Rail transport in Switzerland
Rail network of Switzerland | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. stations 1838[1] | | ||||
Highest elevation | Jungfraujoch railway station | ||||
at | 3,454 metres (11,332 ft) | ||||
Lowest elevation | Piano di Magadino | ||||
at | 200 metres (660 ft) | ||||
|
The Swiss rail network is noteworthy for its density,[14][15] its coordination between services, its integration with other modes of transport, timeliness[16][17] and a thriving domestic and trans-Alp freight system. This is made necessary by strong regulations on truck transport,[18] and is enabled by properly coordinated intermodal logistics.[19]
With 5,200 kilometres (3,200 mi) network length, Switzerland has a dense railway network,[20] and is the clear European leader in kilometers traveled: 2,505 km per inhabitant and year (2019).[21] Worldwide, only the Japanese travel more by train.
Virtually 100% of its network is electrified, except for the few tracks on which steam locomotives operate for tourism purposes only. There are 74 railway companies in Switzerland. The share of commuters who travel to work using public transport (as the main mode of transport) is 30%. The share of rail in goods transport performance by road and rail (modal split) is 39%.[1]
Switzerland was ranked first among national European rail systems in the 2017 European Railway Performance Index for its intensity of use, quality of service and strong safety rating.[22] Switzerland had excellent intensity of use, notably driven by passenger traffic, a good rating for quality of service, and a very good rating for safety. Switzerland captured high value in return for public investment with cost to performance ratios that outperform the average ratio for all European countries.[23]
Switzerland is a member of the
Standard-gauge railways
Three quarters of the Swiss rail network is at standard gauge, comprising 3,773 km (2,344.4 mi), administered mostly by three companies. Important railway stations are the
Swiss Federal Railways
Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS) is the largest railway company in Switzerland and handles the majority of national and international traffic. It operates the main east–west track in the
- Total route length: 3,173 km (1,971.6 mi).[26]
BLS
BLS (
- Total route length: 436 km (270.9 mi).[9]
SOB
The original line of Schweizerische Südostbahn AG (SOB) runs on 147 km (91.3 mi) (of which 123 km (76.4 mi) are their own) between
Rail links to other countries
- Standard gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
- Austria – same voltage 15 kV, 16.7 Hz AC
- France – voltage change 15 kV, 16.7 Hz AC / 25 kV, 50 Hz AC or 1,500 V DC
- Germany – same voltage 15 kV, 16.7 Hz AC
- Italy – voltage change 15 kV, 16.7 Hz AC / 3 kV DC
- Liechtenstein – same voltage 15 kV, 16.7 Hz AC
Although Austria, Germany and Liechtenstein all use the same voltage as Switzerland, dedicated types of locomotives are necessary due to Switzerland using narrower
The German national railway company Deutsche Bahn (DB) owns cross-border lines from the German border to Basel Badischer Bahnhof station, which is also operated by DB. It also owns and operates an east–west line across the canton of Schaffhausen that forms a link in the largely German High Rhine Railway, and jointly owns Schaffhausen railway station with the Swiss Federal Railways.
The German
The French-Swiss joint-venture TGV Lyria operates high-speed trains between Paris and South-France with services to Geneva, Lausanne, Basel and Zurich.
The Austrian
SBB and Trenitalia jointly operate EuroCity services between Switzerland and Italy. These services are running between Geneva and Milan or even Venice via the Simplon Tunnel. Between Basel and Milan via Berne and the Lötschberg Base and Simplon Tunnels, and between Zurich and Milan via the Gotthard route.
Narrow-gauge railways
RhB and MGB
The
The former
The former
In 2003, the FO and BVZ merged to form the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn (MGB).[3]
The Glacier Express (GEX) runs on the combined three line route St. Moritz/Davos-Filisur-Chur-Disentis-Andermatt-Brig-Visp-Zermatt. A one-day trip in panoramic-view cars takes tourists from St. Moritz/Davos to Zermatt, or vice versa, through some of the most spectacular scenery of the Alps. It is the longest distance train, the journey from Zermatt to St. Moritz lasting about 8 hours.
Further narrow-gauge railways
The
The
From
The Chemins de fer du Jura (CJ), the railways of the Jura canton in northern Switzerland, is an 85-kilometre rail network of which 74 km is metre gauge, the remaining 11 km being standard gauge. It connects La Chaux-de-Fonds to Glovelier and Tramelan, both via Le Noirmont.[5]
The
The
The
The
The
The
In the
The
The
At
Narrow-gauge links to adjacent countries
1,000 mm / 3 ft 3+3⁄8 in
- Italy:
- break-of-gauge and voltage change at Tirano
- Domodossola–Locarno railway line (FART (ferrovie autolinee regionali ticinesi)) through the Swiss Centovalli and Italian Valle Vigezzo.
