Rail transport in Belgium
Belgium | ||
---|---|---|
No. stations 551[5] (2010) | |
History
On May 5, 1835, the first railway in continental Europe opened between Brussels-Groendreef/Allée verte and Mechelen. Some sort of railroad or canal had been envisaged as early as 1830. The feasibility of a railroad was investigated by engineers Pierre Simons and Gustave De Ridder. The first trains were Stephenson engines imported from Great Britain. The engines were called Pijl meaning Arrow, Olifant meaning Elephant, and 'Stephenson' (named after its designer). They pulled bench-cars and diligences. On the return from Mechelen, the Olifant pulled all 30 cars. By 1840, Ghent, Bruges, Ostend, Antwerp, Mechelen, Brussels and Leuven were connected. The lines that had to reach Liège, Mons and Kortrijk were partially completed. In 1843, when the major East-West/North-South axes were complete, private companies were allowed to construct and use their own rail systems. These were crucial in the industrialisation of the country.
In 1870, the Belgian state owned 863 km of rail lines, while the private enterprises owned 2,231 km. From 1870 to 1882, the railways were gradually
Infrastructure
In 2003, the network constituted 3,518 km of railways, all of which were
Trains in Belgium normally run on the left hand track.[6] This is in contrast to road vehicles, which drive on the right hand side of the road and is evidence of the British involvement in building the rail network in the 19th century.
The railway network is controlled and maintained by Infrabel.
Policy
Belgium operates a policy of cheap rail travel.[
Rail links with adjacent countries
- All adjacent countries use the same 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) gauge.
- Maastricht Randwijck; monovoltage 3 kV Belgian trains proceed under reduced power to the first large station past the border (Roosendaal or Maastricht). Border crossings are at:
- Essen, Visé (Wezet)
- Meer (high speed line, 25 kV 50 Hz)
- Hamont, Lanaken and Zelzate (all three: not electrified, freight only; line 20 Lanaken – Maastricht is "temporarily out of service" from Lanaken to the border, and not connected to the rest of the Belgian net.)
- Eisden(planned, opening scheduled between 2012 and 2017)
- Achel (closed, reopening scheduled between 2012 and 2017)
- Sint-Gillis-Waas (closed), Turnhout (closed)
- Germany - different voltage 3 kV DC/15 kV AC. The change of voltage occurs in Aachen station where there is a switchable track so that 3 kV monovoltage trains can reach Aachen. Change of voltage also on the Moresnet viaduct on the freight only line Visé - Montzen - Aachen West. Border crossings are at:
- Welkenraedt
- Kelmis-Hergenrath (includes high speed traffic on the upgraded line)
- Losheimergraben (dismounted), Raeren (dismounted), Gemmenich (freight only, voltage change between goods stations Montzen(B) and Gemmenich(D), several kilometers inside the Belgian side of the border).
- Steinebrück (closed),
- Luxembourg - different voltage 3 kV DC/25 kV AC. All Belgian lines going to the grand-duchy of Luxembourg use 25 kV 50 Hz long before the border so there is no voltage change.[8]Border crossings are at:
- Arlon - Sterpenich(B) – Kleinbettingen(L)
- Gouvy(B) – Troisvierges(L)
- Athus(B) or Aubange(B) - Rodange(L)
- Lengeler, Benonchamps, Lommersweiler (all closed)
- France - different voltage 3 kV DC/25 kV AC. The change of voltage occurs at the border, except for the high-speed line which is 25 kV throughout and as mentioned below. Border crossings are at:
- Mouscron(B) (Moeskroen) – Tourcoing(F)
- Froyennes(B) – Blandain(F) (voltage change long before the border, at the switch "Y Froyennes" from line 75A Tournai – Mouscron)
- Quiévrain (dismounted)
- Quévy(B) – Feignies(F)
- Erquelinnes(B) – Jeumont(F)
- Aubange(B) – Mont-Saint-Martin(F) (Belgian line is on 50 kV AC long before the border, no voltage change)
- high speed line at Esplechin
- Adinkerke to Dunkirk track in situ, line closed to passengers and freight
- Momignies the track has been taken off in favor of a cycle track[9]
- Heer-Agimont (line from Dinant to Givet): track in situ, line closed to passengers and freight. Part of the line from Dinant used to be the site of a tourists' steam train, but no more in exploitation.
- (closed)
- United Kingdom - using HSL 1, LGV Nord, the Channel Tunnel and the High Speed 1/Channel Tunnel Rail Link is 25 kV AC. All rail transport between Belgium and the UK transits through France.
See also
- List of Belgian railway services
- List of railway lines in Belgium
- List of railway stations in Belgium
- National Railway Company of Belgium
- List of SNCB/NMBS classes
- Rail transport by country
- Train World
- Transport in Belgium
- Vicinal tramway
References
- ^ "244 miljoen reizigers kozen in 2023 voor de trein" (in Dutch). NMBS. January 30, 2024. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
- ^ "Openbaar vervoer over de weg (1996-2007)" (in Dutch). NMBS. Retrieved January 7, 2009.
- ^ "Goederenvervoer op Belgisch grondgebied : voornaamste vervoersmodi (1999-2006)" (in Dutch). FOD Economie - Algemene Directie Statistiek en NMBS. Retrieved 7 January 2009.
- ^ "Fact&Figures 2015" (PDF) (in French). Infrabel. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
- ^ a b c "Transports en commun par chemin de fer (1997-2010)" (in French). SPF-Economie Statistics / FOD-Economie Statistics. Retrieved March 4, 2014.
- ^ "interoperability - maps and facts on European interoperability issues". www.bueker.net. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
- ^ "Des quais 100% non-fumeurs". belgiantrain.be.
- ^ "OpenRailwayMap". www.openrailwaymap.org. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ "Ligne 156B : Chimay - Momignies". cheminsdurail.be. Archived from the original on 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2015-07-20.
Further reading
- Haydock, David (2017). Benelux Railways: Locomotives and Multiple Units. European Handbook No. 1 (7th ed.). Sheffield: Platform 5 Publishing. ISBN 9781909431393.
External links
Media related to Rail transport in Belgium at Wikimedia Commons
- "BELGIUM'S STEEL NETWORK The Most Concentrated System in the World". mikes.railhistory.railfan.net.
Description of Belgian railways 1935