Rail transportation in the Philippines

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Rail transport in the Philippines
)

No. stations
56 (operational)
Highest elevation208.6 m (684 ft)[2]
 atCamalig, Albay[2]

Rail transportation in the Philippines is currently used mostly to transport passengers within Metro Manila and provinces of Laguna and Quezon, as well as a commuter service in the Bicol Region. Freight transport services once operated in the country, but these services were halted. However, there are plans to restore old freight services and build new lines.[3][4] From a peak of 1,100 kilometers (680 mi),[5] the country currently has a railway footprint of 533.14 kilometers (331.28 mi), of which only 129.85 kilometers (80.69 mi) are operational as of 2024, including all the urban rail lines. World War II, natural calamities, underspending, and neglect have all contributed to the decline of the Philippine railway network.[6] In the 2019 Global Competitiveness Report, the Philippines has the lowest efficiency score among other Asian countries in terms of efficiency of train services, receiving a score of 2.4, and ranking 86th out of 101 countries globally.[7] The government is currently expanding the railway network up to 1,900 kilometers (1,200 mi) by 2022 through numerous projects.[8][9][5]

The Philippine railway network consists of two commuter lines provided by the

intercity rail lines extending from Manila both north and south operated by PNR. There were also lines on the Panay and Cebu islands, operated by Panay Railways, which currently does not own rolling stock or rail, only property. There were also short industrial railways in Negros Island operated by sugar mills such as the Hawaiian-Philippines Company.[10]

History

Luzon

See also: Philippine National Railways § History, and Rail transportation in the Greater Manila Area § History
The "Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan" (ca. 1885).
Repair work on a railway line in Manila, circa pre-1900

There has been rail transport in the

Alfonso XII of Spain promulgated a Royal Decree directing the Office of the Inspector of Public Works of the Philippines to submit a general plan for railroads on Luzon.[12] The plan, which was submitted five months later by Don Eduardo Lopez Navarro, was entitled Memoria Sobre el Plan General de Ferrocarriles en la Isla de Luzón, and was promptly approved. A concession for the construction of a railway line from Manila to Dagupan was granted to Don Edmundo Sykes of the Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan on June 1, 1887.[13] The construction and running of the railway was done by Manila Railway Company Ltd that was a British owned company.[14] The first rail tracks were laid in 1891 and its first commercial run was in 1892.[13]

With the American takeover of the Philippines, the Philippine Commission allowed the Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company (Meralco) to take over the properties of the Compañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas,[15] with the first of twelve mandated electric tranvia (tram) lines operated by Meralco opening in Manila in 1905.[16] At the end of the first year around 63 kilometers (39 mi) of track had been laid.[17] A five-year reconstruction program was initiated in 1920, and by 1924, 170 cars serviced many parts of the city and its outskirts.[17] Although it was an efficient system for the city's 220,000 inhabitants, by the 1930s the streetcar network had stopped expanding.[16][17][18]

At the

terminal of the Philippine National Railways for two lines, to the north and to the south.[11] From the center of Manila towards Baguio in the north, the line ended in San Fernando, La Union while the south line stopped in Legazpi
in the Bicol region. To and from these points it carried people and their goods, their trade and livelihood.

In 1936, the first standard-gauge railway was introduced to the Philippines in the form of two Climax locomotives for the Dahican Lumber Company (DALCO). These were originally built in 1917 for the San Joaquin and Eastern Railroad in California and were sold after their closure in 1933.[19] In July 1941, a 3T type Shay locomotive was also acquired from the Finkbine-Guild Lumber Company. The status of this short-line railroad after the war remains unknown.[20]

Most of the improvements on the rail network were destroyed during

Japanese invasion of the Philippines during the World War II. Of the more than a thousand route-kilometers before the war, only 452 were operational after it. For several years after the war, work was undertaken on what could be salvaged of the railroad system.[21] By the war's end, the tram network was also damaged beyond repair amid a city that lay in ruins. It was dismantled and jeepneys became the city's primary form of transportation, plying the routes once served by the tram lines.[16]
With the return of buses and cars to the streets, traffic congestion became a problem.

