Ram (album)
Ram | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Studio album by Paul and Linda McCartney | ||||
Released | 17 May 1971 | |||
Recorded | 16 October 1970 – 1 March 1971 | |||
Studio |
| |||
Genre | ||||
Length | 43:15 | |||
Label | Apple | |||
Producer |
| |||
Paul McCartney chronology | ||||
| ||||
Linda McCartney chronology | ||||
| ||||
Singles from Ram | ||||
|
Ram is the only
The album's release coincided with a period of acrimony between McCartney and his former Beatle bandmates, and followed his legal action in the United Kingdom's
In 1971, McCartney produced Thrillington, an instrumental interpretation of Ram that was released in 1977 under the pseudonym Percy 'Thrills' Thrillington. In 2012, an expanded edition of Ram was reissued with over two dozen bonus tracks as part of the Paul McCartney Archive Collection. In 2023, Ram was ranked number 450 on Rolling Stone's list of the greatest albums of all time.[6]
Background
Paul McCartney and his family flew to New York City in October 1970 to begin working on the follow-up to
Songs and production
The basic tracks for the album were taped at
"Ram On", from the album's first side, is reprised on the second side,[nb 3] before the album's final track, "The Back Seat of My Car".[nb 4][17] A group of New York based freelancers including past and present members[19] of the New York Philharmonic was brought in by McCartney to play on "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey", "Long Haired Lady" and "The Back Seat of My Car",[8][11] as well as the McCartneys' song "Another Day", with arrangements by George Martin.[20] "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" is in a similar vein to the Abbey Road medley, as the song consisted of several unfinished songs combined into one.[21][22] Music videos were made for "3 Legs" and "Heart of the Country", from footage that was filmed at High Park, Campbeltown on 5-6 June 1971,[23] and edited together by Ray Benson.
The project moved to Sound Recording in Los Angeles, where much of the backing vocals were recorded.
The recording project also yielded the independent single "
References to the Beatles and others
According to
Release
"Another Day" / "Oh Woman, Oh Why" was released that February and became a worldwide Top 5 hit.[36] In May, Ram was unveiled,[8] on the 17th in the US and on the 21st in the UK.[11] "The Back Seat of My Car" was excerpted as a UK single[nb 8] that August, only reaching number 39,[37] but the US release[nb 9] of the ambitious "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" proved much more successful, giving McCartney his first number 1 single since leaving the Beatles.[21][36][38] The album reached number 1 in the UK and number 2 in the US,[39][40] where it spent over five months in the Top 10 and went platinum. Despite the phasing-out of monaural albums by the late 1960s, Ram was pressed in mono with unique mixes that differ from the common stereo version. These were only made available to radio stations and are among the most valuable and sought-after of Paul McCartney's solo records.[10][41] The album has sold over 3 million copies.[15]
In July,
Critical reception
Upon its release, Ram was poorly received by music critics. McCartney was particularly hurt by the harsh reviews − especially as he had attempted to address the points raised in criticism of his earlier album, McCartney, by adopting a more professional approach this time around.[45] In his review for Rolling Stone, Jon Landau called Ram "incredibly inconsequential" and "monumentally irrelevant," and criticised its lack of intensity and energy. He added that it exposes McCartney as having "benefited immensely from collaboration" with the Beatles, particularly John Lennon, who "held the reins in on McCartney's cutsie-pie, florid attempts at pure rock muzak" and kept him from "going off the deep end that leads to an album as emotionally vacuous as Ram."[46] Playboy accused McCartney of "substituting facility for any real substance," and compared it to "watching someone juggle five guitars: It's fairly impressive, but you keep wondering why he bothers."[47] In NME, Alan Smith further called it "an excursion into almost unrelieved tedium" and "the worst thing Paul McCartney has ever done."[48] Robert Christgau, writing in The Village Voice, called it "a bad record, a classic form/content mismatch," and felt that McCartney succumbed to "conspicuous consumption" by overworking himself and obscenely producing a style of music meant to be soft and whimsical.[49] In a slightly more positive note, Chris Charlesworth of Melody Maker found Ram an overall better record than McCartney, but still found it subpar to the recent releases of Harrison and Lennon. Charlesworth concluded: "A good album by anybody's standards and certainly far better than the majority released by British groups and singers. Trouble is you expect too much from a man like Paul McCartney."[50] Writing four years later, Roy Carr and Tony Tyler from NME suggested that "it would be naive to have expected the McCartneys to produce anything other than a mediocre record ... Grisly though this was, McCartney was to sink lower before rescuing his credibility late in 1973."[51]
