Ram Prasad Bismil
Execution by hanging | |
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Nationality | British Indian |
Other names |
|
Occupations | |
Organization | Hindustan Republican Association |
Movement | India's independence |
Criminal charge | Robbery |
Criminal penalty | Capital punishment |
Criminal status | Executed |
Ram Prasad Bismil (
He was also a multilingual translator and his Hindi poem "Manipuri ki Pratigya" became very famous.
Early life
Ram Prasad Bismil was born on 11 June 1897 to Muralidhar and Moolmati devi in
Contact with Somdev
As an 18-year-old student, Bismil read of the death sentence passed on Bhai Parmanand, a scholar and companion of Har Dayal. At that time he was regularly attending the Arya Samaj Temple at Shahjahanpur daily, where Swami Somdev, a friend of Paramanand, was staying.[8] Angered by the sentence, Bismil composed a poem in Hindi titled Mera Janm (en: My Birth), which he showed to Somdev. This poem demonstrated a commitment to remove the British control over India.[9]
Lucknow Congress
Bismil left school in the following year and travelled to
Mainpuri conspiracy
Bismil formed a revolutionary organisation called Matrivedi (Altar of Motherland) and contacted
On 28 January 1918, Bismil published a pamphlet titled Deshvasiyon Ke Nam Sandesh (A Message to Countrymen), which he distributed along with his poem Mainpuri Ki Pratigya (Vow of Mainpuri). To collect funds for the party looting was undertaken on three occasions in 1918. Police searched for them in and around Mainpuri while they were selling books proscribed by the U.P. Government in the Delhi Congress of 1918. When police found them, Bismil absconded with the books unsold. When he was planning another looting between Delhi and Agra, a police team arrived and firing started from both the sides. Bismil jumped into the
Underground activities by Bismil
From 1919 to 1920 Bismil remained inconspicuous, moving around various villages in Uttar Pradesh and producing several books. Among these was a collection of poems written by him and others, entitled Man Ki Lahar, while he also translated two works from Bengali (Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot and Yogik Sadhan) and fabricated Catherine or Swadhinta Ki Devi from an English text. He got all these books published through his own resources under Sushilmala – a series of publications except one Yogik Sadhan which was given to a publisher who absconded and could not be traced. These books have since been found. Another of Bismil's books, Kranti Geetanjali, was published in 1929 after his death and was proscribed by British Raj in 1931.[13]
Formation of Hindustan Republican Association
In February 1920, when all the prisoners in the Manipuri conspiracy case were freed, Bismil returned home to Shahjahanpur, where he agreed with the official authorities that he would not participate in revolutionary activities. This statement of Ram Prasad was also recorded in vernacular before the court.[14]
In 1921, Bismil was among the many people from Shahjahanpur who attended the
In February 1922 some agitating farmers were killed in
Yellow Paper constitution
With the consent of
This meeting decided the name of the party would be the
Manifesto of H.R.A.
A pamphlet entitled as The Revolutionary was distributed throughout the United Province in India in the beginning of January 1925. Copies of this leaflet, referred to in the evidence as the "White Leaflet", were also found with some other alleged conspirators of Kakori Conspiracy as per judgement of the Chief Court of Oudh. A typed copy of this manifesto was found with
This pamphlet bore no name of the printing press. The heading of the pamphlet was: "The Revolutionary" (An Organ of the Revolutionary Party of India). It was given first number and first issue of the publication. The date of its publication was given as 1 January 1925.[22]
Kakori train robbery
External videos | |
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Kakori train action. |
Bismil executed a meticulous plan for looting the government treasury carried in a train at
More than 40 revolutionaries were arrested whereas only 10 persons had taken part in the decoity. Persons completely unrelated to the incident were also captured. However some of them were let off. The government appointed
Following 18 months of legal process, Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Roshan Singh and
Bismil's body was taken to the Rapti river for a Hindu cremation, and the site became known as Rajghat.[25]
Literary works
Bismil published a pamphlet titled Deshvasiyon ke nam sandesh (en: A message to my countrymen). While living underground, he translated some of Bengali books viz. Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot (en: The Bolshevik's programme) and Yogik Sadhan (of Arvind Ghosh). Beside these a collection of poems Man Ki Lahar (en: A sally of mind) and Swadeshi Rang was also written by him. Another Swadhinta ki devi: Catherine was fabricated from an English book
The autobiography of Ram Prasad Bismil was published under the cover title of Kakori ke shaheed by Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi in 1928 from Pratap Press, Cawnpore. A rough translation of this book was prepared by the Criminal Investigation Department of United Province in British India. Translated book was circulated as confidential document for official and police use throughout the country.[29]
He immortalised the poem Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna, Man Ki Lahar and Swadeshi Rang as a war cry during the British Raj period in India.[30] It was first published in journal "Sabah", published from Delhi.[31]
Memorials
Shaheed Smarak Samiti of
The Northern railway zone of Indian Railways built the Pt Ram Prasad Bismil railway station, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Shahajahanpur.[33]
There is a memorial to the Kakori conspiracists at Kakori itself. It was inaugurated by the prime minister of India, Indira Gandhi, on 19 December 1983.[34]
The
The government of Uttar Pradesh had named a park after him: Amar Shaheed Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil Udyan is near Rampur Jagir village, where Bismil lived underground after the Mainpuri conspiracy case in 1919.[36]
See also
- Ashfaqullah Khan
- Sukhdev Thapar
- Chandrashekar Azad
- Shivaram Rajguru
- Bhagat Singh
References
- ^ "Ram Prasad Bismil Birth Anniversary 2021: All you need to know". India Today. 11 June 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ Waraich 2007, p. 101.