In 1966, the Philippine government granted a franchise to Philippine Monorail Transport Systems (PMTS) for the operation of an inner-city

DOTr). The ministry instead called for an elevated system because of the city's many intersections.[16]

Introduction of rapid transit

President

3 were completed.[26] In 2005, the LRTA made a profit of ₱68 million, the first time the agency made a profit since the Line 1 became operational in 1984.[27]

Rehabilitation

In the early 2000s, the government worked to rehabilitate rail transportation in the country, including the Philippine National Railways, through various investments and projects.[13][28] Total reconstruction of rail bridges and tracks, including replacement of the current 35-kilogram (77-pound) track with newer 50-kilogram (110-pound) tracks and the refurbishing of stations, were part of the rehabilitation and expansion process. Much of those plans such as the Northrail Project were controversial and were never completed, due to allegations of being overpriced and anomalous.[29]

MRT Line 3, which deteriorated since 2014 due to poor maintenance,[30] underwent a total rehabilitation from 2019 to 2021, which is intended to restore it to its original state.[31][32]

Expansion

As part of the government's recent investments in transportation in the country, numerous projects are ongoing to expand and rehabilitate the railways in Luzon. Projects include the

Matnog.[33]

The current

PT INKA in Indonesia.[41]

The Panay line in 1917.

Panay

From the beginning of the

Manila Suburban Railways Company.[43] Later the Philippines Railways Construction Company was added.[43] Cornelius Vanderbilt and William Salomon
, among other leading American railwaymen sat on the board.

On May 28, 1906, the

Negros and Cebu.[44]

Engine of the Panay Railways on display in a plaza of Iloilo City.

Construction began on a railroad from Iloilo City to Roxas City in Capiz with crews working from both cities and meeting in the middle in 1907.[42] Operations began immediately upon completion.[42] In 1985, passenger operations ceased while in 1989 freight operations ceased.[45]

Cebu

The Philippine Railway Company, along with operating the Panay line, operated a line in

Argao.[47] The line was built by the related Philippine Railways Construction Company.[48]

Services

Commuter rail

The Philippines currently has three operational commuter lines: the PNR Metro Commuter Line, located in Metro Manila, the PNR Inter-Provincial Commuter between Laguna and Quezon, and the PNR Bicol Commuter Line, located in the Bicol Region. All of these lines are operated by Philippine National Railways.

PNR 9000 class and 8300 class at Alabang station
.

PNR Metro Commuter Line

Main article: PNR Metro Commuter Line

The PNR Metro Commuter line stretches from Tondo, Manila to the southern and northern edge of Metro Manila. It links the cities of Manila, Caloocan, Malabon, Makati, Taguig, Parañaque and Muntinlupa and the province of Laguna.[49] Currently, there are 31 railway stations, with more stations planned to be reopened in the future.[40] The current line is colored orange on most maps.

The line will be superseded by the North–South Commuter Railway upon its completion.

PNR Inter-Provincial Commuter

The Inter-Provincial Commuter is a 44-kilometer (27 mi) commuter and regional rail service between San Pablo, Laguna and Lucena, Quezon. It has been proposed as part of the PNR South Long Haul project in 2019. The service had its first trial run on February 14, 2022, and was reopened on June 26.[50]

Bicol Commuter

The Bicol Commuter service is a

Tagkawayan, Quezon, and Legazpi, Albay, with Naga in Camarines Sur
acting as a central terminal. It has three services: Tagkawayan-Naga (suspended), Sipocot-Naga (operational), and Naga-Legazpi (operational)

The service was first launched on September 16, 2009 as Tagkawayan-Naga and Naga-Ligao.

Sipocot, Naga City and Legazpi. All services used KiHa 52
in revised blue livery.

However after further reductions, only the service between Sipocot and Naga was operating by December 2013.[52] Service resumed between Naga and Legazpi on September 18, 2015, with one train a day.[53] However, services were again cut in April 2017 due to an absence of rolling stock, which was worsened by a succession of typhoons that damaged railroads in the Bicol region.[54]

Definitive plans to restore the entire route from Sipocot, Naga and Legazpi were bared with an inspection trip from Tutuban on September 20, 2019, with a rerailment crew, including certain areas of Quezon Province, in preparation of the restoration of more routes previously suspended.[55] First to be restored was the operation of the Naga-Sipocot segment of the Bicol Commuter service in 2022. On the 31th of July 2022, the PNR resumed operations between Ligao and Naga, with two daily trips in service. The Naga–Legazpi route was reopened on December 27, 2023, six years after its suspension in April 2017 due to insufficient trains.[56]

As of 2024, the train used for the Naga-Legazpi Route is the 8300 class coaches pulled by a INKA CC300 locomotive. While the 8000 class DMU is used in the Naga - Sipocot Line.

