Ramsey Clark
Ramsey Clark | |
---|---|
66th United States Attorney General | |
In office March 10, 1967 – January 20, 1969 Acting: November 28, 1966 – March 10, 1967 | |
President | Lyndon B. Johnson |
Deputy | Warren Christopher |
Preceded by | Nicholas Katzenbach |
Succeeded by | John N. Mitchell |
8th United States Deputy Attorney General | |
In office January 28, 1965 – March 10, 1967 | |
President | Lyndon B. Johnson |
Preceded by | Nicholas Katzenbach |
Succeeded by | Warren Christopher |
United States Assistant Attorney General for the Environment and Natural Resources Division | |
In office 1961–1965 | |
President | John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson |
Preceded by | Perry W. Morton |
Succeeded by | Edwin L. Weisl Jr. |
Personal details | |
Born | William Ramsey Clark December 18, 1927 New York, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse |
Georgia Welch
(m. 1949; died 2010) |
Children | 2 |
Relatives | |
Military service | |
Allegiance | United States |
Branch/service | United States Marine Corps |
Years of service | 1945–1946 |
William Ramsey Clark (December 18, 1927 – April 9, 2021) was an American lawyer, activist, and
As attorney general, Clark was known for his vigorous opposition to the
After leaving public office, Clark led many progressive activism campaigns, including opposition to the
Early life and career
Clark was born in
Clark attended
He was admitted to the Texas bar in 1950, and was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1956. From 1951 to 1961, Clark practiced law as an associate and partner at his father's Texas law firm, Clark, Reed and Clark.[11]
Kennedy and Johnson administrations
In the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, Clark occupied senior positions in the Justice Department; he was Assistant Attorney General, overseeing the department's Lands Division from 1961 to 1965, and then served as Deputy Attorney General from 1965 to 1967.[12]
In 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated him to be Attorney General of the United States. He was confirmed by the Senate and took the oath of office on March 2. Clark was one of Johnson's popular and successful cabinet appointments, being described as "able, independent, liberal and soft-spoken" and a symbol of the New Frontier liberals;[1] he had also built a successful record, especially in his management of the Justice Department's Lands Division; he had increased the efficiency of his division and had saved enough money from his budget so that he had asked Congress to reduce the budget by $200,000 annually.[1]
However, there also was speculation that one of the reasons that contributed to Johnson's making the appointment was the expectation that Clark's father,
During his years at the Justice Department, Clark played an important role in the history of the civil rights movement. He:
- supervised the federal presence at Ole Miss during the week following the admission of James Meredith;
- surveyed all desegregatingunder court order (1963);
- supervised federal enforcement of the court order protecting the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches;
- headed the Presidential task force to Watts following the 1965 riots; and
- supervised the drafting and executive role in passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and Civil Rights Act of 1968.[3]
As attorney general during part of the
Clark served as the attorney general until Johnson's term as president ended on January 20, 1969.
In addition to his government work, during this period Clark was also director of the American Judicature Society (in 1963) and national president of the Federal Bar Association in 1964–65.[17]
Private career
Following his term as attorney general, Clark taught courses at the Howard University School of Law (1969–1972) and Brooklyn Law School (1973–1981).[18] He was active in the anti-Vietnam War movement and visited North Vietnam in 1972 as a protest against the bombing of Hanoi.[15] During this time he was associated with the New York law firm Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, but he resigned in 1973, saying, "I didn't feel like working on things I didn't believe in, I didn't think were important."[19]
On January 28, 1970, Ramsey Clark testified in the Chicago Seven trial. He was barred by Judge Julius Hoffman from testifying before the jury after Clark had testified outside the presence of the jury. Judge Hoffman upheld the prosecution's objections to 14 of Defense Attorney William Kunstler's 38 questions to Clark, but Clark did testify that he had told the prosecutor Tom Foran to investigate the charges against the defendants through Justice Department lawyers "as is generally done in civil rights cases", rather than through a grand jury.[20]
At the 1972 Democratic National Convention, Clark received one delegate vote for the presidential nomination[21] and two delegate votes for the vice-presidential nomination.[22]
In
On November 5, 1979, at the start of the
International activism
In September 1998, Clark led a delegation to
In 1991, Clark's Coalition to Stop U.S. Intervention in the Middle East opposed the U.S.-led war and sanctions against Iraq.
