Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Rankin/Bass
)

Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment
Tomorrow Entertainment (1971–1974)
Telepictures (1983–1987)
Lorimar-Telepictures (1987–1989)

Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment (founded and formerly known as Videocraft International, Ltd. and Rankin/Bass Productions, Inc.) was an American production company located in New York City, and known for its seasonal television specials, usually done in stop motion animation. Rankin/Bass's stop-motion productions are recognizable by their visual style of doll-like characters with spheroid body parts and ubiquitous powdery snow using an animation technique called Animagic.

Nearly all of the studio's animation was

Mushi Productions and Topcraft.[1][2] Rankin/Bass was one of the first western studios to outsource their low-budget animated television and film productions to animation studios in foreign countries; the others that already practiced animation outsourcing include Total Television and King Features Syndicate TV in New York City; and Jay Ward Productions and Hanna-Barbera Productions
in Los Angeles, California.

History

The company was founded in New York City by

Arthur Rankin Jr. and Jules Bass on September 14, 1960, as Videocraft International, Ltd. The majority of Rankin/Bass' work, including all of their "Animagic" stop-motion productions (which they were well known for), were created in Tokyo, Japan. Throughout the 1960s, the Animagic productions were headed by Japanese stop-motion animator Tadahito Mochinaga
at his studio, MOM Production. He was credited for his supervision as "Tad Mochinaga".

Rankin/Bass' traditional animation output was done by several animation studios such as

Pacific Animation Corporation
, which continued working on Rankin/Bass' titles until it was bought by Disney in 1988.

In addition to the "name" talent that provided the narration for the specials, Rankin/Bass had its own company of voice actors. For the studio's early work, this group was based in Toronto, Ontario where recording was supervised by veteran CBC announcer Bernard Cowan. The Canadian group included actors such as Paul Soles, Larry D. Mann, and Carl Banas.

Maury Laws served as musical director for almost all of the animated films and television programs. Romeo Muller was another consistent contributor, serving as screenwriter for many of Rankin/Bass' best-known productions including Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1964), The Little Drummer Boy (1968), and Frosty the Snowman (1969).

Output

One of Videocraft's first projects was an independently produced television series in 1960, The New Adventures of Pinocchio, based on the Italian author Carlo Collodi's 1883 novel The Adventures of Pinocchio and featuring "Animagic", a stop motion animation process using figurines or puppets (a process already pioneered by George Pal's "Puppetoons" and Art Clokey's Gumby and Davey and Goliath), managed by Mochinaga and his MOM Production staffers for Videocraft with Dentsu. This was followed by another independently produced series in 1961, Tales of the Wizard of Oz, Videocraft's adaptation of the 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum, as well as their first production to use traditional cel animation. Unlike many of Rankin/Bass' works, Tales of the Wizard of Oz was animated by Crawley Films in Ottawa, headed by F. R. Crawley.

Rudolph era

Main article: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (TV special)

One of the mainstays of the business was holiday-themed animated specials for airing on American television. In 1964, the company produced a special for

Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer", written by May's brother-in-law, Johnny Marks. Almost two decades earlier, in 1948, it had been made into a cartoon by Max Fleischer, brother and former partner of Dave Fleischer
, as a traditional cel animated short for the Jam Handy Film Company.

With the American actor Burl Ives in the role of Sam the snowman, the narrator, Canadian actress Billie Mae Richards as the voice of the main title character, Rudolph, and an original orchestral score composed by Marks himself, Rudolph became one of the most popular, and longest-running Christmas specials in television history: it remained with NBC until around 1972 when it moved to CBS. In 2019, for its 55th anniversary, the special was also aired on Freeform as part of its "25 Days of Christmas" programming block, although it will continue to air on CBS under a separate license with Universal.[3]

The special contained seven original songs. In 1965, a new song was filmed in "Animagic" to replace "We're a Couple of Misfits", titled "Fame and Fortune".

