Radio Nacional de España
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2021) |
 Logo used since 2008 | |
| Type | Radio broadcasting |
|---|---|
| Country | Spain |
| Availability |
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| Radio stations | |
| Headquarters | Prado del Rey, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid) |
| Parent | Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE) |
Launch date | 19 January 1937 |
| Radio Exterior | |
Official website | rtve.es/radio |
Radio Nacional de España (acronym RNE, branded rne, lit. transl. "National Radio of Spain") is the national
RNE is the radio division and Televisión Española (TVE) is the television division of Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the public corporation which has the overall responsibility for the national broadcasting public services under a Parliament-appointed president who, in addition to being answerable to a board of directors, reports to an all-party committee of the national parliament, as provided for in the Public Radio and Television Law of 2006.
RNE launched its first station on 19 January 1937. It is currently headquartered at Casa de la Radio at Prado del Rey in Pozuelo de Alarcón.
Origins of RNE
RNE officially came into existence in Salamanca on 19 January 1937, at the height of the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), and was dependent upon the recently created Delegación de Estado para Prensa y Propaganda (State Delegation for Press and Propaganda). The station's studios were in Palacio de Anaya, the headquarters of the Oficina de Prensa y Propaganda (Office for Press and Propaganda), whose first directors were also those of RNE.
RNE's first
It was at this time that the immense propaganda potential of radio became apparent, and from 14 June 1937 RNE became the nationalists' leading radio station. That distinction had until then been held by Radio Castilla de Burgos, which produced the information and propaganda that all of the radio stations that had fallen into the hands of the nationalist forces were obliged to carry.
After the Spanish Civil War
On 6 October 1939, at the conclusion of the
In consequence, all broadcasters (private as well as public) were obliged to connect twice daily with RNE and re-transmit the government-approved news bulletins produced by the official radio channel. These bulletins, normally broadcast in the early afternoon at 14.30 and in the late evening at 22.00, were officially entitled Diario Hablado, although – given their origin in the war dispatches (partes de guerra) of 1936–39 and their continued militaristic tone – they were long popularly referred to as El Parte.
The only other sources of information available to radio listeners in Spain at that time were the Spanish-language bulletins broadcast by the BBC and by French Radio from Toulouse, as well as the programmes of Radio España Independiente, which was a radio station established by the Communist Party of Spain in exile in Moscow (although known as La Pirenaica since it was believed to broadcast from a location somewhere in the Pyrenees[1]).
Although from the time of the Civil War there had already been
In 1940, RNE's headquarters were transferred to
It was from this moment on that the slow journey of Spanish public radio began, motivated by the poor quality of the media on the one hand, and the international block on the other which impeded, until 1955, the entry of RNE into the European Broadcasting Union.
The end of the 1950s and beginning of the 1960s saw the introduction of advanced technologies such as frequency modulation (FM) and transmissions in stereo. A parallel commercial channel, Radio Peninsular, was also created.
The 1960s and 1970s: a time of growth
1964 was the first year of a major restructuring exercise at RNE which was to see the establishment of a network of regional broadcasting centres equipped with powerful 250 to 500 kW
In November 1965 RNE opened a second network, using
In 1971 a new
The democratic era
The arrival of democracy to Spain after the death of Franco in 1975 produced several changes. One of these was the end, on 25 October 1977, of the private broadcasters' obligation to connect with RNE for the transmission of daily news bulletins. From then on, each broadcaster was free to determine the content of its own news programmes.
By the end of the 1970s, the broadcasts of Tercer Programa (now Radio 3), which until then had only been transmitted in Madrid, were extended to the whole of Spain. RNE 3 offered educational and cultural programming, which was enlarged to include programmes on musical themes.
Throughout Francoist Spain a number of semi-official radio stations (autorizadas) had functioned in parallel with the private broadcasters and RNE, and belonged to organisations such as Confederación Nacional de Sindicatos (National Confederation of Trade Unions), Movimiento, and Organización Juvenil Espanola (The Spanish Youth Organisation). These stations were merged in 1978 into Radiocadena Española (Spanish Radio Network). However, some of the transmitters had to be closed down because their
RNE today
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In 1989, Radiocadena Española and Radio Nacional were combined to produce the current format of six themed radio channels:
- Radio Nacional (previously Radio 1) – Generalist channel with a broad spectrum of mostly speech-based programming.
- Radio Clásica (previously Radio 2) – Concerts and classical music in general.
- Radio 3 – RNE's "youth station", concentrating on pop, rock, world music, folk, and related cultural events.
- Ràdio 4 – Regional broadcasting in the Catalan language.
- Radio 5 – 24-hour news.
- Ladino, Portuguese, Russian and English.
These stations are also available online and via podcast (see External Links below).
Integrated into the state public broadcasting body RTVE (Radiotelevisión Española) in 1973, RNE today has been assigned the role of "state public radio service, which is an essential service for the community and for the cohesion of democratic societies".[3]
Like its television broadcasting sister organisation, TVE, Radio Nacional is wholly financed by public funds and does not air commercials in its programming.
In January 2012, RNE celebrated its 75th anniversary in the presence of
Logos and identities
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Logo of Radio Nacional de España (RNE) between the official birth of TVE in 1956 and 1962. -
Logo of RNE between the change of RTVE logo in 1962 and 1971. -
Logo of RNE between 1971 and 1976. -
Logo of RNE between 1971 and 1976. -
Logo of RNE between 1976 and 1980. -
Previous logo, used between 1980 and 2008. -
Blue version of the logo, used during the unification of the image of RNE radios, between 1989 and 1991 -
Current logo of RNE, used since 2008
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Station logos
- Radio Nacional de España (RNE) station logos in 2008
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Radio Nacional -
Radio Clásica -
Radio 3 -
Ràdio 4 -
Radio 5 -
Radio Exterior
See also
Notes
External links
- History of radio in Spain from Portalmundos.com (in Spanish)
- Official website of Radio Nacional de España (in Spanish)
- Portal for web broadcasts from all RNE channels (in Spanish)
- RNE podcasts (in Spanish)
- Official website of RTVE (in Spanish)
- English version of the Radio Exterior de España website
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| Televisión Española |
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| Radio Nacional de España | ||
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