RMS Viceroy of India
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2013) |
1935 postcard of Viceroy of India in civilian service
| |
History | |
---|---|
United Kingdom | |
Name | RMS Viceroy of India |
Namesake | Viceroy & Governor-General of India |
Owner | P&O Steam Navigation Co[1] |
Operator | P&O Steam Navigation Co |
Port of registry | Glasgow[1] |
Route | Tilbury — Bombay[4] |
Builder | Alexander Stephen and Sons, Glasgow[1] |
Cost | £1,090,987 |
Yard number | 519[3] |
Laid down | April 1927[citation needed] |
Launched | 15 September 1928[3] |
Christened | By Dorothy, Countess of Halifax, wife of the Viceroy of India[citation needed ] |
Completed | March 1929[1] |
Maiden voyage | 7 March 1929[citation needed] |
In service | 7 March 1929 |
Out of service | 11 November 1942 |
Homeport | Tilbury |
Identification |
|
Fate | Sunk 11 November 1942 by U-407[5] |
General characteristics | |
Type | Ocean liner |
Tonnage | |
Length |
|
Beam | 76.2 ft (23.2 m)[1] |
Draught | 28 ft 2.75 in (8.60 m)[1] |
Depth | 41.5 ft (12.6 m)[1] |
Decks | 5 |
Installed power | |
Propulsion |
|
Speed | 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph)[6] or 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)[4] |
Capacity |
|
Crew |
|
Sensors and processing systems | direction finding equipment[1] |
RMS Viceroy of India was an
Building
P&O ordered the ship from Alexander Stephen and Sons of Glasgow in 1927. She was originally to be called Taj Mahal,[3] after the 17th-century mausoleum of Mumtaz Mahal in Agra. She was laid down in April 1927, launched in September 1928 and completed in March 1929. She cost £1,090,987[7]
She had six
Each turbo-generator ran at 2,690–3,110 RPM, producing three-phase current at 2,720 volts and rated at 900 kW. Each propeller shaft was driven by two three-phase 3,150 volt electric motors running at 109 RPM and giving 8,500 shp (6,300 kW) per shaft. At reduced power of up to 11,600 shp (8,700 kW) only one turbo-generator was needed to supply current to both motors, thus maximising fuel economy.
The accommodation aboard was considered luxurious by the standards of the era. The first class state rooms were especially so, but standards were high in all classes on this ship. All cabins were single berth with interconnecting doors, with extra rooms for servants who often travelled with colonial families. Her onboard amenities also included the then unusual luxury of an indoor swimming pool. Much of the interior decoration was designed by the Honourable Elsie Mackay, youngest daughter of James Mackay, 1st Earl of Inchcape,[7] who was the chairman of P&O from 1914 until his death in 1932.
Viceroy of India carried cargo as well as passengers, and her holds were refrigerated for carrying perishables.[1]
Launch and commissioning
The ship was launched as Viceroy of India on 15 September 1928 by Dorothy, Countess of Halifax, the wife of the
Fitting out at Shieldhall Wharf, Glasgow, began on 8 January 1929. Viceroy of India was finished in P&O's traditional colours: her hull black with a white band, her boot topping red, her upper works and lifeboats buff, her large vents black, her small vents buff and her two funnels black.[8][9]
During fitting out she was damaged
P&O turbo-electric ships
Viceroy of India was Britain's first large
P&Os first experiences of turbo-electric propulsion led the company to specify the same form of transmission for a pair of liners[11] that it ordered in 1930: RMS Strathnaver (completed in 1931) and RMS Strathaird (completed in 1932). Each "Strath" was only about 2,600 GRT bigger than Viceroy of India but they produced about 77% more power, which made them about 3 knots (5.6 km/h) faster than Viceroy of India.
Civilian service
Viceroy of India was handed over to P&O on 7 March 1929 and made her maiden voyage on the Indian mail route. Viceroy of India was also suited for leisure cruises, which she made every year until the outbreak of World War II in September 1939.[7]
On 9 August 1929, she collided with the tug Olanda at Venice, Italy. Olanda was beached after the collision.[12]
On 23 November 1929 Viceroy of India rescued 25 crew members from the Italian cargo steamship Maria Luisa, which sank in the eastern Mediterranean[7] off the coast of Egypt.
In February 1930 Viceroy of India was berthed in Bombay when the 6,070
Later in 1930 Viceroy of India twice assisted the Greek cargo steamship Theodoros Bulgaris in the Bay of Biscay. In September she stood by when Theodoros Bulgaris' cargo of grain shifted in storms and the Greek merchantman's crew were transferred to another vessel. On 31 December 1930 Theodoros Bulgararis sank, and Viceroy of India rescued all of the crew.[7]
In September 1932, Viceroy of India set a new record time between London and Bombay of 17 days, 1 hour, 42 minutes.[7]
On 5 September 1935 the Cunard White Star liner Doric and the Chargeurs Réunis cargo steamship Formigny collided off Cape Finisterre. Doric stayed afloat but her 736 passengers were transferred to other ships as a precaution; 241 of them were transferred to Viceroy of India.[7]
In February 1939, Viceroy of India cruised to the South Atlantic, where she became the first P&O liner to visit the island of Tristan da Cunha.[7]
On 11 August 1940 the Bank Line cargo ship Testbank collided with the Shaw, Savill & Albion liner Ceramic in the South Atlantic off Walvis Bay. Both ships stayed afloat, but Ceramic's 279 passengers were transferred to Viceroy of India as a precaution.[7]
War service and sinking
On 12 November 1940 the Ministry of War Transport requisitioned Viceroy of India to be a troopship.[5] She returned to the River Clyde for the conversion.[7]
In 1942 Viceroy of India sailed in
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Lloyd's Register of Shipping (PDF). London: Lloyd's Register. 1930. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ Lloyd's Register, Steamers & Motorships (PDF). London: Lloyd's Register. 1934. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "SS Viceroy of India". Clydebuilt database. Clydeships.co.uk. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
- ^ a b c Talbot-Booth 1942, p. 368
- ^ a b c d e f g h Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2013). "Viceroy of India". uboat.net: Ships hit by U-boats. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ Harnack 1938, p. 560.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Viceroy of India (1929)" (PDF). Fact Sheet. P&O Heritage. June 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
- ^ Talbot-Booth 1942, pp. 534–535.
- ^ Harnack 1938, p. 559.
- ^ Harnack 1938, pp. 83–84.
- ^ Harnack 1938, p. 303.
- ^ "Casualty reports". The Times. No. 45279. London. 12 August 1929. col G, p. 20.
References
- Harnack, Edwin P (1938) [1903]. All About Ships & Shipping (7th ed.). London: Faber and Faber.
- Talbot-Booth, EC (1942) [1936]. Ships and the Sea (Seventh ed.). London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co Ltd.