McCartney's fellow ex-Beatles, all of whom were riding high in critical favour with their recent releases, were likewise vocal in their negativity.[52] Lennon hated the album, dismissing his former songwriting partner's efforts as "muzak to my ears" in his song "How Do You Sleep?" Starr told the UK's Melody Maker: "I feel sad about Paul's albums ... I don't think there's one [good] tune on the last one, Ram ... he seems to be going strange."[53] In addition to conducting a war of words in the British music press,[12] "Crippled Inside", another track on Lennon's Imagine album, was also thought to be directed at McCartney.[12][28] Early editions of Imagine included a postcard of Lennon pulling the ears of a pig in a parody of Ram's cover photograph of McCartney holding a ram by the horns.[28][33][54]
Retrospect
Review scores | |
---|---|
Source | Rating |
AllMusic | [2] |
American Songwriter | [55] |
Blender | [56] |
Christgau's Record Guide | C+[57] |
Mojo | [58] |
MusicHound Rock | 3.5/5[59] |
Pitchfork | 9.2/10[60] |
Q | [61] |
Rolling Stone | [5] |
Uncut | 8/10[62] |
The 2012 reissue of Ram received an aggregate score of 86 out of 100 from Metacritic, based on twelve reviews – a score that the website defines as indicating "universal acclaim".[63] Reviewing this issue, Mojo said that "today it sounds quintessentially McCartney."[58] AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote: "in retrospect it looks like nothing so much as the first indie pop album, a record that celebrates small pleasures with big melodies."[2] Pitchfork's Jayson Greene similarly felt McCartney was "inventing an approach to pop music that would eventually become someone else's indie pop," and called Ram "a domestic-bliss album, one of the weirdest, earthiest, and most honest ever made."[60] Simon Vozick-Levinson of Rolling Stone dubbed it a "daffy masterpiece" and "a grand psychedelic ramble full of divine melodies and orchestral frippery."[5]
David Quantick of Uncut felt that, although it is not as "legendary" as publicised, the album is "occasionally brilliant and historically fascinating" as "post-Beatles mish-mash."[62] Steven Hyden, writing for The A.V. Club, said that the "lightweight" style that was originally panned by critics is "actually (when heard with sympathetic ears) a big part of what makes it so appealing."[64] However, Q magazine still found Ram to be "frustratingly uneven."[61] In a retrospective review in 1981, Robert Christgau panned McCartney's songs as pretentious "crotchets ... so lightweight they float away even as Paulie layers them down with caprices."[57]
Reissues
In 1977, McCartney supervised the release of an instrumental interpretation of Ram (recorded in June 1971 and arranged by Richard Hewson) with the release of Thrillington under the pseudonym of Percy "Thrills" Thrillington.[65] Thrillington was later released as part of the 2012 super-deluxe release of Ram.[66]
Ram, along with McCartney's Wings over America and Tug of War albums, was issued in the US on compact disc on 18 January 1988.[nb 10][67] In 1993, the album was remastered and reissued on CD as part of The Paul McCartney Collection series with "Another Day" and "Oh Woman, Oh Why" as bonus tracks.[nb 11][20] That same year Digital Compact Classics released an audiophile edition prepared by Steve Hoffman.[nb 12]
On 21 May 2012 (in the UK) and 22 May (in the US), the album was reissued by McCartney's current label, Hear Music as part of the Paul McCartney Archive Collection.[66][68] This reissue included the mono mix, which had never been issued previously on compact disc, except by bootleggers.[10] The mono version was also released commercially in 2012, albeit as a limited edition LP.[nb 13][66] The 2012 reissue was accompanied by a Record Store Day-exclusive edition of the "Another Day" single.[69]
Tributes
In 2009, two tribute albums featuring all of the songs from the album were put together:
- Ram On L.A was compiled by the website Aquarium Drunkard and released as a digital download, featuring Los Angeles-based acts.[70][71]
- Tom: A Best Show on WFMU Tribute to Ram was put together by WFMU DJ Tom Scharpling for the New Jersey radio station's annual fundraising marathon as a CD made available exclusively to those who donated to his show. Artists included Aimee Mann, Death Cab for Cutie and Ted Leo, among others.[72]
In 2012, Danish rock singer/songwriter Tim Christensen, American singer/songwriters Mike Viola and Tracy Bonham, and Christensen's solo band the Damn Crystals did a one-off tribute show, performing Ram in full, along with other McCartney post-Beatles songs,[73] at Vega in Copenhagen, in celebration of McCartney's 70th birthday.[74] In 2013, this tribute concert was released as the DVD/CD and DVD/2-LP album Pure McCartney.