As a lawyer, Clark was criticized by both opponents and supporters for some of the people he agreed to defend, such as foreign dictators hostile to the United States; Clark stood beside and defended his clients, regardless of their own admitted actions and crimes.[32]
In 2004, Clark joined a panel of about 20 Arab and one other non-Arab lawyers to defend
Hitchens continued to describe Clark in the following terms:
"From bullying prosecutor he mutated into vagrant and floating defense counsel, offering himself to the génocideurs of
Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956."[36]
Sociologist and anti-communist scholar Paul Hollander wrote of Clark:
"It is likely that well before Clark took his bizarre positions in support of highly repressive, violent, and intolerant political systems and their leaders, he came to the conclusion that the United States was the most dangerous and reprehensible source of evil in the world. This overarching belief led to the reflexive sympathy and support for all the enemies and alleged victims of the United States. They include dictators of different ideological persuasion noted above, whose inhumane qualities and policies Clark was unable to discern or acknowledge, let alone condemn. It was sufficient for Clark's moral accounting that if these dictators were opposed to (and allegedly victimized by) the United States, they deserved and earned his sympathy."[37]
Clark was not alone in criticizing the Iraqi Special Tribunal's trial of Saddam Hussein, which drew intense criticism from international human rights organizations.
On March 18, 2006, Clark attended the funeral of Slobodan Milošević. He commented: "History will prove Milošević was right. Charges are just that: charges. The trial did not have facts." He compared the trial of Milošević with Saddam's, stating "both trials are marred with injustice, both are flawed." He characterized Milošević and Saddam Hussein as "both commanders who were courageous enough to fight more powerful countries."[42]
In June 2006, Clark wrote an article criticizing U.S. foreign policy in general, containing a list of 17 U.S. "major aggressions" introduced by "Both branches of our One Party system, Democrat and Republican, favor the use of force to have their way."[a] He followed this by saying, "The United States government may have been able to outspend the Soviet Union into economic collapse in the Cold War arms race, injuring the entire planet in the process. Now Bush has entered a new arms race and is provoking a Second Cold War."[43]
On September 1, 2007, in New York City, Clark called for detained
In November 2007, Clark visited
In April 2009, Clark spoke at a session of the UN's anti-racism Durban Review Conference at which he accused Israel of genocide.[51]
In September 2010, an essay on torture by Clark was published in a three-part paperback entitled The Torturer in the Mirror (Seven Stories Press).[52][15]
Clark was a recipient of the
In 2008, the United Nations awarded him its Prize in the Field of Human Rights for "his steadfast insistence on respect for human rights and fair judicial process for all".[57]
Advocating the impeachment of George W. Bush
Founded | 2002 |
---|---|
Dissolved | January 20, 2009 |
Type | Political advocacy |
Focus | Impeachment of Bush administration members |
Location |
|
Area served | United States |
Members | Reported over 1,000,000 signatories |
Key people | Ramsey Clark (founder) |
In 2002, Clark founded "VoteToImpeach", an organization advocating the
On March 19, 2003, the New Jersey newspaper and website The Independent reported Clark's efforts to impeach Bush and others, prior to the start of the Iraq War. The paper commented: "Clark said there is a Web site, www.votetoimpeach.org, dedicated to collecting signatures of U.S. citizens who want President George W. Bush impeached, and that approximately 150,000 have signed to impeach, he said."[60] The Weekly Standard magazine stated in an article dated February 27, 2004, "Ramsey Clark's VoteToImpeach.org is a serious operation", and said the group had run full-sized newspaper advertising on both coasts of the U.S. though the Standard also went on to describe them as also being an "angry petition stage."[61]