Urban rail
Trams
There are trams operating on nine systems in seven Swiss cities. Street-running tramways are nearly all 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in). The
City | System | Start of electric operations |
Gauge | notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Basel | Basler Verkehrs-Betriebe (BVB)[27] | 6 May 1892[27] | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge
|
8 lines |
Baselland Transport (BLT)[27] | 6 October 1902 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge
|
4 lines, 65.2 km (40.5 mi), 100 trams, serves suburbs | |
Bern[27] | Städtische Verkehrsbetriebe Bern | 1 July 1902 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge
|
|
Bex | Bex–Villars–Bretaye railway (BVB) | 1898 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge
|
connects to rack railway in Villars-sur-Ollon |
Geneva[27] | Transports Publics Genevois
|
22 September 1894 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge
|
|
Lausanne | Tramway du sud-ouest lausannois
|
2 June 1991 | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
|
|
Neuchâtel[27] | Trams in Neuchâtel | 16 May 1897 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge
|
|
Zürich[27] | Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich (VBZ) | 8 March 1894 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge
|
|
Stadtbahn Glattal
|
10 December 2006 | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge
|
S-Bahn
In many parts of Switzerland suburban commuter rail service is today known as
Tourist railways
High-speed railways
History
The construction and operation of Swiss railways during the 19th century was carried out by private railways. The first internal line was a 16 km line opened from
In 1901 the major railways were nationalised to form
Integration of services
Between rail services
Services on the Swiss railway are integrated with each other and with other forms of public transport, such as local railways, postal buses, boats and cable transports, often in direct proximity, to minimise transfer times. Unlike its European neighbours, Switzerland has not developed a comprehensive high-speed rail network,[28] with the running speed on its one stretch, called the Rothrist-Mattstetten line, of relatively high-speed line being 200 km/h.[29] Instead the priority is not so much the speeding up of trains between cities, but the reduction of connection times through the nodal system.[30] Journey times on main lines between hubs are multiples of 15 minutes so that on the hour or half-hour all trains stand in the main stations at the same time, thus minimising connection times. Indeed, the above-mentioned Rothrist-Mattstetten line reduces journey times from Bern to Zurich from 72 minutes to 57 minutes,[31]: 29 in keeping with the clock-face scheduling.
Between modes of transport
Rail timetables are integrated[31]: 36 with the extensive[31]: 18 network of postal buses (branded as PostBus, French: CarPostal, German: PostAuto, Italian: AutoPostale) which serve both plain and high mountain villages. For example, on postal bus line 12.381[32] the 10:35 from the mountain village of Les Haudères is planned to arrive in the regional city of Sion at 11:20 where a train departs the station (located next to the bus station) at 11:24 for Visp. Indeed, it is a familiar sight to for the postal cars to be already lined up outside the station for the arriving train. From this perspective, the Swiss rail network functions as the core of a wider public transport network. Other modes of transport concerned by the integrated timetable are boats (for instance at Thun railway station) and cable transports (for instance at Fiesch railway station).
Costs and subsidies
Although public investment is positively correlated with a given railway system's performance, the European Railway Performance Index finds differences in the value that countries receive in return for their public cost. The 2017 Index found Switzerland captures high value for money relative to the average ratio of performance to cost among European countries.[33]
Passenger transport
In 2012, the total costs for passenger transport on Swiss railway network was CHF 8.88 billion, of which CHF 4.46 billion (50%) were due to infrastructure costs, CHF 3.98 billion (45%) were costs of transportation means, CHF 427 million due to environmental and health costs, and CHF 25 million due to accidents.[34]
CHF 4.28 billion, or 48.2%, were paid by passengers, and CHF 4.15 billion (or 47%) came from rail subsidies provided by federal, cantonal, and municipal contributions. CHF 426 million (or 4.8%) were contributed by the common weal (accident and health insurances, environmental funds etc.).[34]
Freight transport
In 2012, the total costs for freight transport on Swiss railway network was CHF 2.063 billion, of which CHF 779 million (37.8%) were due to infrastructure costs, CHF 900 million (43.6%) were costs of transportation means, CHF 59 million due to environmental and health costs, and CHF 325 million (15.8%) due to accidents.[34]
CHF 1.058 billion, or 51.3%, were paid by customers, and CHF 122 million (5.9%) by transporting companies, while CHF 555 million (26.9%) were subsidised by federal, cantonal, and municipal contributions. CHF 328 millions (15.9%) were contributed by the common weal (accident and health insurances, environmental funds etc.).[34]
See also
- List of railway companies in Switzerland
- High-speed rail in Switzerland
- History of rail transport in Switzerland
- Swiss locomotive and railcar classification
- Transportation in Switzerland
- Tonkin Railway
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ^ a b c "Public transport (incl. rail freight) - overview" (XSL). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Federal Statistical Office. 15 December 2016. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Profil 2014. Faszinierend anders unterwegs" (PDF) (in German). Chur, Switzerland: RhB Rhätische Bahn. 2015. p. 27. Retrieved 2015-04-11.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Betriebsdaten" (in German). Brig, Switzerland: MGB matterhorn gotthard bahn. 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-11.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "zb Geschäftsbericht 2014" (PDF) (Annual Report) (in German). Stansstad (NW), Switzerland: zb Zentralbahn AG. 2015. pp. 31–33. Retrieved 2015-07-13.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Die CJ in Zahlen & Geschäftsbericht 2013" (Annual Report) (in French and German). Tavannes, JU, Switzerland: Chemins de fer du Jura. 14 May 2014. Archived from the original on 2018-01-08. Retrieved 2015-05-21.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "AB Fahren, Geschäftsbericht 2013" (PDF) (Annual Report) (in German). Herisau, Switzerland: Appenzeller Bahnen AG. 2014. p. 32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2015-04-12.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "2014 Rapport de gestion" (PDF) (Annual Report) (in French). Montreux (VD), Switzerland: Compagnie du Chemin de fer Montreux - Oberland bernois SA. 2015. p. 4. Retrieved 2015-07-13.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Die SBB in Zahlen und Fakten. 2014" (PDF) (Jahresbericht) (in German). Bern, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Railways. p. S31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-03. Retrieved 2015-04-11.
