Post-transcriptional modification
This is missing information about sections for RNA other than mRNA.(October 2020) |
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Transcriptional modification or co-transcriptional modification is a set of biological processes common to most eukaryotic cells by which an RNA primary transcript is chemically altered following transcription from a gene to produce a mature, functional RNA molecule that can then leave the nucleus and perform any of a variety of different functions in the cell.[1] There are many types of post-transcriptional modifications achieved through a diverse class of molecular mechanisms.
One example is the conversion of precursor
Post-transcriptional modifications may also occur during the processing of other transcripts which ultimately become transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, or any of the other types of RNA used by the cell.
mRNA processing
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5' processing
Capping
Capping of the pre-mRNA involves the addition of
3' processing
Cleavage and polyadenylation
The pre-mRNA processing at the 3' end of the RNA molecule involves cleavage of its 3' end and then the addition of about 250
Introns Splicing
RNA splicing is the process by which
Histone mRNA processing
Histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the core of a
Histone variants, such as
See also
References
- PMID 11447102.
- ^ Berg, Tymoczko & Stryer 2007, p. 836
- ^ ISSN 2002-4436.
- PMID 10589710.
- ^ a b Hames & Hooper 2006, p. 221
- ISBN 978-981-4581-85-1.
- ISBN 978-0-7167-7601-7.
- ^ PMID 18927579.
Further reading
- Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, ISBN 978-0-7167-6766-4.
- Hames D, Hooper N (2006). Instant Notes Biochemistry. Vol. 58 (3 ed.). )
- Sun WJ, Li JH, Liu S, Wu J, Zhou H, Qu LH, Yang JH (January 2016). "RMBase: a resource for decoding the landscape of RNA modifications from high-throughput sequencing data". Nucleic Acids Research. 44 (D1): D259-65. PMID 26464443.
- Machnicka MA, Milanowska K, Osman Oglou O, Purta E, Kurkowska M, Olchowik A, Januszewski W, Kalinowski S, Dunin-Horkawicz S, Rother KM, Helm M, Bujnicki JM, Grosjean H (January 2013). "MODOMICS: a database of RNA modification pathways--2013 update". Nucleic Acids Research. 41 (Database issue): D262-7. PMID 23118484.
- Cantara WA, Crain PF, Rozenski J, McCloskey JA, Harris KA, Zhang X, Vendeix FA, Fabris D, Agris PF (January 2011). "The RNA Modification Database, RNAMDB: 2011 update". Nucleic Acids Research. 39 (Database issue): D195-201. PMID 21071406.
- Post-Transcriptional+RNA+Modification at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)