Clark's speech to a counter-inauguration protest on January 20, 2005, at
The organization, under Clark's guidance, drafted its own articles of impeachment against President Bush, Vice President
Notable clients
As a lawyer, Clark also provided legal counsel and advice to prominent figures, including many controversial individuals.[66][67]
Regarding his role as a defense lawyer in the trial of Saddam Hussein, Clark said: "A fair trial in this case is absolutely imperative for historical truth."[68] Clark stated that by the time he decided to join Hussein's defense team, it was clear that "proceedings before the Iraqi Special Tribunal would corrupt justice both in fact and in appearance and create more hatred and rage in Iraq against the American occupation...affirmative measures must be taken to prevent prejudice from affecting the conduct of the case and the final judgment of the court...For there to be peace, the days of victor's justice must end."[69]
A partial listing of persons who have reportedly received legal counsel and advice from Ramsey Clark includes:
- Lori Berenson, an American convicted of support of MRTA guerrillas in Peru.[70]
- Father Philip Berrigan, a Catholic priest and antiwar activist (one of the Harrisburg Seven). Clark served as defense counsel at trial and won an acquittal.[71]
- Young church worker
- Torture Victims Protection Act of 1992 for atrocities and human rights abuses committed during the Bosnian War.[67][76]
- About 100 survivors and relatives of the dead members of the
- "Political-cult guru" Lyndon LaRouche.[79]
- Nazi concentration camp commandant Karl Linnas.[80]
- Camilo Mejía, a U.S. soldier who deserted his post.[81]
- The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws Advisory Board during the 1970s and early 1980s.[82][83]
- American Indian Movement prisoner Leonard Peltier.[84]
- Elizaphan Ntakirutimana, a leader in the Rwandan genocide.[85]
- Palestine Liberation Organization leaders in a lawsuit brought by the family of Leon Klinghoffer, who was murdered during hijacking of the Achille Lauro.[16]
- Liberian dictator
- Civil rights attorney anti-Semite and saying he had been drunk on the bench. The disbarment never went into effect and later was reversed. [89]
In popular culture
In Aaron Sorkin's 2020 film The Trial of the Chicago 7, Clark was portrayed by Michael Keaton.[90]
Personal life
Clark married Georgia Welch, a classmate from the University of Texas, on April 16, 1949. They had two children, Ronda Kathleen Clark and Tom Campbell Clark II. His wife died on July 3, 2010, at the age of 81.[91][92] His son Tom died from cancer on November 23, 2013.[93] Clark lived in Greenwich Village in New York City, where he died on April 9, 2021, at age 93.[15]
Works
- Clark, Ramsey (1970). Crime in America: Observations on Its Nature Causes Prevention and Control. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-067120407-5.
- — (1974). Crime and Justice. The Great Contemporary Issues. New York: Arno Press. ISBN 978-040504167-9.
- — (1992a). The Fire This Time: U.S. War Crimes in the Gulf. Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 978-156025047-0.
- — (1992b). War Crimes: A Report on U.S. War Crimes Against Iraq. Maisonneuve Press. ISBN 978-094462415-9.
- — (1998). Challenge to Genocide: Let Iraq Live. ISBN 978-096569164-2.
- — (2000). NATO in the Balkans: Voices of Opposition. International Action Center. ISBN 978-096569162-8.
- — (2002a) [First published 1996]. The Impact of Sanctions on Iraq: The Children Are Dying (2nd ed.). World View Forum. ISBN 978-096569163-5.
- — (2002b). "Appendix: On the fiftieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights". Acts of Aggression: Policing "Rogue" States. By ISBN 978-158322546-2.
- —; Doebbler, Curtis (2011). The Iraqi Special Tribunal: An Abuse of Justice [Draft Report] (Report). Lulu.com. ASIN B08KWYBVZ5.
- —; Douglass, Frederick; Danticat, Edwidge; Dupuy, Ben; Laraque, Paul (2010). Chin, Pat; Dunkel, Greg; Flounders, Sara; Ives, Kim (eds.). Haiti: A Slave Revolution: 200 Years After 1804 (Updated ed.). Youth & The Military Education Project (US). ISBN 978-097475214-3.
