Rail transport in Italy

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Italy
standard gauge
Electrification
3 kV DCconventional lines[2]
25 kV AChigh-speed lines[2]

The Italian railway system is one of the most important parts of the

UIC Country Code
for Italy is 83.

The network

See also: Narrow-gauge railways in Italy
Map of Italian main rail network

standard gauge. The active lines are 16,723 km (10,391 mi),[2] of which 7,505 km (4,663 mi) are double tracks.[2] Italy has 2,507 people and 12.46 km2 per kilometer of rail track, giving Italy the world's 13th largest rail network.[4]

Lines are divided into 3 categories:

Most of the Italian network is electrified (11,921 km (7,407 mi)). Electric system is 3 kV

DC on conventional lines and 25 kV AC on high-speed lines.[5]

A major part of the Italian rail network is managed and operated by RFI (Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, Italian Rail Network). Other regional agencies, mostly owned by public entities such as regional governments, operate on the Italian network.

Travellers who often make use of the railway during their stay in Italy might use Rail Passes, such as the European Inter-Rail or Italy's national and regional passes. These rail passes allow travellers the freedom to use regional trains during the validity period, but all high-speed and intercity trains require a 10-euro reservation fee. Regional passes, such as "Io viaggio ovunque Lombardia", offer one-day, multiple-day and monthly period of validity. There are also saver passes for adults, who travel as a group, with savings up to 20%. Foreign travellers should purchase these passes in advance, so that the passes could be delivered by post prior to the trip. When using the rail passes, the date of travel needs to be filled in before boarding the trains.[6]

Map of the main branch of the Ferrovie Nord Milano lines
Marked in red, Ferrovie Emilia Romagna's railroad network

Companies certified to run railways in Italy are:

From 2000
From 2001
From 2002
From 2003
From 2004
From 2005
From 2006
  • SAD - Trasporto Locale S.p.A.
  • Nord Cargo S.r.l. (ex Ferrovie Nord Cargo S.r.l.)
  • Arenaways S.p.A.

History

Main article: History of rail transport in Italy
Rail network in Italy 1861-1870
Network as of 17 March 1861
Network as of 20 September 1870

The first line to be built on the peninsula was the

Milano–Monza line (12 km (7.5 mi)), the second railway built in Italy, in the then Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, a part of the Austrian Empire.[8]

After the creation of the

Ferrovie dello Stato (State Railways), or FFSS, with a total of 10,557 km (6,560 mi) of lines, of which it already owned 9,686 km (6,019 mi). The move was completed the following year with the acquisition of the remaining SFM network: by then FFSS possessed 13,075 km (8,124 mi) of lines, of which 1,917 km (1,191 mi) with double tracks.[10]

Ferrovie dello Stato
in Rome

The period from 1922 to 1939 was heavy with important construction and modernisation programmes for the Italian railways, which also incorporated 400 km (250 mi) from the Ferrovie Reali Sarde of

Second World War
stopped these services.

An Italian local train Minuetto

After World War II, Italy started to repair the damaged railways, and built nearly 20,000 km (12,000 mi) of new tracks. Entire lines were out of action and much of the rolling stock destroyed. Thanks to the Marshall Plan, in the following years they could be rebuilt, although the possibility of reorganizing the network was missed due to short-sighted policies.[13] The fundamental line Battipaglia-Reggio Calabria was doubled, while a program of updating of infrastructures, superstructures, services, colour-light signalling and cars was updated or extended. The three-phase lines were gradually turned into standard 3,000 V dc lines.

Increasing numbers of steam locomotives were replaced by electric or diesel ones; in the 1960s also the first unified passenger cars appeared and the first attempts of interoperability with foreign companies were started, culminating in the creation of

Ferrovie dello Stato
(FS) subsidiaries, once the only train operator in Italy.

High-speed rail

Main article: High-speed rail in Italy
FS' Frecciarossa 1000 high speed train, with a maximum speed of 400 km/h (249 mph),[15] at Milano Centrale railway station
ETR 500 at Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station

High-speed trains were developed during the 1960s.

ETR 300
, were also updated for speeds up to 200 km/h (125 mph). The braking systems of cars were updated to match the increased travelling speeds.

