Kuruş

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Current Turkish 50 kuruş coin

Kuruş (

Amharic, Turkish and Greek) and the different transcriptions into the Latin alphabet. In European languages, the kuruş was known as the piastre.[2]

Today the kuruş (pl. kuruşlar) is a Turkish currency subunit, with one

2005 revaluation of the lira. Until the 1844 subdivision of the former Ottoman gold lira, the kuruş was the standard unit of currency within the Ottoman Empire, and was subdivided into 40 para or 120 akçe
.

Name

See also: Croeseid and Achaemenid coinage
Old Persian: 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 Dārayavaʰuš), circa 545–520 BC. It only weighs 8.06 grams, compared to the standard 10.7 grams of the original Croeseid minted by King Croesus of Lydia, which was the world's first gold coin.[3]

The use of the name Kuruş as a currency denomination for coinage goes back to the 6th century BC, dating to the time of the

Old Persian: 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 Kūruš), the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, who defeated King Croesus and conquered Lydia with the Battle of Thymbra
in 547 BC. Cyrus (Kūruš) made the Croeseid the standard gold coin of his vast empire, using the same lion and bull design, but with a reduced weight (8.06 grams, instead of the standard 10.7 grams of the original version issued by King Croesus) due to the need for larger amounts of these coins, for a much larger population.

The modern

Latin grossus ("thick").[citation needed] It is cognate with the German Groschen and Hungarian
garas.

History

The Ottoman kuruş was introduced in 1688. It was initially a large

French écu, or, from other sources, to the Spanish dollar. It was worth 40 para. In 1844, following sustained debasement, the gold lira was introduced, worth 100 kuruş. During the late 18th to early 19th centuries it was further reduced to a billon
coin weighing less than 3 grams.

As the Ottoman Empire broke up, several successor states retained the kuruş as a denomination. These included Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Lebanon and Turkey itself. Others, including Jordan and Sudan, adopted the kuruş as a denomination when they established their own currencies.

At the beginning of the 19th century, silver coins were in circulation for 1 akçe, 1, 5, 10 and 20 para, 1, 2 and 2+1⁄2 kuruş, together with gold coins denominated in zeri mahbub and altin. As the silver coins were debased, other denominations appeared: 30 para, 1+1⁄2, 3, 5 and 6 kuruş. The final coinage issued before the currency reform consisted of billon 1, 10 and 20 para, and silver 1+1⁄2, 3 and 6 kuruş.

In 1844, the Turkish gold lira was introduced as the new standard denomination. It was divided into 100 silver kuruş and the kuruş continued to circulate until the 1970s.

Kuruş eventually became obsolete due to the chronic inflation in Turkey in the late 1970s. A currency reform on 1 January 2005 provided its return as 1⁄100 of the new lira.

See also

References

  1. ISBN 0-550-10105-5
    .
  2. ^ a b A Handbook of Cyprus, p. 111
  3. ^ Classical Numismatic Group

Bibliography

  • Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991).
    ISBN 0873411501
    .

External links
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