Rabkrin
The People's Commissariat of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection, also known as Rabkrin (
Beginnings
On February 7, 1920, the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union established the Rabkrin to succeed the People’s Commissariat for State Control. The term "Rabkrin" comes from the Russian title, Narodniy Kommissariat Raboche-Krestyanskoy Inspekciyi, the People’s Commissariat of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate.[1] Rabkrin was put in place to ensure the effectiveness of the newly-created Soviet government, which had experienced bureaucratic turmoil beginning with the Russian Revolution and had continued into the Russian Civil War.[2]
The People’s Commissariat for State Control was a key institute for creating the Soviet Union, but its mismanagement of bureaucratic control led Vladimir Lenin to disband the council and to replace it with a more manageable division of government authority. The former commissar of the People’s Commissariat for State Control, Joseph Stalin, was placed in charge of the newly-formed agency, Rabkrin, which was to signal a new beginning of Soviet administration. Since it was a creation of the Soviet Union, it had no connection to the Russian Empire.[3]
Under Lenin and Stalin
The German biographer Isaac Deutscher described Rabkrin as follows:
"The Rabkrin... was set up to control every branch of the administration, from top to bottom, with a view to eliminating the two major faults, inefficiency and corruption, which the Soviet civil service had inherited from its Tsarist predecessor. It was to act as the stern and enlightened auditor for the whole rickety and creaking governmental machine; to expose abuses of power and red tape; and to train an élite of reliable civil servants for every branch of the government. The [Rabkrin] acted through teams of workers and peasants who were free at any time to enter the offices of any Commissariat and watch the work done there.... The whole bizarre scheme of inspection was one of Lenin's pet ideas. Exasperated by the inefficiency and dishonesty of the civil service, he sought to remedy them by extreme and ruthless "control from below," and the [Rabkrin] was to be the means.... The mill of officialdom, however, turned the workers themselves into bureaucrats. The Commissariat of the Inspectorate, as Lenin was to discover later on, became an additional source of muddle, corruption, and bureaucratic intrigue. In the end it became an unofficial but meddlesome police in charge of the civil service."[4]
During its first three years of operation, Rabkrin was crucial in the development of the growing communist state. The Central Bureau of Complaints (
After Lenin died in 1924, Stalin's rise to power saw the Complaints Bureau become a more sinister tool for the new leader. The Complaints Bureau was now used as a channel to encourage Soviet citizens to provide detailed accounts, including evidence and witnesses, of functionaries opposing the state or being part of
In 1929, the Complaints Bureau was combined with the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions Complaint Bureau, another Soviet administrative establishment that was in charge of worker unionization. The merger led to a rise in complaints from both agriculture and industrial sectors[6] until 1934,[7] the year of the abolition of Rabkrin.
Constant investigations into Vensenkha's industrial efficiency led to claims from Rabkrin of neglect and deception. However, many of the reports were falsified, which typified the chaotic nature of Soviet bureaucratic control.
Within the
End
From November 1930 to October 1931,
At the
Rabkrin is remembered for its restrictions and its confrontations with other Soviet establishments, but under Stalin’s reign, it met limited success in assisting in the creation of the Soviet economy.[14]
People's Commissars of the Workers' and Peasants Inspection of the RSFSR[15]
- Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (February 24, 1920 – May 6, 1922)
- Alexander Dmitrievich Tsyurupa (May 6, 1922 – April 28, 1923)
- Valerian Vladimirovich Kuibyshev (April 28 – July 6, 1923)
- Aleksey Semyonovich Kiselyov (July 7, 1923 – February 2, 1924)
- Nikolai Mikhailovich Shvernik (February 2, 1924 – November 30, 1925)
- Nikifor Ilyich Ilyin (November 30, 1925 – March 10, 1934)
People's Commissars of the Workers and Peasants Inspection of the USSR[15]
- Valerian Vladimirovich Kuibyshev (July 6, 1923 – August 5, 1926)
- Grigoriy Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze (November 5, 1926 – November 10, 1930)
- Andrey Andreevich Andreyev (November 22, 1930 – October 9, 1931)
- Jan Ernestovich Rudzutak (October 9, 1931 – February 11, 1934)
See also
References
- ^ Rees, E.A. State Control in Soviet Russia: The Rise and Fall of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate, 1920-1934. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1987. 20-25.
- ^ Kuromiya, Hiroaki. Stalin’s Industrial Revolution: Politics and Workers, 1928-1931. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 48-49.
- ^ Kuromiya, Hiroaki. Stalin’s Industrial Revolution: Politics and Workers, 1928-1931. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 48-49.
- ^ Deutscher, Isaac. Stalin: A Political Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967. 230-231.
- ^ Solomon, Peter H. Reforming Justice in Russia, 1864-1996: Power, Culture, and the Limits of Legal Order. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1997. 171-173.
- ^
Alexopoulos, Golfo (1997). "Exposing illegality and oneself: complaint and risk in Stalin's Russia". In Solomon, Peter H. (ed.). Reforming Justice in Russia, 1864-1996: Power, Culture, and the Limits of Legal Order. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe. p. 174. ISBN 9781563248627. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
The Rabkrin central complaints bureau received 4,000 complaints in 1927, 20,000 in 1928, and 43,000 in 1929. [...] By 1930, the center was simply bombarded with demands from peasants [...].
- ^ Solomon, Peter H. Reforming Justice in Russia, 1864-1996: Power, Culture, and the Limits of Legal Order. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1997. 171-173.
- ^ Fitzpatrick, Shelia. "Ordzhonikidze’s Takeover of Vesenkha: A Case Study in Soviet Bureaucratic Politics". Soviet Studies, Vol. 37, no. 2 (1985): 153-172.
- ^ Fitzpatrick, Shelia. "Ordzhonikidze’s Takeover of Vesenkha: A Case Study in Soviet Bureaucratic Politics". Soviet Studies, Vol. 37, no. 2 (1985): 153-172.
- ^ Shearer, David R. Industry, State, and Society in Stalin's Russia, 1926-1934. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996. 87-91.
- ^ Heinzen, James W. Inventing a Soviet Countryside: State Power and the Transformation of Rural Russia, 1917-1929. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. 109, 111-113. ISBN 9780822942153
- ^ Rees, E.A. State Control in Soviet Russia: The Rise and Fall of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate, 1920-1934. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1987. 147-150.
- ^ Rees, E.A. State Control in Soviet Russia: The Rise and Fall of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate, 1920-1934. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1987. 147-150.
- ^ Kuromiya, Hiroaki. Stalin’s Industrial Revolution: Politics and Workers, 1928-1931. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 300-302.
- ^ a b "Счетная палата Российской Федерации". 2009-01-05. Archived from the original on 2009-01-05. Retrieved 2021-05-26.