The success of Rudolph led to numerous other Christmas specials. The first was

Kenzo Masaoka, Sanae Yamamoto, and Yasuji Murata's Toei Animation
. Paul Coker Jr. would go on to design characters and production for more than 40 Rankin-Bass specials and episodes.

Other holiday specials

Many of their other specials, like Rudolph, were based on popular Christmas songs. In 1968, the British-American actress

Puerto Rican actor José Ferrer as the voice of Ben Haramed. During that year, Videocraft International, Ltd. (whose logo dominated the Rankin/Bass logo in the closing credit sequences) changed its name to Rankin/Bass Productions, Inc., and adopted a new logo, retaining a Videocraft byline in their closing credits until 1971 when Tomorrow Entertainment, a unit of the General Electric Company, acquired the production company. The "Animagic" process for The Little Drummer Boy took place at MOM Production, which was renamed Video Tokyo Production after Tadahito Mochinaga left Japan for his return trip to China following the completion of the animation for Mad Monster Party?, thus ending his collaboration with Rankin/Bass. Takeo Nakamura, the director of Sanrio's 1979 stop motion feature Nutcracker Fantasy,[4][5]
was among the "Animagic" team, but he was never credited as a supervisor.

The following year, in 1969,

Hanna-Barbera Productions
in Los Angeles, California.

The year 1970 brought another Christmas special, Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town.[7] Rankin/Bass enlisted Fred Astaire as narrator S.D. (Special Delivery) Kluger, a mailman answering children's questions about Santa Claus and telling his origin story. The story involved young Kris Kringle, voiced by Mickey Rooney, and the villainous Burgermeister Meisterburger, voiced by Paul Frees. Kringle later marries the town's schoolteacher, Miss Jessica, voiced by Robie Lester. Kizo Nagashima, the associate director of Rankin/Bass' previous productions, was credited as a production supervisor.

In 1971, Rankin/Bass produced their first Easter television special,

Mad, Mad, Mad Monsters
at Mushi Production in 1972, and became an integral part of Rankin/Bass for many years.

In 1974, Rankin/Bass Productions was relaunched once again as an independent production company and produced another Christmas special for television,

remade as a poorly received live-action/special effects TV movie shown on NBC in 2006 starring Delta Burke and John Goodman as Mrs. Claus and Santa.[8]

Throughout the 1970s, Rankin/Bass, with Video Tokyo and the former Toei Animation employee Toru Hara's

Cossack king, Kubla Kraus (Paul Frees, in addition to Kubla, voiced Jack Frost's overlord, Father Winter). In this special, Jack's voice was performed by Robert Morse, who previously voiced Stuffy in 1976's The First Easter Rabbit (loosely based on Margery Williams' The Velveteen Rabbit), and young Ebenezer Scrooge in 1978's The Stingiest Man in Town (based on Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol
).

Among Rankin/Bass' original specials was 1975's The First Christmas: The Story of the First Christmas Snow, featuring the voice of Angela Lansbury (who also starred in the 1982 adaptation of The Last Unicorn) as the narrating and singing nun, Sister Theresa, and Irving Berlin's Christmas classic "White Christmas".

Their final stop-motion style Christmas story was

Warner Bros. Home Entertainment's Warner Archive Collection, on a double-feature disc that also contains Nestor, the Long-Eared Christmas Donkey
which is often paired with The First Christmas on holiday broadcasts.

Many of these specials are still shown seasonally on American television, and some have been released on VHS, Betamax, LaserDisc, DVD, Blu-ray, and Digital.