- — (2010). "Torture, the Cruelest of All Human Acts, Is a Crime in America". The Torturer in the Mirror. By Reifer, Thomas Ehrlich; Zangana, Haifa (First ed.). Seven Stories Press. ISBN 978-158322913-2.
See also
Notes
- ^ Clark's list of "major aggressions" by the United States:
- Mossadegh; Eisenhower (R).
- Arbenz; Eisenhower (R).
- Regime change in Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) (1961), assassination of Patrice Lumumba; Eisenhower (R).
- The Vietnam War (1959–1975); Eisenhower (R), Kennedy (D), Johnson (D), Nixon (R).
- Invasion of the Dominican Republic(1965); Johnson (D).
- The Sandinistasto corrupt capitalists; Reagan (R).
- Attack and occupation of Grenada(population 110,000)(1983–1987); Reagan (R)
- , (1986); Reagan (R).
- Invasion of Panama (1989–1990), regime change; George H. W. Bush (R).
- Gulf War (1991); George H. W. Bush (R)
- "Humanitarian" occupation of Somalia (1992–1993), leading to 10,000 Somali deaths; George H. W. Bush (R) and Clinton (D).
- Aerial attacks on Iraq (1993–2001); Bill Clinton (D)
- War against Yugoslavia(1999), 23,000 bombs and missiles dropped on Yugoslavia; Clinton (D).
- Tomahawk Cruise Missiles) destroying the Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory which provided the majority of all medicines for Sudan; Clinton (D).
- Invasion and occupation of Afghanistan(2001–present), regime change; George W. Bush (R).
- War of aggression against Iraq and hostile occupation (2003–present); George W. Bush (R).
- Aristidefor years of chaos and systematic killings; George W. Bush (R).
References
- ^ a b c "New Atty. General Is Liberal, Soft-Spoken Worker". Jet. Vol. 32, no. 9. Johnson Publishing. June 8, 1967. p. 10. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
- ISBN 9781438126388. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
- ^ a b c McCool, Grant (April 11, 2021). "Ramsey Clark, former U.S. attorney general and human rights activist, dead at 93". Reuters. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ Wildstein, David (February 7, 2021). "3 of 12 living ex-U.S. cabinet secretaries over 90 are from New Jersey". New Jersey Globe. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "Ramsey Clark (1967–1969)". Miller Center. October 4, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
- ^ "Ancestry of Ramsey Clark". www.wargs.com.
- ^ a b c "Ramsey Clark". www.justice.gov. April 13, 2015. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
- ^ Supreme Court Justice Tom C. Clark, A Life of Service by Mimi Clark Gronlund, Ramsey Clark, pg. 21
- ^ "Diverse Notable Alumni – Diversity & Inclusion". diversity.uchicago.edu.
- ^ The Rainbow, vol. 132, no. 2, p. 10.
- ^ "USDOJ: Environment and Natural Resources Division 100th Anniversary : Ramsey Clark". September 1, 2009. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009.
- ^ "Ramsey Clark". www.justice.gov. April 13, 2015. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
- ^ Time Magazine, "The Ramsey Clark Issue", October 18, 1968
- ^ "Clark, Tom C." Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g Martin, Douglas (April 10, 2021). "Ramsey Clark, Attorney General and Rebel With a Cause, Dies at 93". The New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
- ^ a b "Ramsey Clark, attorney general who represented Saddam Hussein, dies at 93". The Guardian. Associated Press. April 11, 2021. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ a b "Attorney General William Ramsey Clark". United States Department of Justice: Office of the Attorney General. October 23, 2014. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
- LBJ Presidential Library. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - US President - D Convention Race - Jul 10, 1972". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - US Vice President - D Convention Race - Jul 10, 1972". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "The Iran Hostage Crisis: When Compromise Fails". iranhostagecrisis.net. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ Cumming-Bruce, Nicholas (November 8, 1979). "Tehran". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ Brendan (April 28, 2004). "Clinton Bombs Sudanese Pharmaceutical Plant". ThereItIs.org.
