Raipur district
Raipur district | |
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Coordinates (Raipur): 20°55′N 82°00′E / 20.917°N 82.000°E | |
Country | India |
State | Chhattisgarh |
Division | Raipur |
Headquarters | Raipur |
Area | |
• Total | 2,891.98 km2 (1,116.60 sq mi) |
Population (2011) | |
• Total | 2,160,876 |
• Density | 750/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
Demographics | |
Average annual precipitation | 1385 mm |
Website | raipur |
Raipur district is a
History
Raipur district, like the rest of the Chhattisgarh plain, was once known as Dakshina Kosala and considered to be under Maurya Empire. In Arang near Raipur, a Gupta inscription dated to the 6th century CE shows Gupta hegemony over the region. In the 7th century CE, the region was ruled by a Buddhist kingdom in Bhandak in modern-day Maharashtra and was described by Xuanzang. A branch of this family later migrated to Sirpur in present-day Mahasamund district, and later took control of the entirety of Dakshina Kosala. This kingdom's prosperity reached its height with Tivaradeva. His son inscribed almost all temples in Sirpur. They were later ousted by the Sharabpuriyas, who took control of the rest of Chhattisgarh and ruled for several centuries.
The Haihayas or Kalachuris, who claimed descent from the Chedis, later took control of the region in the early 9th century. The Haihaiya ruled Mughatunga was the first of the dynasty to rule Chhattisgarh, and his grandson set up the capital in Ratanpur, modern Bilaspur district. Their territory included modern Raipur. The Kalachuris controlled the region from Ratanpur the next three centuries, building many temples throughout their kingdom. By the 12th century, many small portions of their realm were given as fiefdoms to minor princes of the family and their power declined. The Haihaiyas of the Raipur branch then began to gain strength: one of their kings conquered 18 garh, or forts, of the enemy - lending an etymology to Chhattisgarh, the 36 forts. They ruled until the reign of Amar Singh Deva in 1741.
In the mid-16th century, Kalyan Singh, current ruler of Raipur, took audience with Akbar and was rewarded with the title of Raja and other high titles. This was the first Muslim influence in Chhattisgarh, which would always remain limited. By the early 18th century, the Kalachuris had become the overlords of a large number of divided petty chiefdoms, but with little authority. The Kalachuri ruler Raghunath Singh was the final independent ruler from Ratanpur, and in 1740 the Maratha general Bhaskar Pant invaded the region. A despondent, heirless Singh did not put up much resistance, and the Marathas took the region with little loss. Raghunath Singh continued ruling as a Maratha vassal. In 1745, Raghunath Singh died and Pant installed Mohan Singh, a loyal Maratha vassal from the dynasty, on the throne, where he ruled until 1758 when his son Bhimbaji took control with Maratha support. Bhimbaji ruled virtually independently of Nagpur, but his brother Venkoji who succeeded him was far less interested in administration than Nagpur court politics. Although a subah, a governor, was appointed by Venkoji to administer the region for him, this was resisted and real administration of the region was done by Bhimaji's widow Anandi Bai and a council of ministers. After Anandi Bai's death in the early 19th century, the region was ruled by a series of governors under a very loose control of Nagpur and often exploited the office to become rich. After the Third Anglo-Maratha war in 1818, a British colonel administered the region. British accounts claim the people were 'oppressed' by the Marathas, especially their pindari raids. The country returned to rule by subahs from Nagpur in 1830, but Raipur was too remote to have much contact with the government. This continued until the annexation of Nagpur under the Doctrine of Lapse in 1854.[1]
Amar Singh, the ruler of Raipur, continued ruling without Maratha interference until 1750. On his death, the Maratha government confiscated his holdings but later returned it to his son, whose family continued to hold revenue rights until Independence.[1]
Geography
It is situated between 22° 33' N to 21°14'N
The district borders Baloda Bazar district to the north, Mahasamund district to the east, Gariaband and Dhamtari districts to the south, and Durg and Bemetara districts to the west.
The Mahanadi River is the principal river of this district.
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Divisions
Raipur district is administratively divided into 4
Villages
- • Sejbahar
Demographics
According to the
Languages
At the time of the
Bhunjia, spoken by approximately 7000 Bhunjia Adivasis.[5]
Culture
Women are fond of 'Kachhora' a typical manner of wearing
Gouri-Goura, Surti, Hareli,
Children play 'gedi' (walking on bamboo) from the festival of hareli to pola. They display various feats on gedi and participate in gedi race. Hareli is also beginning of festivals for Chhattisgarhi people. Pola and Teeja follow Hareli. People celebrate POLA by worshipping Bullocks. Bull race is also a major event of the festival. Children play with Nandia-Bail (Nandi the Vahan of Lord Shiva) idols made of clay and fitted with clay wheels. Teeja is the festival of women. All married women pray for the welfare of their husbands on this occasion. The custom is to perform this prayer at the parents' place of the women . They eagerly wait for this occasion to come to spend some time at their birth places in festive and devotional mood. The feeling of togetherness and social harmony is filled in every festival and art of Chhattisgarh culture.one and only midday newspaper jantaserishta published from capitol city raipur sine 10 years
References
- ^ a b "Central Provinces District Gazetteers: Raipur District, Volume A descriptive". INDIAN CULTURE. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ "District Census Handbook: Raipur" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Chhattisgarh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Chhattisgarh". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bhunjia: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 2011-09-30.