Queen Anne style architecture in the United States
Queen Anne style architecture was one of a number of popular Victorian architectural styles that emerged in the United States during the period from roughly 1880 to 1910.[2] Popular there during this time, it followed the Second Empire and Stick styles and preceded the Richardsonian Romanesque and Shingle styles. Sub-movements of Queen Anne include the Eastlake movement.
The style bears almost no relationship to the original
The American style covers a wide range of picturesque buildings with "free Renaissance" (non-
The term "Queen Anne", as an alternative both to the French-derived
Overview
Queen Anne style buildings in the United States came into vogue during the 1880s, replacing the French-derived Second Empire as the 'style of the moment'. The popularity of high Queen Anne style waned in the early 1900s, but some elements continued to be found on buildings into the 1920s, such as the wrap-around front porch (often L-shaped).[citation needed]
Distinctive features of the American Queen Anne style may include:[3]
- asymmetricalfaçade
- dominant front-facing gable, often cantilevered beyond the plane of the wall below
- overhanging eaves
- round, square, or polygonaltowers
- shaped and Dutch gables
- a porch covering part or all of the front façade, including the primary entrance area
- a second-story porch or balconies
- pedimented porches
- differing wall textures, such as patterned wood shingles shaped into varying designs, including resembling fish scales, terra cotta tiles, reliefpanels, or wooden shingles over brickwork, etc.
- dentils
- classical columns
- spindle work
- oriel and bay windows
- horizontal bands of leaded windows
- monumental chimneys
- painted balustrades
- wooden or slate roofs
- front gardens with wooden fences
Examples
The
Gabled and domestically scaled, these early American Queen Anne homes were built of warm, soft brick enclosing square terracotta panels, with an arched side passage leading to an inner court and back house. Their detailing is largely confined to the treatment of picturesquely disposed windows, with small-paned upper sashes and plate glass lower ones. Triple windows of a Serlian motif and a two-story oriel window that projects asymmetrically were frequently featured.[5]
The most famous American Queen Anne residence is the
Free Classic
After 1885, use of
Queen Anne cottage
Smaller and somewhat plainer houses can also be Queen Anne. The William G. Harrison House is an example, built in 1904 in rural Nashville, Georgia. Characteristics of the Queen Anne cottage style are:
- one or two story frame house (second floor where one exists, is a finished attic)
- wrap-around porch with turned posts, decorative brackets, and spindle work
- square layout with projecting gables to front and side
- pyramidal or hipped roof reflecting pyramidal massing
- rooms are asymmetrical and there is no central hallway
- interior-located chimneys
- interior detailing, such as door surrounds, window surrounds, mantels
- built in 1880s and 1890s for middle class in both urban and rural areas, with popularity in rural areas continuing into early 1900s.[7][8]
Shingle style
The Shingle style in America was made popular by the rise of the New England school of architecture, which eschewed the highly ornamented patterns of the
The shingle-style also conveyed a sense of the house as continuous volume. This effect—of the building as an envelope of space, rather than a great mass, was enhanced by the visual tautness of the flat shingled surfaces, the horizontal shape of many shingle-style houses, and the emphasis on horizontal continuity, both in exterior details and in the flow of spaces within the houses.[citation needed]
McKim, Mead and White and
Many of the concepts of the Shingle style were adopted by
See also
References
- ^ a b "Carson House". Historic American Building Surveys, Engineering Records, Landscape Surveys, Prints and Photographs Online Catalog. Library of Congress. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
- ^ McAlester, Virginia & Lee, A Field Guide to American Houses, Alfred H. Knopf, New York, 1984, p. 262–287.
- ^ "Queen Anne Style". buffaloah.com.
- ^ The New York House and School of Industry was absorbed in 1951 by Greenwich House, a more extensive privately funded social services agency.
- ^ Christopher Gray, "Streetscapes: The New York House and School of Industry; Where the Poor Learned 'Plain and Fine Sewing'", The New York Times, September 6, 1987 Accessed 19 August 2008.
- ^ "The Queen Anne: Victorian Architecture and Décor". Old House Online. December 29, 2010. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
- ^ Sharp, Leslie N. (December 21, 1994). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: William G. Harrison House / Eulalie Taylor House". United States: National Park Service. Retrieved August 23, 2016. with 10 photos (see photo captions in text document).
- ^ Cloues, Richard (2006). "House types". United States: New Georgia Encyclopedia. (summarizes from 1991 Georgia's Living Places: Historic Houses in Their Landscaped Settings.)
External links
- Media related to Queen Anne architecture in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
- Queen Anne – Architectural Styles of America