In 2021, Denny Seiwell teamed up with Fernando Perdomo to produce Ram On: The 50th Anniversary Tribute to Paul and Linda McCartney's Ram. The album has over 100 musicians from all over the world creating a new version of Ram and the single tracks "Another Day" and "Oh Woman, Oh Why". The contributors included Seiwell, Spinozza, and Marvin Stamm from the original sessions, along with Davey Johnstone, Will Lee, Joey Santiago of the Pixies, Eric Dover formerly of Jellyfish, and Carnie Wilson. Cherry Red Records released the album on May 17, 2021.
Track listing
Side one
- "Too Many People" (Paul McCartney) – 4:10
- "3 Legs" (P. McCartney) – 2:44
- "Ram On" (P. McCartney) – 2:26
- "Dear Boy" (P. McCartney, Linda McCartney) – 2:12
- "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" (P. McCartney, L. McCartney) – 4:49
- "Smile Away" (P. McCartney) – 3:51
Side two
- "Heart of the Country" (P. McCartney, L. McCartney) – 2:21
- "Monkberry Moon Delight" (P. McCartney, L. McCartney) – 5:21
- "Eat at Home" (P. McCartney, L. McCartney) – 3:18
- "Long Haired Lady" (P. McCartney, L. McCartney) – 5:54
- "Ram On (Reprise)" (P. McCartney) – 0:52
- "The Back Seat of My Car" (P. McCartney) – 4:26
Archive Collection Reissue
Ram was reissued in several packages:[66]
- Standard Edition[nb 14] (1-CD): the original 12-track album
- Standard Edition (digital download): the original 12-track album
- Special Edition[nb 15][nb 16] (2-CD): the original 12-track album on the first disc, plus 8 bonus tracks on a second disc
- Deluxe Edition Box Set[nb 17][nb 18] (4-CD/1-DVD): the original 12-track album, the bonus tracks disc, the original album in mono, Thrillington, DVD of films (including the documentary Ramming narrated by Paul and directed by Ben Ib, as well as the original music videos for "Heart of the Country" and "3 Legs"), 112-page book, 5 prints, 8 facsimiles of lyric sheets, photograph book, and a download link to all of the material
- Remastered vinyl[nb 19] (2-LP, with a download link to the material): the same tracks as the Special Edition release
- Remastered mono vinyl[nb 20] (1-LP): a limited edition release of the mono mixes
- Remastered Record Store Day 2012-exclusive vinyl single of "Another Day" b/w "Oh Woman, Oh Why"[75]
- 50th Anniversary Half-Speed Remaster Vinyl (2021)
Disc 1 – Ram The original 12-track album. Disc 2 – Bonus audio All songs written by Paul McCartney, except "Another Day", "Little Woman Love", and "Hey Diddle", written with Linda McCartney.
Disc 3 – Ram mono The mono version of the original 12-song album. |
Disc 4 – Thrillington Writing credits correspond to that of the original album.
