Queen Anne style architecture

The Queen Anne style of British architecture refers to either the

embodies entirely different styles.

Overview

With respect to

on the front formal elevation.

Colours were made to contrast with carefully chosen red brick for the walls, with details in a lighter stone that is often rather richly carved.

William and Mary

. Here, it harmonized well with the remaining Tudor parts of the palace. This highly visible example probably influenced many others.

The architectural historian

• a sweep of steps leading to a carved stone door-case
• rows of painted sash windows in boxes set flush with the brickwork
• stone
  quoins
  emphasizing corners
• a central triangular pediment set against a hipped roof with dormers
• typically box-like "double pile" plans, two rooms deep

When using the revived "Queen Anne style" of the 19th and 20th centuries, the historical reference in the name should not be taken at all literally, as buildings said to be in the "Queen Anne style" in other parts of the

is a wholly different style, as in Australia, and normally includes no elements typical of the actual architecture of Queen Anne's reign, the names being devised for marketing purposes.

British Queen Anne Revival

in the 1870s. Norman Shaw published a book of architectural sketches as early as 1858, and his evocative pen-and-ink drawings began to appear in trade journals and artistic magazines in the 1870s. American commercial builders quickly adopted the style.

Shaw's eclectic designs often included Tudor elements, and this "Old English" style also became popular in the United States, where it became known (inaccurately) as the Queen Anne style. Confusion between buildings constructed during the reign of Queen Anne and the "Queen Anne" style persists, especially in England.

British Victorian Queen Anne architecture empathises more closely with the Arts and Crafts movement than its American counterpart. A good example is Severalls Hospital in Colchester, Essex (1913–1997), which is now defunct.

The historical precedents of the architectural style were broad and several:

• fine brickwork, often in a warmer, softer finish than the Victorians characteristically used, varied with terracotta panels or tile-hung upper storeys, with crisply-painted white woodwork or blond limestone detailing
• oriel windows, often stacked one above another
• corner towers
• asymmetrical fronts and picturesque massing
• Flemish mannerist sunken panels of strapwork
• deeply shadowed entrances
• broad porches
• overall, a domesticated free Renaissance style

In the 20th century, Edwin Lutyens and others used an elegant version of the style, usually with red-brick walls contrasting with pale stone details.

New World Queen Anne Revival

United States

In the United States, "Queen Anne" is used to describe a wide range of picturesque buildings with "free Renaissance" (non-

, is broadly applied to architecture, furniture, and decorative arts of the period 1880 to 1910; some "Queen Anne" architectural elements, such as the wraparound front porch, continued to be found into the 1920s.

The gabled and domestically scaled style arrived in New York City with the new housing for the New York House and School of Industry

Australia

In Australia the influence of

The style often used Tudor-style woodwork and elaborate fretwork that replaced the Victorian taste for wrought iron. Verandahs were usually a feature, as were the image of the rising sun and Australian wildlife, plus circular windows, turrets, and towers with conical or pyramid-shaped roofs.

The first Queen Anne house in Australia was Caerleon in the suburb of Bellevue Hill, Sydney.^[8] Caerleon was designed initially by a Sydney architect, Harry Kent, but was then substantially reworked in London by Maurice Adams.^[9] This led to some controversy over who deserved the credit. The house was built in 1885 and was the precursor for the Federation Queen Anne house that was to become so popular. The APA Building in the Melbourne central business district was an example of the Queen Anne style being used for non-residential purposes. However, at some stage, the building may have been apartments. It was demolished in 1981 after the modernism boom in Melbourne took off – factors that sealed its demolition included rapacious development, lax heritage attitudes in Australian cities, and the owner's decision to argue for a demolition permit, which was granted.

Caerleon was followed soon after by West Maling, in the suburb of Penshurst, New South Wales,^[10] and Annesbury, in the suburb of Ashfield, both built circa 1888. Although built around the same time, these houses had distinct styles, West Maling displaying a robust Tudor influence that was not present in Annesbury. The style became increasingly popular, appealing predominantly to reasonably well-off people with an "Establishment" leaning.^[11]

The style as it developed in Australia was highly eclectic, blending Queen Anne elements with various Australian influences. Old English characteristics like ribbed chimneys and gabled roofs were combined with Australian aspects like encircling verandahs, designed to keep the sun out. One outstanding example of this eclectic approach is

, featuring extended verandahs. This style generally incorporated familiar Queen Anne elements, but usually in simplified form.

Some prominent examples are:^[12]

• King Georges Road, Penshurst
  , Sydney
• Homes, Appian Way, Burwood, Sydney
• Homes, Haberfield, Sydney
• Caerleon, 15 Ginahgulla Road, Bellevue Hill, Sydney^[13][14]
• Annesbury, 78 Alt Street, Ashfield, Sydney^[15]
• Barrack Street, Perth
• Fitzroy North
  , Melbourne
• Campion College, Studley Park Road, Kew, Melbourne^[16]
• Redcourt Estate, Armadale, Melbourne
• Tay Creggan, Hawthorn, Melbourne^[17]

Gallery

• 
  West Maling, Penshurst, New South Wales (NSW)
• 
  'Amalfi', 2 Appian Way, Burwood, NSW
• 
  'Vallambrosa', 19 Appian Way, Burwood, NSW
• 
  Appian Way, Burwood, NSW
• 
  The Manse, Haberfield
• 
  Caerleon, Bellevue Hill, Sydney, NSW
• 
  Weld Club, Perth, WA
• 
  Queen Bess Row in

  East Melbourne
• 
  Redcourt, Armadale, Victoria
• 
  Edzell Mansion, Toorak Victoria
• 
  Carramar House in Parkside, South Australia

See also

• Queen Anne style furniture
• Revivalism (architecture)
• Stuart architecture
  • Ramsbury Manor, Wiltshire
  • Restoration style
  • The Vyne, Hampshire

• Maison Joseph-Gauvreau

References

Further reading

• Girouard, Mark, Sweetness and Light: The Queen Anne Movement, 1860–1900, Yale University Press, 1984. The primary survey of the movement.
• Macquoid, Percy, Age of Walnut, 1904.
• The Shingle Style and the Stick Style: Architectural Theory and Design from Downing to the Origins of Wright, revised edition, Yale University Press, 1971.
• Rifkind, Carole. A Field Guide to American Architecture. Penguin Books, New York, 1980.
• Whiffen, Marcus. American Architecture Since 1780. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1999.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Queen Anne architecture.

• Photography of Queen Anne Style Homes in Hamilton, Ontario
• [Federation Queen Anne Style
• Gothic Queen Anne Style