): 1030. In History Reference Center [database online]. Available from Snowden Library. Retrieved February 11, 2008.
  8. ^ Linant de Bellefonds, Y., Cahen, Cl., İnalcık, Halil, and Ed. "Ḳānūn." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Ed. P. Bearman et al. Brill Reference Online. Web. 12 Mar. 2018.