On 25 June 1970, work was started on the

Rome–Florence Direttissima, the first high-speed line in Italy and in Europe. It included the 5,375-metre-long (3.340 mi) bridge on the Paglia
river, then the longest in Europe. Works were completed in the early 1990s.

In 1975, a program for a widespread updating of the rolling stock was launched. However, as it was decided to put more emphasis on local traffic, this caused a shifting of resources from the ongoing high-speed projects, with their subsequent slowing or, in some cases, total abandonment. Therefore, 160 E.656 electric and 35 D.345 locomotives for short-medium range traffic were acquired, together with 80 EMUs of the ALe 801/940 class, 120 ALn 668 diesel railcars. Some 1,000 much-needed passenger and 7,000 freight cars were also ordered.

In the 1990s, work started on the Treno Alta Velocità (TAV) project, which involved building a new high-speed network on the routes Milan – (Bologna–Florence–Rome–Naples) – Salerno, Turin – (Milan–Verona–Venice) – Trieste and Milan–Genoa. Most of the planned lines have already been opened, while international links with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia are underway.

ETR 500 train running on the Florence–Rome high-speed line near Arezzo, the first high-speed railway opened in Europe.[16]

Most of the

Bologna–Florence line were completed in December 2009. All these lines are designed for speeds up to 300 km/h (190 mph). Since then, it is possible to travel from Turin to Salerno (ca. 950 km (590 mi)) in less than 5 hours. More than 100 trains per day are operated.[17]

Other proposed high-speed lines are Salerno-Reggio Calabria[18] (connected to Sicily with the future bridge over the Strait of Messina[19]), Palermo-Catania[20] and Naples–Bari.[21]

The main public operator of high-speed trains (alta velocità AV, formerly Eurostar Italia) is Trenitalia, part of FSI. Trains are divided into three categories: Frecciarossa ("Red arrow") trains operate at a maximum of 300 km/h (185 mph) on dedicated high-speed tracks; Frecciargento (Silver arrow) trains operate at a maximum of 250 km/h (155 mph) on both high-speed and mainline tracks; Frecciabianca (White arrow) trains operate at a maximum of 200 km/h (125 mph) on mainline tracks only.

Since 2012, a new and Italy's first private train operator, NTV (branded as Italo), run high-speed services in competition with Trenitalia. Even nowadays, Italy is the only country in Europe with a private high-speed train operator.

Construction of the Milan-Venice high-speed line has begun in 2013 and in 2016 the Milan-Treviglio section has been opened to passenger traffic; the Milan-Genoa high-speed line (Terzo Valico dei Giovi) is also under construction.

Today it is possible to travel from Rome to Milan in less than 3 hours (2h 55') with the Frecciarossa 1000, the new high-speed train. To cover this route, there's a train every 30 minutes.

Night trains

Main article: Nightjet
Nightjet Route Map (2022)

The Nightjet of the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) serves different big cities in Italy like Rome, Venice, Florence and Milano. The trains can be used for rides inside Italy as well as for journeys abroad.

Nightjet trains offers beds in

couchette
carriages, and seated carriages. On certain connections, cars can also be transported on the train. Bikes can be transported in a bike transport bag, or on some connections also in special bike racks.

Intercity trains

Main articles: Inter-city rail and InterCity
An Intercity train at Roma Termini railway station

With the introduction of high-speed trains, intercity trains are limited to few services per day on mainline and regional tracks.

The daytime services (

Reggio di Calabria (stopping at Latina and Naples
). In addition, the Intercity trains provide a more economical means of long-distance rail travel within Italy.

The night trains (Intercity Notte ICN) have sleeper compartments and washrooms, but no showers on board. Main routes are Rome to Bolzano/Bozen (calling at Florence, Bologna, Verona, Rovereto and Trento), Milan to Lecce (calling at Piacenza, Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna, Faenza, Forlì, Cesena, Rimini, Ancona, Pescara, Bari and Brindisi), Turin to Lecce (calling at Alessandria, Voghera, Piacenza, Parma, Bologna, Rimini, Pescara, Termoli, San Severo,Foggia, Barletta, Bisceglie, Molfetta, Bari, Monopoli, Fasano, Ostuni and Brindisi) and Reggio di Calabria to Turin (calling at Naples, Rome, Livorno, La Spezia and Genova). Most portions of these ICN services run during the night; since most services take 10 to 15 hours to complete a one-way journey, their day-time portion provide extra train connections to complement with the Intercity services.