Disc 5 – DVD
Digital-only bonus tracks (available only on Paulmccartney.com and iTunes)[76]
|
Personnel
- Paul McCartney – lead and harmony vocals, acoustic and electric guitars, ukulele on "Ram On", bass, piano, keyboards
- Linda McCartney – harmony and backing vocals; co-lead vocals on "Long Haired Lady"
- David Spinozza – guitar on "3 Legs", "Eat at Home", "The Back Seat of My Car", and "Another Day"
- Hugh McCracken – guitar
- Denny Seiwell – drums
- Heather McCartney – backing vocals on "Monkberry Moon Delight"
- Marvin Stamm – flugelhorn on "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey"
- New York Philharmonic on "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey","Long Haired Lady", and "The Back Seat of My Car"
Charts
Weekly charts
|
|
Year-end charts
|
Certifications
|
References
Footnotes
- ^ Seiwell would later become the drummer of the McCartneys' new band, Wings.[8]
- ^ This composition is made up of two songs: "Long Haired Lady" and "Love Is Long", making it the longest track on the album.[16]
- ^ Near the end of the reprise version of "Ram On" McCartney sings lyrics from Wings' "Big Barn Bed".[17]
- ^ An early version of "The Back Seat of My Car" was premiered during the Beatles' Get Back/Let It Be sessions in January 1969.[18]
- ^ Spinozza played lead guitar on "Get on the Right Thing", while McCracken played it on "Little Lamb Dragonfly".[29]
- ^ In the original version of the line "You took your lucky break and broke it in two," "You" was "Yoko."[33]
- ^ In a December 1997 interview granted to Q magazine regarding whether the significance of this image was simply "fuck the Beatles," McCartney agreed, explaining the image had been taken by Linda, "then the significance hit us. We saw that pun, yeah, thought why not?"[35]
- ^ UK Apple R 5914
- ^ US Apple 1837
- ^ US Capitol CDP 7 46612 2
- ^ Europe Parlophone CDPMCOL 2/0777 7 89139 2 4
- ^ US DCC Compact Classics GZS-1037
- ^ Europe Hear Music HRM-33452-01
- ^ Europe Hear Music HRM-33448-02/0888072334489
- ^ Europe Hear Music HRM-33449-02/0888072334496
- ^ US Hear Music HRM-33449-02
- ^ Europe Hear Music HRM-33450-00
- ^ US Hear Music HRM-33450-00
- ^ Europe Hear Music HRM-33451-01
- ^ Europe Hear Music HRM-33452-01
Citations
- ^ a b "1971's best rock albums". Ultimate Classic Rock. 5 April 2016.
- ^ a b c Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Ram – Paul McCartney / Linda McCartney". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
- ^ Dayal, Raj (22 May 2012). "Paul McCartney: Ram". American Songwriter. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
- ^ Gabriela, Josefina (28 February 2019). "Paul McCartney's Most Underrated Work-". Rock Music Revival. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
- ^ a b c Vozick-Levinson, Simon (22 May 2012). "Ram: Deluxe Edition". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 18 March 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
- ^ "500 Greatest Albums: Ram – Paul and Linda McCartney". Rolling Stone. 31 December 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Sounes, p. 273.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Perone, p. 147.
- ^ "Album – Paul McCartney". paulmccartney.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
- ^ a b c d Madinger & Easter, p. 157.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7119-8307-6.
- ^ a b c d Badman, p. 22.
- ISBN 978-0-063-00072-8.
- ^ Sounes, p. 275.
- ^ a b Spizer, p. 128.
- ^ Perone, p. 152.
- ^ a b c Perone, p. 149.
- ^ Perone, p. 153.
- ISBN 978-0-063-00072-8.
- ^ a b Perone, p. 154.
- ^ a b Perone, p. 150.
- ^ Raymer & Colebrook, pp 48–49.
- ISBN 978-0-063-00072-8.
- ^ a b c Dirani, Claudio (2005). "Interview with Eirik Wangberg". Paul McCartney Project. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
- ^ Sounes, p. 279.
- ^ Classic Rock. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
- ^ a b Calkin, Graham (2001). "Ram". jpgr.com. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
- ^ a b c Sounes, p. 290.
- ^ a b Benitez, p. 45.
- ISBN 978-88-909122-1-4, 2013, p.56.
- ISBN 1-906-00202-9p. 59
- ^ a b Brown, p. 351.
- ^ a b c d Perone, p. 148.
- ^ Goodman, Joan (December 1984). "Playboy Interview: Paul and Linda McCartney". Playboy. Posted at "Playboy Interview With Paul and Linda McCartney". beatlesinterviews.org. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
- ^ Q Magazine, December 1997 edition
- ^ a b "Paul McCartney singles". AllMusic. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
- ^ Ingham, p. 139.
- ^ Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. 28 February 1970. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
- ^ a b c "The Official Charts Company – Paul And Linda McCartney – Ram". UK Albums Chart. Archived from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
- ^ a b "Ram Chart History". Billboard. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ Spizer, p. 132.
