Radomsko
Radomsko | |
---|---|
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 97-500 |
Vehicle registration | ERA |
Website | http://www.radomsko.pl |
Radomsko (pronounced [raˈdɔmskɔ] ⓘ) is a city in southern Poland with 44,700 inhabitants (2021).[1] It is situated on the Radomka river in the Łódź Voivodeship. Located in the Sieradz Land, it is the county seat of Radomsko County.
History
Radomsko dates back to the 11th century.
In 1382 and 1384, congresses of Polish nobility were held in Radomsko, during which Princess Jadwiga of Poland was chosen as Queen of Poland as the country's first female monarch.[5] It was probably Radomsko where an agreement was concluded under which the future king of Poland Władysław II Jagiełło married Jadwiga, hence founding the Jagiellonian dynasty.[4] Nowadays, Queen Jadwiga is considered the patron saint of Radomsko.[5] The town developed under the patronage of the Jagiellonian dynasty, and was granted important trade and tax privileges by Kings Władysław II Jagiełło in 1427 and Sigismund II Augustus in 1549 and 1552.[2]
In 1793 as a consequence of the Second Partition of Poland the town became part of the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1807 it became part of the Polish Duchy of Warsaw, then in 1815 part of Congress Poland within the Russian Empire. In 1846 the section of the Warsaw–Vienna railway that ran through the town opened, providing a railway connection to Warsaw. Inhabitants took part in the November and January uprisings against Russia.[2] One of the first battles of the Polish January Uprising in the region took place in Radomsko on January 24, 1863.[6] Further clashes between Polish insurgents and Russian troops took place in Radomsko on March 14 and June 24, 1863.[7] After the fall of the January Uprising, anti-Polish repressions, including Russification policies, intensified.[2] The Russian administration expelled Franciscan monks from the town.[4]
During World War I, the town was occupied by Austria. On 7 November 1918, local inhabitants and members of the secret Polish Military Organisation disarmed the Austrians and liberated the town, four days before Poland officially regained independence.[8] Polish political prisoners were then released.[8] The Franciscans came back to their monastery in 1918.[4]
World War II
On 1 September 1939, the first day of the German invasion of Poland that started World War II, the Germans air raided the town.[9] Dozens of civilians were killed in the bombings. Radomsko was taken over by the Wehrmacht on 3 September 1939.[10] The next day, the Germans carried out executions of Poles in the present-day districts of Bartodzieje, Folwarki and Stobiecko Miejskie.[2] On 6–8 September 1939, the Einsatzgruppe II entered the town, and then carried out mass arrests of Poles, and searched Polish offices and organizations.[11] Polish underground resistance was organized already in October 1939.[9] There was also secret Polish schooling.[2]
In March 1940, the Germans carried out mass arrests of 60 Poles in the town and county.
To eliminate the "Polish bandits" in the vicinity of Radomsko, some 1,000
In 1944, during and following the
Post-war period
In April 1946, 167 partisans of the
The Culture Center and the Regional Museum were opened in 1967 and 1969, respectively.[19] From 1975 to 1998, Radomsko was located in the Piotrków Voivodeship. In December 1981, the communists imprisoned eight local Solidarity members.[19] The local people gathered and tried to stop the transport of the arrested activists, however, they were still interned by the communists in Sieradz and then Łowicz.[19]
Transport
The Polish Railway line 1, which connects Warsaw and Katowice, the country's two largest metropolitan areas, runs through the town. Polish State Railways (PKP) provide Radomsko with connections with various cities throughout Poland, including Łódź, Częstochowa, Sosnowiec, Gliwice, Wrocław, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Gdańsk, Gdynia, Białystok, Olsztyn and Lublin.
The town can also be reached by the Polish National road 1, the future A1 autostrada (highway), which connects the largest Polish port city of Gdańsk in the north with the Katowice urban area and the Czech Republic–Poland border at Gorzyczki in the south. The town is also located on the Polish National roads 42 and 91, and the European route E75, which connects northern Norway and Finland with Greece.
Cuisine
The officially protected
Sports
RKS Radomsko football club was founded in 1979. It competes in the lower leagues, although in the past it played in the Poland's top division.