There are a total of 86 intercity trains running within Italy per day.

Regional trains

Milan Passerby railway

Trenitalia operates regional services (both fast veloce RGV and stopping REG) throughout Italy.

Regional train agencies exist: their train schedules are largely connected to and shown on Trenitalia, and tickets for such train services can be purchased through Trenitalia's national network. Other regional agencies have separate ticket systems which are not mutually exchangeable with that of Trenitalia. These "regional" tickets could be purchased at local newsagents or tobacco stores instead.

In addition to these agencies, there's a great deal of other little operators, such as AMT Genova for the Genova-Casella railway.

Stations

Roma Termini railway station
Milano Centrale railway station
Main article: Railway stations in Italy

Italy's top ten railway stations by annual passengers are:

Rank Railway Station Annual entries/exits (millions) Number of platforms City Region
1
Roma Termini
 150[22] 32 Rome Lazio
2
Milano Centrale
 145[23] 24 Milan Lombardy
3
Torino Porta Nuova
 70[24] 20 Turin Piedmont
4
Firenze Santa Maria Novella
 59[25] 19 Florence Tuscany
5
Bologna Centrale
 58[26] 28 Bologna Emilia-Romagna
6
Roma Tiburtina
 51[27] 20 Rome Lazio
7
Napoli Centrale
 50[28] 25 Naples Campania
8
Milano Cadorna
 33.1[29] 10 Milan Lombardy
9 Venezia Mestre 31[30] 13 Venice Veneto
10 Venezia Santa Lucia 30[30] 16 Venice Veneto

Rapid transit

Metro

Rome Metro
Milan Metro

7 cities have

metro
systems:

City Name Lines Length (km) Stations Opening
Brescia Brescia Metro 1 13.7 17 2013
Catania Catania Metro 1 8.8 10 1999
Genoa Genoa Metro 1 7.1 8 1990
Milan Milan Metro 5 102.5 119 1964
Naples Naples Metro 2 20.3 23 1993
Rome Rome Metro 3 60 75 1955
Turin Turin Metro 1 15.1 23 2006

Commuter rail

Turin Metropolitan Railway Service

15 cities have commuter rail systems; cities without wikilink are those listed just above for their metro rail system.

Airport shuttles

See also: Leonardo Express and Malpensa Express
Leonardo Express at Roma Termini railway station
Malpensa Express at Milano Centrale railway station

Airport shuttle buses are highly developed and convenient for rail travellers. Most airports in Italy are not connected to the railway network, except for

Bologna Airport to the main railway station. Linate Airport in Milan has been connected to line 4
of the Milan metro since 2022.

  • Venice: Venezia-Mestre station - Marco Polo Airport (50 minutes) and Treviso Airport
  • Milan: Milano Centrale station - Malpensa Airport (1 hour 5 minutes), Linate Airport (35 minutes) and Milan Bergamo Airport (1 hour)
  • Brescia: Brescia station - Milan Bergamo Airport (1 hour)
  • Rome: Rome Termini station - Fiumicino Airport (31 minutes)
  • Verona: Verona Porta Nuova station - Villafranca "Catullo" Airport (20 minutes)
  • Bologna: Centrale station - Bologna Airport (20 minutes) - Route modified in November 2020. It shifted from route BLQ (Bologna Centrale Station-Bologna Airport) to route 944 Ospedale Maggiore-Bologna Airport
  • Pescara Centrale station - Abruzzo Airport (10 minutes)
  • Pisa: Pisa Centrale station - San Giusto Airport (5 minutes)
  • Florence: Firenze S M Novella station - Florence Airport

Rail links to adjacent countries

Ventimiglia
, near the French border
Brig, Switzerland and Domodossola, Italy, through the Alps

Italy has 11 rail border crossings over the Alpine mountains with her neighbouring countries: six are designated as mainline tracks and two are metre-gauge tracks. The six mainline border crossings are: two with France (one for Nice and Marseille; the other for Lyon and Dijon), two with Switzerland (one for Brig, Bern and Geneva; the other for Chiasso, Lugano, Lucerne and Zürich), and two with Austria (one for Innsbruck; the other for Villach, Graz and Vienna). The two-metre-gauge track crossings are located at the border town of Tirano (enters Switzerland's Canton Graubünden/Grisons) and Domodossola (enters Switzerland's Locarno).