- New York Times, 23 July 1971, p. 15.
- ^ McNicoll, Don. (AP) "McCartney album jumps legal snags, sure to be a hit" The Miami News 22 May 1971: 8-A
- ^ Perry, Rupert. Northern Songs: The True Story of the Beatles Song Publishing Empire (2006)
- ^ Schaffner, p. 144.
- ^ Landau, Jon (8 July 1971). "Paul McCartney Ram > Album Review". Rolling Stone. No. 86. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2006.
- Playboy. September 1971.
- ^ Smith, Alan (22 May 1971). "Paul and Linda McCartney: Ram (Apple)". NME. Retrieved 10 March 2021 – via Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
- ^ Christgau, Robert (September 1971). "Living Without the Beatles". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
- ^ Charlesworth, Chris (22 May 1971). "Paul McCartney: Ram (Apple)". Melody Maker. Retrieved 10 March 2021 – via Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
- ^ Carr & Tyler, p. 95.
- ^ Woffinden, p. 52.
- ^ Badman, p. 39.
- ^ Norman, p. 672.
- ^ Dayal, Raj (22 May 2012). "Paul McCartney: Ram". American Songwriter. Archived from the original on 5 April 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
- ^ Rosen, Jody. "Paul McCartney: Ram". Blender. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- ^ ISBN 089919026X. Archivedfrom the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2019 – via robertchristgau.com.
- ^ a b "Paul & Linda McCartney: Ram". Mojo. No. 223. June 2012. p. 100.
- ISBN 1-57859-061-2.
- ^ a b Greene, Jayson (24 May 2012). "Paul McCartney / Linda McCartney: Ram". Pitchfork. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Paul & Linda McCartney: Ram". Q. No. 311. June 2012. p. 118.
- ^ a b Quantick, David (June 2012). "Paul McCartney – Ram [reissue]". Uncut. No. 181. p. 96. Archived from the original on 5 April 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
- ^ "Ram [Deluxe Edition] by Paul & Linda McCartney". Metacritic. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
- ^ Hyden, Steven (22 May 2012). "Paul and Linda McCartney: Ram". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
- ^ Sounes, p. 284.
- ^ a b c d "Paul and Linda McCartney's Legendary Album RAM Set for Deluxe Reissue". paulmccartney.com. 22 March 2012. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
- ISBN 978-0-7119-8307-6.
- ^ Marchese, Joe. "Ram On: Paul McCartney Archive Collection's "Ram" Coming This Spring, Previewed on Record store Day". The Second Disc. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ^ "PAUL MCCARTNEY Another Day / Oh Woman Oh Why". recordstoreday.com. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- ^ Bronson, Kevin (18 March 2009). "11 L.A. artists honour Paul McCartney's 'Ram'". Pop & Hiss. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ "RAM On L.A. :: A Los Angeles Music Sampler". Aquarium Drunkard. 2 March 2009. Archived from the original on 2 June 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
- ^ Jam, Billy (9 September 2009). "Tom Scharpling on his Paul McCartney Ram album tribute". Amoeba Music. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2017.
- ^ Christensen, Tim (22 January 2013). "DVD-release: The Pure McCartney-tribute show" Archived 24 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine. The Official Tim Christensen Blog.
- ^ Bertelsen, Mikkel Drejer (22 March 2012). "Tim C hylder Paul McCartney" Archived 22 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine (Tim C celebrates Paul McCartney). GAFFA. (in Danish)
- ^ "Paul McCartney – Another Day / Oh Woman, Oh Why (Vinyl)". Discogs.com. 22 April 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
- ^ "Sir Paul McCartney 'RAM' tracklisting, reissue details revealed". paulmccartney.com. 19 April 2012. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-646-11917-5.
- ^ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 16, No. 6". RPM. 25 September 1971. Archived from the original on 5 April 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
- ^ a b "dutchcharts.nl Paul & Linda McCartney – Ram". Hung Medien, dutchcharts.nl (in Dutch). MegaCharts. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ^ "InfoDisc : Tous les Albums classés par Artiste > Choisir Un Artiste Dans la Liste". infodisc.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 28 December 2010. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
- ISBN 978-4-87131-077-2.
- ^ a b "norwegiancharts.com Paul & Linda McCartney – Ram". VG-lista. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ISBN 978-84-8048-639-2.