International relations
Twin towns — sister cities
Radomsko is
Notable people
- Jan Benigier (born 1950) former footballer, member of the Poland national football team
- Stefan Brzózka (born 1931) Polish chess player, International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster
- Mariusz Czerkawski (born 1972) ice hockey player
- Mauthausen-Gusen concentration campduring World War II
- José Ber Gelbard (1917–1977) born in Radomsko; emigrated in 1930 with his family to Argentina; a communist; appointed as an advisor by Juan Perón; served as an Economic Minister in every government until the military coup of 1976
- Zbigniew Gniatkowski (born 1972) diplomat, former ambassador of Poland to New Zealand
- Janusz Łęski (born 1930) film director, screenwriter
- Sławomir Majak (born 1969) football manager, former footballer, member of the Poland national football team
- Anna Milczanowska (born 1958) Polish politician, parliamentarian, former mayor of Radomsko
- Avraham Yissachar Dov Hakohen Rabinowicz of Radomsk (Chesed LeAvraham) (1843–1892), second Radomsker Rebbe
- Shlomo Chanoch Hakohen Rabinowicz of Radomsk (1882–1942) fourth Radomsker Rebbe
- RadomskerRebbe
- Yechezkel Hakohen Rabinowicz of Radomsk (Kenesses Yechezkel) (1862–1910) third Radomsker Rebbe
- Władysław Reymont (1867–1925) novelist, Nobel laureate
- Stanisław Różewicz (1924–2008) Polish film director, screenwriter
- Tadeusz Różewicz (1921–2014) poet, Golden Wreath laureate.
- Jerzy Sadek (1942–2015) footballer, member of the Poland national football team
- Jerzy Semkow (1928–2014) Polish conductor
- Cezary Stefańczyk (born 1984) Polish footballer
- Piotr Stępień (born 1963) Polish former Olympic wrestler, silver medalist of the 1992 Summer Olympics
- Karol Świtalski (1902–1993) Polish Lutheran pastor, military chaplain
References
- Notes
- ^ a b "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 19 August 2022. Data for territorial unit 1012011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Historia - Strona Miasta Radomska". Archived from the original on 2020-10-07. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
- ^ Atlas historyczny Polski. Województwo sieradzkie i województwo łęczyckie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany (in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1998. p. 4.
- ^ a b c d "Zespół klasztorny oo. Franciszkanów, Radomsko". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Patronka Miasta". Radomsko.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ^ Zieliński, Stanisław (1913). Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu (in Polish). Rapperswil: Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu. p. 190.
- ^ Zieliński, pp. 193, 206
- ^ a b "Radomsko było niepodległe już 7 listopada 1918 roku!". Radomsko24.pl (in Polish). 11 November 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ^ a b c Radomsko Museum (2012). "Historia regionu w datach - lata 1939-1945". Radomsko.pl.
- ^ Muzeum Regionalne w Radomsku (2016). "Areszt Miejski". Muzeum Regionalne w Radomsku.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 118.
- ^ Wardzyńska, p. 252
- ^ "Radomsko: w hołdzie ofiarom zbrodni katyńskiej". TVP3 Łódź (in Polish). Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ^ Wardzyńska, p. 266
- ^ Wardzyńska, p. 266-267
- ^ Datner, Szymon (1968). Las sprawiedliwych (in Polish). Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza. p. 22.
- ^ Rejestr faktów represji na obywatelach polskich za pomoc ludności żydowskiej w okresie II wojny światowej (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. 2014. pp. 73, 127, 177.
- ^ a b "Transporty z obozu Dulag 121". Muzeum Dulag 121 (in Polish). Retrieved 4 April 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Historia regionu w datach - lata 1946-1989". Radomsko24.pl (in Polish). 24 December 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ^ "Radomszczańska zalewajka". Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi - Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ^ "Tatarczuch z Radomska". Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi - Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ^ "Makó külkapcsolatai – előtérben a kultúra és a gazdaságélénkítés". Mako.hu. 2005-07-11. Retrieved 2009-05-05. [dead link]
- ^ Fenn, Kate. "Lincoln's Twin Towns". City of Lincoln Council, City Hall, Beaumont Fee, Lincoln. Retrieved 2013-06-11.