There is a railway line connecting Italy's northeastern port of Trieste to Slovenia, but no passenger or freight services operate on this track. Consequently, there is no direct connections between Trieste and Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, despite the proximity of both cities.

The

Vatican City railway station. This line is used only for special occasions.[31]
San Marino used to have a narrow gauge rail connection with Italy; this was dismantled in 1944.[32]

All links have the same gauge.

  • Austria Austria — voltage change 3 kV DC/15 kV AC
  • France France — voltage change 3 kV DC/25 kV AC or 1.5 kV DC
  • Slovenia
    — same voltage
  • Switzerland Switzerland — voltage change 3 kV DC/15 kV AC (plus two narrow gauge lines, same voltage)
  • Vatican City
    — no electrification
  • San Marino
    — closed, narrow gauge
Domodossola railway station

Stations on the border are:

Heritage railways

See also: List of heritage railways in Italy
Historic train at the Cansano railway station, along the now tourist Sulmona–Isernia railway [it] in Italy

In Italy the

heritage railways institute is recognized and protected by law no. 128 of 9 August 2017, which has as its objective the protection and valorisation of disused, suspended or abolished railway lines, of particular cultural, landscape and tourist value, including both railway routes and stations and the related works of art and appurtenances, on which, upon proposal of the regions to which they belong, tourism-type traffic management is applied (art. 2, paragraph 1).[33] At the same time, the law identified a first list of 18 tourist railways, considered to be of particular value (art. 2, paragraph 2).[33]

The list is periodically updated by decree of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport, in agreement with the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Ministry of Culture, also taking into account the reports in the State-Regions Conference, a list which in 2022 reached 26 railway lines.[34] According to article 1, law 128/2017 has as its purpose: "the protection and valorisation of railway sections of particular cultural, landscape and tourist value, which include railway routes, stations and related works of art and appurtenances, and of the historic and tourist rolling stock authorized to travel along them, as well as the regulation of the use of ferrocycles".[33]

Tourist train in transit on a viaduct of the Sassari–Tempio–Palau railway in Italy
Tourist train in transit on the Ceva–Ormea railway in Italy

Below is the list of railway lines recognized as tourist railways by Italian legislation.

a) pursuant to art. 2 paragraph 2 law 128/2017:[33]
  1. Sulmona-Castel di Sangro section of the Sulmona–Isernia railway [it][35]
  2. Cosenza-Camigliatello–San Giovanni in Fiore railway [it][36]
  3. Avellino–Rocchetta Sant'Antonio railway [it][35]
  4. Gemona del Friuli–Sacile railway [it][35]
  5. Palazzolo–Paratico railway [it][35]
  6. Castel di Sangro-Carpinone section of the Sulmona-Isernia railway[37]
  7. Ceva–Ormea railway[35]
  8. Mandas–Arbatax railway [it][38]
  9. Isili–Sorgono railway [it][38]
  10. Sassari–Tempio-Palau railway[38]
  11. Macomer–Bosa railway [it][38]
  12. Alcantara–Randazzo railway [it][35]
  13. Castelvetrano-Porto Palo section of the Castelvetrano–Porto Empedocle railway [it][39]
  14. Agrigento Bassa-Porto Empedocle section of the Castelvetrano-Porto Empedocle railway[39]
  15. Noto–Pachino railway [it][35]
  16. Asciano–Monte Antico railway[35]
  17. Civitavecchia–Orte railway [it][35]
  18. Fano–Urbino railway [it][35]
Bernina railway line between Poschiavo, Switzerland, and Tirano, Italy

The

UNESCO World Heritage Sites, under the name Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes. The whole site is a cross-border joint Swiss-Italian heritage area. Trains operating on the Bernina line include the Bernina Express
.