- ^ a b "Ramprasad. Bismil's Idea of Revolution Is Impervious to Saffronisation". thewire.in. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- ISBN 978-81-230-1481-4.
- ISBN 978-1-108-83808-5.
- ^ "About Ramprasad Bismil". m.jagran.com (in Hindi). Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- ^ Punwani, Jyoti (10 August 2013). "Post Freedom Struggles". The Hindu.
- ^ Waraich 2007, p. 32.
- ^ "Who is Ram Prasad Bismil, the young freedom fighter who inspired a generation". The Indian Express. 11 June 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ "Lucknow Congress". Britannica.
- ^ Bismil 1927, p. 27.
- ^ "Revolutionary actions in Mainpuri". Sankalp Foundation.
- ^ "Ramprasad Bismil's Idea of Revolution Is Impervious to Saffronisation". The Wire. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ "Hindustan Republic Association". IAS toppers.
- ISBN 9788179750766.
- ^ Singh, Bhagat (2007). "Review Article" (PDF). Journal of Punjab Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ Arya 1984.
- ^ Waraich 2007, p. 56.
- ^ ISBN 9788179750766.
- ^ Bhishma 1929, p. 71.
- ^ Simha 2009, p. v. 11.
- OCLC 219562122.
- ISBN 9788179750766.
- ^ Waraich 2007, p. 97.
- ^ "VIDEO: देश में बना पहला अशफाक उल्ला खां और राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल स्मारक, हिंदू-मुस्लिम भाईचारे की मिसाल कर रहा पेश". Patrika News (in Hindi). 23 January 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ Breshko-Breshkovskaia, Ekaterina Konstantinovna; Blackwell, Alice Stone (1 January 1918). "The little grandmother of the Russian revolution;". Boston, Little, Brown – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Rajesh Tanti (24 June 2016). Hindi Ramprasad Bismil Ki Atmakatha.
- ^ Arya 1984, p. 93.
- ^ Bhishma 1929, p. 125.
- ISBN 9780199089673. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ Ulhaque, T. M. Zeya (November 2013). "Bismil Azimabadi : Life Sketch". Spritualworld.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- ^ "जयंती विशेष:रामप्रसाद बिस्मिल ने फांसी से तीन दिन पहले इस जेल में पूरी की थी आत्मकथा". Amar Ujala (in Hindi). Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ "PRPM/Pt Ram Prasad Bismil (1 PFs) Railway Station Map/Atlas - India Rail Info".
- ^ Sinha, Arunav (9 August 2011). "Tourist spot tag may uplift Kakori". The Times of India. Lucknow. Archived from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
- ^ "RAM PRASAD BISMIL - ASHFAQUALLAH KHAN".
- ^ "वतन की ख्वाहिशों पे जिंदगानी कुर्बान(en:Sacrifice of life for homeland)". Dainik Jagran (Hindi Jagran City-Greater Noida) New Delhi. 12 August 2012. p. 24.
Further reading
- Simha, Ema Ke (2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian war of independence, 1857–1947. Vol. v.11. Anmol Publications, New Delhi, India. OCLC 277548369.
- Bhishma, (pseud) (1929). Kakori-ke-shahid: martyrs of the Kakori conspiracy case. Government Press, United Provinces, Allahabad. p. 125. OCLC 863324363.
- Bismil, Ram Prasad (1927). Main Krantikari kaise bana. 44 Books. ISBN 9788128808166.
- Arya, Amit (1984). राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल जी की जीवनी हिंदी की सर्वश्रेष्ठ आत्मकथा. ISBN 978-81-7871-059-4.
- Waraich, Malwinder Jit Singh (2007). Misusing from the gallows: autobiography of Ram Prasad Bismil. OCLC 180690320.