- ^ "Swedish Charts 1969 – 1972 (in PDF-files)" (PDF) (in Swedish). Hitsallertijden. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.Note: Ram peaked at number-three on the Kvällstoppen best-selling records list in June 1971, behind "Funny Funny" by The Sweet and "Going Back to Indiana" by Jackson 5.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-87833-304-2.
- ^ "Album Search: Paul & Linda McCartney: Ram" (in German). Media Control. Retrieved 3 October 2011.[dead link]
- ^ "austriancharts.at Paul & Linda McCartney – RAM" (ASP). Hung Medien (in German). Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ^ "ultratop.be Paul & Linda McCartney – RAM" (ASP). Hung Medien (in Dutch). Ultratop. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ^ "ultratop.be Paul & Linda McCartney – RAM" (ASP). Hung Medien (in French). Ultratop. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Archivedfrom the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- ^ "ポール&リンダ・マッカートニー-リリース-ORICON STYLE-ミュージック Highest position and charting weeks of Ram by Paul & Linda McCartney". oricon.co.jp. Oricon Style (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ^ "spanishcharts.com – Paul & Linda McCartney – RAM" (ASP). Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ^ "swedishcharts.com Paul & Linda McCartney – RAM" (ASP) (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ^ Caulfield, Keith (1 June 2012). "Chart Moves: Kimbra Debuts in Top 20 on Billboard 200, McCartney's 'Ram' Returns". billboard.biz. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ^ "Dutch charts jaaroverzichten 1971" (ASP) (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
- ^ "Les Albums (CD) de 1971 par InfoDisc" (in French). infodisc.fr. Archived from the original (PHP) on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
- ^ "The Official UK Charts Company : ALBUM CHART HISTORY". Archived from the original on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 17 December 2007.
- ^ 1971 Year-end Albums – The Billboard Pop Albums. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 25 December 1971. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
- ^ "Canadian album certifications – Paul McCartney – Ram". Music Canada.
- ^ "British album certifications – Paul McCartney – Ram". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
- ^ "American album certifications – Paul McCartney – Ram". Recording Industry Association of America.
Sources
- Badman, Keith (2001). The Beatles Diary Volume 2: After the Break-Up 1970–2001. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-8307-6.
- Benitez, Vincent P. (2010). The Words and Music of Paul McCartney: The Solo Years. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-34969-0.
- ISBN 978-0-451-20735-7.
- Carr, Roy; Tyler, Tony (1978). The Beatles: An Illustrated Record. London: Trewin Copplestone Publishing. ISBN 978-0-450-04170-9.
- Castleman, Harry; Podrazik, Walter J. (1976). All Together Now: The First Complete Beatles Discography 1961–1975. New York, NY: Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-345-25680-5.
- Doggett, Peter (2011). You Never Give Me Your Money: The Beatles After the Breakup. New York, NY: It Books. ISBN 978-0-06-177418-8.
- Ingham, Chris (2003). The Rough Guide to The Beatles. London: Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84353-140-1.
- Madinger, Chip; Easter, Mark (2000). Eight Arms to Hold You: The Solo Beatles Compendium. Chesterfield, MO: 44.1 Productions. ISBN 978-0-615-11724-9.
- Norman, Philip (2008). John Lennon: The Life. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-075401-3.
- Perone, James E. (2012). The Album: A Guide to Pop Music's Most Provocative, Influential, and Important Creations. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-37907-9.
- Raymer, Miles; ISBN 978-1-61758-784-9.
- Rodriguez, Robert (2010). Fab Four FAQ 2.0: The Beatles' Solo Years, 1970–1980. Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-1-4165-9093-4.
- Schaffner, Nicholas (1978). The Beatles Forever. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-055087-2.
- Sounes, Howard (2010). Fab: An Intimate Life of Paul McCartney. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-723705-0.
- Spizer, Bruce (2005). The Beatles Solo on Apple Records. New Orleans, LA: 498 Productions. ISBN 978-0-9662649-5-1.
- Woffinden, Bob (1981). The Beatles Apart. London: Proteus. ISBN 978-0-906071-89-2.
- Further reading
- McGee, Garry (2003). Band on the Run; A History of Paul McCartney and Wings. New York: Taylor Trade Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87833-304-2.