Rapid transit

Kamuning station.

There are two rapid transit systems operating in the country: the Manila Light Rail Transit System, and the Manila Metro Rail System, both serving passengers in Metro Manila. Many passengers who ride the systems also take various forms of road-based public transport, such as buses, to and from a station to reach their intended destination.[57] Beep, a contactless smart card

, is used to pay fares for the lines.

Manila Light Rail Transit System

Main article: Manila Light Rail Transit System

The Manila Light Rail Transit System is one of the two

Line 2 The system is under the jurisdiction of the Light Rail Transit Authority, although the Light Rail Manila Corporation
is responsible for the operations and maintenance of Line 1.

Although the system is referred to as a "light rail" system, arguably because the network is mostly elevated, the system is more akin to a rapid transit (metro) system in European-North American terms. The Manila LRT system is the first metro system in Southeast Asia, earlier than the Singapore MRT by three years.[58]

Its 33 stations along over 37.24 kilometers (23.14 mi) of mostly elevated track form two lines. LRT Line 1, opened in 1984, travels a north–south route. LRT Line 2, opened in 2003, travels along an east–west route. All of the stations of LRT lines 1 and 2 are elevated, except for the Katipunan station (which is underground).[59]

The system is not related to the MRT, or the Yellow Line, which forms a completely different but linked system.

Manila Metro Rail Transit System

Main article: Manila Metro Rail Transit System

The Metro Rail Transit (MRT) is the second rapid transit system serving Metro Manila in the Philippines. It originally began as a single line (MRT Line 3) that was first opened in 1999 and became fully operational by the year 2000. The MRT branding is currently associated with rapid transit lines in Metro Manila not under the jurisdiction of the LRTA, including lines 7 and 9, although the three lines will have different operators.

The system currently has 13 stations along 16.9 kilometers (10.5 mi) of mostly elevated track in an orbital north–south route. MRT Line 3, the first line in the system, opened in 1999.

Operators

Philippine National Railways

Main article: Philippine National Railways

The Philippine National Railways (PNR) is a

Spanish colonial period, and later becoming the Manila Railroad Company (MRR) during the American colonial period.[61] It became the Philippine National Railways on June 20, 1964, by virtue of Republic Act No. 4156. The PNR is an agency of the Department of Transportation
.

Light Rail Transit Authority

Main article: Light Rail Transit Authority

The Light Rail Transit Authority, founded in 1981,[62] is the owner of the Manila LRT system. It was the operator of LRT Line 1 and the current operator of LRT Line 2.[63]

Light Rail Manila Corporation

Main article: Light Rail Manila Corporation

Light Rail Manila Corporation is a rail service company formed in 2014. It is the current operator of Line 1.[64][65]

Metro Rail Transit Corporation

Main article: Metro Rail Transit Corporation

A private consortium of seven companies, Metro Rail Transit Corporation is owner and operator of Line 3 under a Build–operate–transfer agreement with the Department of Transportation. It was formed in 1995.[66]

Other

  • Panay Railways: a government owned and controlled corporation of the Philippines, the company previously operated services on the Panay and Cebu islands. Panay Railways currently does not own rail and rolling stock, only properties.[10]
  • SMC-Mass Rail Transit 7: previously known as the Universal LRT Corporation, the company will be the owner and operator of MRT Line 7 upon completion, under a build–operate–transfer agreement with the Department of Transportation. It is a subsidiary of San Miguel Corporation.[67]

Railways under construction

Commuter rail

North–South Commuter Railway

Main article: North–South Commuter Railway

The North–South Commuter Railway (NSCR), is a 147 km (91 mi) railway being constructed in Luzon.[68][69][70] Partial operations will begin by 2026,[71] and full operations is expected to begin by 2029.[72]

Rapid transit

Line extensions

Construction of Batasan station along Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City as of August 2018.

MRT Line 7

Main article:
MRT Line 7

The Metro Rail Transit Line 7 (MRT Line 7) is a

North Avenue, Quezon City
.

Metro Manila Subway

Main article: Metro Manila Subway

The Metro Manila Subway (MMS)

Valenzuela City, Quezon City, Pasig, Makati, Taguig, and Pasay, consists of 15 stations between the Quirino Highway and FTI
stations.