- ^ Lacey, Marc (October 20, 2005). "Look at the Place! Sudan Says, 'Say Sorry', but U.S. Won't". The New York Times. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
- ^ Gelbspan, Ross (January 22, 1991). "Peace activists express concern about anti-semites in movement". The Boston Globe.
- ^ War Crimes: A Report on United States War Crimes Against Iraq to the Commission of Inquiry for the International War Crimes Tribunal Archived February 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, by Ramsey Clark and others
- ^ The Wisdom Fund, "Former US Attorney General Charges US, British and UN Leaders", November 20, 1996
- ^ CJPY, "NATO found guilty", June 10, 2000 Archived September 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ John Judis, "The Strange Case of Ramsey Clark," The New Republic, April 22, 1991, pp. 23–29.
- ^ "US rebel joins Saddam legal team", news.bbc.co.uk, December 29, 2004
- ^ a b "Cases". Archived from the original on September 7, 2008.
- ^ "Chaos mars Saddam court hearing", news.bbc.co.uk, December 5, 2005
- ^ a b "Sticking up for Saddam", Slate.com
- ^ Hollander, Paul. From Benito Mussolini to Hugo Chavez: Intellectuals and a Century of Political Hero Worship. p. 272.
- ^ "Iraq's Shallow Justice" Human Rights Watch, December 29, 2006
- ^ "Hanging After Flawed Trial Undermines Rule of Law" Human Rights Watch, December 30, 2006
- ^ "Saddam trial 'flawed and unsound'" news.bbc.co.uk, November 20, 2006
- ^ "Saddam trial judge ejects Ramsey Clark". Reuters. January 19, 2007. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "Balkan scapegoat". Frontline (The Hindu). April 7, 2006. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "Ramsey Clark's Indictment of George W. Bush on June 15th, 2006". goodworksonearth.org.
- ^ "Ex-US attorney general calls for Joma release". Archived from the original on September 3, 2007.
- ^ "Ramsey Clark visits Nandigram". The Hindu. November 30, 2007.
- ^ "Nandigram says 'No!' to Dow's chemical hub".
- ^ "NHRC sends notice to Chief Secretary, West Bengal, on Nandigram incidents: investigation team of the Commission to visit the area". National Human Rights Commission of India. November 12, 2007. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016.
- ^ Hossain, Rakeeb; Chaudhuri, Drimi (November 10, 2007). "CPM cadres kill 3 in Nandigram". Archived from the original on April 17, 2008.
- ^ PTI (March 14, 2021). "Chose to fight anti-Bengal forces in Nandigram as mark of respect to martyrs: Mamata Banerjee | India News – Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ Dam, Marcus (December 17, 2007). "Interview: Consumerism and materialism deadlier than armed occupation". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011.
- ^ The U.N.'s Anti-Antiracism Conference, The Wall Street Journal, April 22, 2009.
- ^ "The Torturer in the Mirror". Archived from the original on July 12, 2011.
- ^ "Horrors in Yemen". Promoting Enduring Peace.
- ^ "List of Award Recipients | The Peace Abbey FoundationThe Peace Abbey Foundation".
- ^ "Ramsey Clark Adresses Serbian Academic Community". www.oocities.org. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
- ^ "Ramsey Clark, the war criminal's best friend". Salon. June 21, 1999. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
- ^ "United Nations Human Rights Prize 2008". Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ Kevin Coogan, "The International Action Center: 'Peace Activists' with a Secret Agenda," Hit List, November/December 2001.
- ^ Coogan, "The International Action Center," Hit List, Nov/Dec 2001.
- ^ "Ramsey Clark speaks out against war at college". Archived from the original on December 17, 2005.
- ^ "Impeach Bush?". February 26, 2004.
- ^ "Former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark Calls For Bush Impeachment". Democracy Now!.
- ^ "San Francisco Bay Guardian". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 5, 2009.
- ^ "ImpeachBush / VoteToImpeach: Articles of Impeachment". January 13, 2009. Archived from the original on January 13, 2009. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "ImpeachBush / VoteToImpeach". January 5, 2009. Archived from the original on January 5, 2009. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- Consortium News(March 9, 2013).