In July 2023,

Ferrovie dello Stato established a new company, the "FS Treni Turistici Italiani" (English: FS Italian Tourist Trains), with the mission "to propose an offer of railway services expressly designed and calibrated for quality, sustainable tourism and attentive to rediscovering the riches of the Italian territory. Tourism that can experience the train journey as an integral moment of the holiday, an element of quality in the overall tourist experience".[41]
There are three service areas proposed:

  • Luxury trains, which includes the circulation of the "
    Venice Simplon Orient Express, already operating on European routes;[41]
  • Express and historic trains, with the express trains of the 1980s and 1990s which being redeveloped and modernized in the railway workshops of Rimini, while the historic trains are used for journeys that include stops with guided tours and tastings;[41]
  • Regional trains, also with trips that include experiential tourist stops, which pass through places rich in history, with villages and areas of landscape, naturalistic, food and wine and agri-food interest.[41]

Funding

The Italian railways are partially funded by the government, receiving €8.1 billion in 2009.[42]

Categories and types of trains

These are the major service categories and models of Italian trains.

  • Italo operates on main High-Speed lines by NTV. Makes a few stops in the most important cities.
    Italo operates on main High-Speed lines by NTV. Makes a few stops in the most important cities.
  • Frecciarossa operates on High-Speed lines by Trenitalia. Makes a few stops in major cities.
    Frecciarossa operates on High-Speed lines by Trenitalia. Makes a few stops in major cities.
  • Frecciargento operates on High-Speed lines by Trenitalia. Makes some stops in big cities.
    Frecciargento operates on High-Speed lines by Trenitalia. Makes some stops in big cities.
  • Frecciabianca operates on main lines by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities.
    Frecciabianca operates on main lines by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities.
  • Intercity operates on main lines by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities.
    Intercity operates on main lines by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities.
  • Eurocity, formerly Cisalpino, operates on international main lines within the European Union by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities.
    Eurocity, formerly Cisalpino, operates on international main lines within the European Union by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities.
  • RegionaleVeloce operates on regional lines in a region or in adjacent regions by Trenitalia. Stops in the main stations of the local service.
    RegionaleVeloce operates on regional lines in a region or in adjacent regions by Trenitalia. Stops in the main stations of the local service.
  • Regionale operates on regional lines by Trenitalia. Stops in every station of the local service.
    Regionale operates on regional lines by Trenitalia. Stops in every station of the local service.
  • Regio-Express operates on regional lines by Trenord. Stops in some station of the local service.
    Regio-Express operates on regional lines by Trenord. Stops in some station of the local service.
  • RegionaleVeloce as operates in the Aosta Valley by Trenitalia
    RegionaleVeloce as operates in the Aosta Valley by Trenitalia
  • RegionaleVeloce as operates in Veneto by Trenitalia
    RegionaleVeloce as operates in Veneto by Trenitalia
  • Regionale as operates in Trentino-Alto Adige by SAD
    Regionale as operates in
    Trentino-Alto Adige
    by SAD
  • Regionale as operates in some lines of Veneto by Sistemi Territoriali (ST)
    Regionale as operates in some lines of Veneto by Sistemi Territoriali (ST)
  • Regionale as operates in Friuli-Venezia Giulia by Società Ferrovie Udine-Cividale (FUC)
    Regionale as operates in Friuli-Venezia Giulia by Società Ferrovie Udine-Cividale (FUC)
  • Regionale as operates in Apulia by Ferrovie del Sud Est (FSE)
    Regionale as operates in Apulia by Ferrovie del Sud Est (FSE)