Makati Intra-city Subway

Main article: Makati Intra-city Subway

The Makati Intra-city Subway is an 11-kilometer (6.8 mi)

Line 9 (Metro Manila Subway).[79][81]

Planned or proposed

Rapid transit

Automated Guideway Transit System

Main article: Automated Guideway Transit System project (Philippines)
UP Diliman AGT
Bicutan AGT

The Department of Science and Technology has commenced a project to develop a locally designed and manufactured Automated Guideway Transit System.

  • Bicutan AGT — Originally one of the two proposed AGT lines, the other being the cancelled UP Diliman AGT. It will follow the alignment of General Santos Avenue and C-6 road in southern Taguig, connecting the offices of DOST and nearby areas.

Monorail

  • Baguio Monorail — A 4-km elevated monorail with 8 stations around the central business area will be funded by Metro Global Holdings Corporation through a public-private partnership.[85][86]
  • Davao People Mover — A 28-kilometer monorail project has been endorsed by the City Government of Davao to the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and Philippine National Railways (PNR).[87]
  • Iloilo Monorail — BYD, a Shenzhen-based company conducted a two-month feasibility study to construct a monorail in Iloilo. The first phase of the 20-kilometer (12-mile) system was expected to start operations by 2019.[88][89] This project was shelved after 2018.
  • SkyTrain (Metro Manila) — The construction of the SkyTrain is projected to cost ₱3.5 billion and is yet to commence.[90][91][92] Infracorp will construct the monorail line for two years and planned to make the SkyTrain operational by the end of 2021. Infracorp aimed to commence Groundbreaking in Late 2020, but not update has been given as of December 7, 2020.[90] The Monorail is also set to connect to the Makati Intra-city Subway, MRT 3 Guadalupe, and the Pasig River Ferry Service.[93]
  • Cebu Monorail — Previously the Cebu LRT,[94] the system will have two lines. One will be Central Line passing through downtown Cebu and its neighboring areas, and the Airport Line heading towards Mactan–Cebu International Airport.[95] It is set to open before the end of 2021.[96]
  • Pasay Monorail — A 1.89 km monorail that will connect with MRT-3 Taft Station and LRT-1 EDSA Station to SM Mall of Asia.[97]
  • Pasig City Transit Express — A 16.35 kilometer monorail that connects within the urban of
    Pasig City.[98]

Light rail

Heavy rail

Commuter rail

  • The PNR Northeast Commuter Line or Cabanatuan–Makati line is a proposed reconstruction of the Balagtas–Cabanatuan branch of the North Main Line. It will branch off the northern half of the North–South Commuter Railway at Balagtas station in Bulacan. Once completed, it will become one of the three major commuter rail corridors in the Greater Capital Region, which consists of the NSCR and the intercity section of the South Main Line. It will connect Nueva Ecija and eastern Bulacan with Makati City in southern Metro Manila.[110] There is also a proposed extension to San Jose, sealing a loop with the NSCR North Phase 4 between Tarlac City in Tarlac and San Jose.[111]
  • The Cavite–Laguna Railway is a rail line connecting the two provinces neighboring Metro Manila to the south, Cavite and Laguna.[112]

Intercity rail

A map of the PNR Luzon System development prior to 2019.

Freight rail

  • The Subic–Clark Railway will be part of the PNR Luzon system development. Initially a freight railway, the line will connect Clark and New Clark City to Subic, forming a connected logistics hub in Central Luzon.[129]
  • Manila–Laguna freight revival – The Department of Transportation said it plans to revive the operation of a container cargo rail from Port Area in Manila to Laguna province.[3] The tracks towards the berths of Manila International Container Terminal and Manila North Harbor to Laguna Gateway Inland Container Terminal in Calamba, Laguna will be revived to restart the container cargo service.[3]
  • North Philippine Dry Port Container Rail Transport Service shall connect freight trains from the Port of Manila to an inland terminal in Balagtas, Bulacan.[130]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Combined ridership of the four currently operational lines.
  2. ^ a b c Excluding the now-closed PNR Metro Commuter Line.[1]
  3. ^ a b c d e Operational length. With the completion of the NSCR, another 147 km (91 mi) of electrified double-track will be added.
  4. ^ a b c d e Does not include MRT and LRT lines under construction.
  5. ^ Around 2,860 km (1,780 mi) of standard-gauge tracks will be built for the North–South Commuter Railway, PNR South Main Line, Mindanao Railway and Clark–Subic freight line.

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Sources

Further reading

External links

Media related to Rail transport in the Philippines at Wikimedia Commons

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