- ^ a b Josh Saunders, Ramsey Clark's Prosecution Complex: How did Lyndon Johnson's attorney general come to defend dictators, war criminals, and terrorists?, Legal Affairs (November/December 2003).
- ^ "Lawyer: Ex-U.S. attorney general to join Saddam defense". CNN. November 27, 2005.
- ^ "Why I'm Willing to Defend Hussein". Archived from the original on January 15, 2007.
- ^ "Lori Berenson returning to U.S. after 20 years in Peru" CBS News. Associated Press. November 30, 2015.
- ^ Christopher Reed, Obituary: Philip Berrigan, Guardian (December 12, 2002).
- ^ "American Charged in El Salvador". New York Times. Associated Press. December 6, 1989.
- ^ Casolo Retains Ramsey Clark, Los Angeles Times Wire Services (November 28, 1989).
- ^ Josh Getlin, Ramsey Clark's Road Less Traveled: the Former Attorney General Took a Hard Left and Hasn't Looked Back, Los Angeles Times (April 15, 1990).
- ^ Michael Hirsley, Saint or Sinner? Jennifer Casolo, Freed From El Salvador, Is Now On The Tour Circuit Archived December 22, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Chicago Tribune (March 17, 1990).
- ^ Hope Viner Samborn, Ruling Could Lead to More Human Rights Tort Cases, ABA Journal (December 1995), p. 30.
- ^ Sam Howe Verhovek, 5 Years After Waco Standoff, The Spirit of Koresh Lingers, New York Times (April 19, 1998).
- ^ Jury clears US over Waco deaths, BBC News (July 15, 2000).
- ^ Lizzy Ratner, Ramsey Clark: Why I'm Taking Saddam's Case, Observer (January 10, 2005).
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "Revista Envío - NICARAGUA BRIEFS". www.envio.org.ni. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "Public Interest Group Files Civil Suit To Overturn All U.S. Marijuana Laws | News | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "NORML 1981 - Drug Legalization". www.nationalfamilies.org. Archived from the original on September 25, 2021. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "Chief behind bars". The Guardian. July 10, 1999. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "Ramsey Clark, the war criminal's best friend". Salon. June 21, 1999. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ Cenziper, Debbie (January 28, 2020). "How a Red Army Officer-Turned-Nazi Recruit Made America His Home". HistoryNet. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "Liberia ex-leader Charles Taylor get 50 years in jail". BBC News. May 30, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "Judge Real's Sanctions Against Lawyer Killed but Feud Goes On". Los Angeles Times. November 29, 1991. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "Attorney Sanctioned for Criticizing Judge : Courts: Panel finds that civil rights lawyer Stephen Yagman tried to force jurist to take himself off cases. He could face reprimand, suspension or other discipline". Los Angeles Times. May 20, 1994. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ Sinha-Roy, Piya (October 25, 2019). "Aaron Sorkin's 'The Trial of the Chicago 7' Adds Michael Keaton, Sets September 2020 Release". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
- ^ "Deaths Clark, Georgia Welch". The New York Times. July 6, 2010. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
- ^ "Death Notices: Georgia Welch Clark". The New York Times. July 6, 2010.
- ^ Barnes, Bart (December 23, 2013). "Tom C. Clark II, environmental lawyer, dies at 59". The Washington Post.
Further reading
- Citizen Clark: A Life of Principle – documentary film on the life of former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark (2018, 95 minutes)
- Victor Navasky, "In memoriam Ramsesy Clark (1927–2021): The former US attorney general was sui generis", The Nation, vol. 312, no. 10 (17/24 May 2021), p. 6.
- Wohl, Alexander (2013). Father, Son, and Constitution: How Justice Tom Clark and Attorney General Ramsey Clark Shaped American Democracy. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-070061916-0.
External links
- Biography from the Department of Justice website.
- Longer biography from the Department of Justice website.
- International Action Center Founded by Ramsey Clark.
- Guide to the Citizens for Ramsey Clark papers 1969-1980
- Appearances on C-SPAN