Main stations

See also

References

  1. ^ "Railway passenger transport statistics" (PDF). Europa EU. 8 December 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "La rete oggi". RFI Rete Ferroviaria Italiana. Archived from the original on 4 December 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  3. ^ Total length of tracks: double tracks are counted twice.
  4. ^ Compare List of countries by rail transport network size.
  5. ^ "Il sistema di elettrificazione a 25kV c.a." RFI Rete Ferroviaria Italiana. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  6. ^ "Rail Passes - ItaliaRail - Italy Train Ticket and Rail Pass Experts". italiarail.com.
  7. ^ "La Dolce Vita? Italy By Rail, 1839-1914 | History Today". History Today. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  8. ^ "Le ferrovie nell'Unità d'Italia. Cronologia storica 1839-1861". Fondazione FS. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  9. ^ "Prospetto cronologico dei tratti di ferrovia aperti all'esercizio dal 1839 al 31 dicembre 1926". Ufficio Centrale di Statistica delle Ferrovie dello Stato. 1927. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  10. ^ Gian Guido Turchi (2006). Strade Ferrate Meridionali: ultimo atto (in Italian). Edizioni ETR. pp. 13–14.
  11. ^ Cesare Columba, Da Firenze a Bologna bucando l'Appennino in, VdR 1839-1939: i centocinquant'anni delle ferrovie italiane, pp. 26-28
  12. ISBN 88-85068-23-5
  13. ^ Paolo Lavadas; Mauro Luoni (2011). 1861-2011, 150°, L'unità d'Italia attraverso le ferrovie (in Italian). Editoriale del Garda. p. 21.
  14. ^ "Ferrovie dello Stato" (in Italian). Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  15. ^ "Frecciarossa 1000 in Figures". Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  16. ^ "Special report: A European high-speed rail network". op.europa.eu. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  17. ^ "Viaggia con i treni Frecciarossa e acquista il biglietti a prezzi scontati - Le Frecce - Trenitalia". trenitalia.com (in Italian). Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  18. ^ "Ferrovie: Ecco il progetto della AV/AC Salerno-Reggio Calabria" (in Italian). Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  19. ^ "Alta velocità ferroviaria SA-RC, come cambiano gli scenari" (in Italian). Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  20. ^ "Alta velocità ferroviaria Salerno-Reggio e Palermo-Catania Messina: aggiudicati lavori per altri 3,7 miliardi" (in Italian). Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  21. ^ "Alta velocità Napoli-Bari. Partiti i lavori. Sei miliardi per collegare le due città in 2 ore a 40 minuti" (in Italian). Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  22. ^ "Roma Termini - Roma Termini - Grandi Stazioni". Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  23. ^ "Stazione di Milano Centrale - Info Stazione Milano Centrale - Tour Virtuale stazione | Milano Centrale". www.milanocentrale.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  24. ^ "Torino Porta Nuova - Torino Porta Nuova - Grandi Stazioni". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  25. ^ "Firenze S. Maria Novella - Firenze S. Maria Novella - Grandi Stazioni".
  26. ^ "Bologna Centrale - Bologna Centrale - Grandi Stazioni". Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  27. ^ "Roma Tiburtina - Roma Tiburtina - Grandi Stazioni". Archived from the original on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  28. ^ "Napoli Centrale - Napoli Centrale - Grandi Stazioni". Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  29. ^ Bilancio Sociale "LeNord" 2004-2005
  30. ^ a b "Venezia Mestre - Venezia Mestre - Grandi Stazioni". Archived from the original on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  31. ^ "La Ferrovia dello Stato della Città del Vaticano" (in Italian). Sala stampa della Santa Sede. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
  32. ^ "la "Ferrovia Rimini - San Marino"" (in Italian). ferroviedismesse.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  33. ^ a b c d Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana. "Legge 9 agosto 2017, n. 128".
  34. ^ a b "Tratte ferroviarie ad uso turistico" (PDF) (in Italian). Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r A ordinary gauge, owned by RFI.
  36. narrow gauge, regional railway owned by Calabria railways [it]; the service is called Trenino della Sila [it
    ]    .
  37. ^ Subsequently extended to Isernia.
  38. ^
    narrow gauge, regional railway owned by ARST; the service is called Trenino Verde
    .
  39. ^ a b Line part of the disused narrow gauge FS network of Sicily.
  40. ^ A ordinary gauge, regional railway owned by Ferrovienord.
  41. ^ a b c d "Gruppo FS, nasce la nuova società "FS Treni Turistici Italiani"" (in Italian). Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  42. ^ "The age of the train" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rail transport in Italy.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Rail travel in Italy.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_Italy&oldid=1220461879"