- ^ a b c d e f "BLS AG Infrrastructure - Key Figures". Bern, Switzerland: BLS AG. 31 December 2013. Archived from the original on 2016-06-19. Retrieved 2015-04-11.
- ^ a b c d e f "Die SOB in Zahlen" (in German). St. Gallen, Switzerland: Schweizerische Südostbahn AG. Retrieved 2015-04-21.
- ^ a b c d "Bahn S4/S10" (in German). Zurich, Switzerland: Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn SZU AG. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
- ^ a b c d "2014 Rapport de gestion" (PDF) (Annual Report) (in French). Montreux (VD), Switzerland: Transports Montreux - Vevey - Riviera SA. 2015. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-23. Retrieved 2015-07-13.
- ^ a b c "Facts at a glance". Bern, Switzerland: BLS AG. 31 December 2013. Archived from the original on 2016-08-31. Retrieved 2015-04-11.
- ^ "3000km for 41 000km2" (PDF). Osaka-sandai. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
- ^ Keiser, Andreas (19 July 2012). "Rail network modernises to stay on track". Berne, Switzerland: Swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
- ^ "Swiss Rail Passes and Transportation Information - Switzerland Trains". About.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
- ^ "The Swiss Travel System: Trains, Boats, Buses, Cable Cars". Gemüt.com. Archived from the original on 2016-09-01. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
- ^ "Railway upgrades include no fast track - SWI". Berne, Switzerland: Swissinfo.ch. 2010-03-24. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
- ^ Anitra Green (20 September 2012). "Swiss operators optimise short-haul railfreight". International Railway Journal. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. Retrieved 2015-04-21.
- ^ "Transport – Facts and Figures". www.eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
- ^ Imwinkelried, Daniel (18 September 2022). "Das Klimaticket soll Österreicher zum Umsteigen bewegen". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 2022-09-19.
- ^ "the 2017 European Railway Performance Index". Boston Consulting Group. 8 January 2021.
- ^ "the 2017 European Railway Performance Index". Boston Consulting Group. 8 January 2021.
- ^ "UIC country codes, Leaflet 920-14" (XLS or XML) (in German, French, and English). Paris, France: International Union of Railways. 18 April 2014. Retrieved 2011-05-15.
- ^ "CFF Faits et Chiffres". CFF Faits et chiffres (in French). Retrieved 2023-09-14.
- ^ "Infrastructures". Bern, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Railways. 2014. Archived from the original on 2017-02-14. Retrieved 2015-04-11.
- ^ ISBN 0-948106-27-1.
- ^ "Railway upgrades include no fast track - SWI". Swissinfo.ch. 2010-03-24. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
- ^ "Rail 2000: le nouveau tronçon Rothrist - Mattstetten permet de relier Zurich à Berne en moins d'une heure - Le 19h30 - TV - Play RTS - Radio Télévision Suisse". Rts.ch. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
- ^ "Comparative Analysis of Swiss and Japanese Trunk Railway Network Structures" (PDF). Osaka-sandai.ac.jp. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
- ^ a b c Lydia Alonso Martínez. Learning From Swiss Transport Policy (PDF) (Dissertation). Barcelona, Spain: UPC Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya – Barcelona Tech. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
- ^ "Sion-Les Hauderes timetable" (PDF). Fahrplanfelder.ch. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
- ^ "the 2017 European Railway Performance Index". Boston Consulting Group. 8 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Kosten und Finanzierung des Verkehrs Strasse und Schiene 2012" (PDF) (in German). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 10 December 2015. pp. 6, 9, 11. Retrieved 2015-12-20.
Bibliography
- Organ, John (2003). Swiss Narrow Gauge: featuring steam in the Alps. Narrow Gauge Branch Lines series. Midhurst, West Sussex, UK: Middleton Press. ISBN 190170694X.
- Organ, John (2012). Northern Alpine Narrow Gauge: Interlaken to Puchberg. Narrow Gauge Branch Lines series. Midhurst, West Sussex, UK: Middleton Press. ISBN 9781908174376.
- Organ, John (2012). Southern Alpine Narrow Gauge: Montreux to Tirano. Narrow Gauge Branch Lines series. Midhurst, West Sussex, UK: Middleton Press. ISBN 9781908174222.