Non-holiday output

Throughout the 1960s, Videocraft produced other stop motion and traditional animation specials and films, some of which were non-holiday stories. 1965 saw the production of Rankin/Bass' first theatrical film, Willy McBean and His Magic Machine, another joint venture between Videocraft and Dentsu. 1966 brought The Daydreamer, the first of three films to be produced in association with executive producer Joseph E. Levine's Embassy Pictures in Los Angeles, California, and the film adaptation of the stories and characters by the Danish author Hans Christian Andersen, which combines live-action, special effects and "Animagic"; and The Ballad of Smokey the Bear, the story of the famous forest fire-fighting bear seen in numerous public service announcements, narrated by James Cagney.[10]

The theatrical feature film Mad Monster Party? saw theatrical release in the spring of 1967, featuring one of the last performances by the British actor Boris Karloff. The film features affectionate send-ups of classic movie monsters and their locales, adding "Beatle"-wigged skeletons as a send-up of the era's pop bands, and a writing staff borrowed from Mad magazine, including the cartoonist Jack Davis, who designed the characters of this film. It is also the last "Animagic" project that Tadahito Mochinaga supervised.

In 1972 and 1973, Rankin/Bass produced four animated TV movies for The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie series: Mad Mad Mad Monsters (with the animation by Mushi), Willie Mays and the Say-Hey Kid, The Red Baron, and That Girl in Wonderland (all featuring the animation by Topcraft).

In 1977, Rankin/Bass produced an animated version of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit. It was followed in 1980 by an animated version of The Return of the King (the animation rights to the first two volumes were held by Saul Zaentz, producer of Ralph Bakshi's animated adaptation The Lord of the Rings). Other books adapted include The Last Unicorn by Peter S. Beagle, a rare theatrical release that was co-produced with ITC Entertainment in London, England, Peter Dickinson's The Flight of Dragons and Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows which was animated by the second overseas animation unit of Hanna-Barbera, James Wang's Cuckoo's Nest Studios (now Wang Film Productions) in Taipei, Taiwan.

In addition to their prime time specials, Rankin/Bass produced several regular television shows in traditional animation, including

Walt Disney Animation Japan
in 1988. Neither one enjoyed the same commercial success as ThunderCats did, however.

Rankin/Bass also attempted live-action productions, such as 1967's

Ultra Series
); and 1983's The Sins of Dorian Gray. With the exception of King Kong Escapes, all were made-for-television films.

Demise

After its last series output, Rankin/Bass shut down its production company on December 17, 2001.

Arthur Rankin Jr. would split his time between New York City, where the company still has its offices, and his home in

Harrington Sound, Bermuda on January 30, 2014, at the age of 89.[11] Bass became a vegetarian; a decade later, he wrote Herb, the Vegetarian Dragon,[12] the first children's book character developed specifically to explore moral issues related to vegetarianism. The original story and a follow-up cookbook became bestsellers for independent publishing house Barefoot Books. Bass died on October 25, 2022, at the age of 87.[13]

In 1999, Rankin/Bass joined forces with James G. Robinson's Morgan Creek Productions and Nest Family Entertainment (creators of The Swan Princess franchise) for the first and only animated adaptation of Rodgers and Hammerstein's musical The King and I, based on a treatment by Rankin. Distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures with its Warner Bros. Family Entertainment division, the film flopped at the American box office. Stephen Hunter, among several American film critics, criticized the film's depictions of "offensive ethnic stereotyping."[14]

In 2001,

Vanessa L. Williams and Tom Joyner.[15] Although Pacific Animation Corporation was responsible for the overseas animation production of the special with the background art provided by Atelier BWCA and the See Throu Studio, some of the animation services were done at Steven Hahn's Hanho Heung-Up in Seoul, South Korea. Santa, Baby! turned out to be the final Rankin/Bass-produced special; the Rankin/Bass partnership was officially dissolved shortly after, with most of its remaining assets acquired by Warner Bros. Entertainment
.

Currently, Rankin/Bass' pre-September 1974 library (including works from Videocraft International) is owned by Universal Pictures, which acquired DreamWorks Animation's DreamWorks Classics portfolio, while Warner Bros. Discovery owns the rights to the post-September 1974 library. Universal also retained the rights to King Kong Escapes and also currently holds the rights to Willy McBean and his Magic Machine, again, via DreamWorks Classics. StudioCanal holds the rights to the films from Rankin/Bass that Embassy Pictures distributed, while ITV Studios currently holds the rights to The Last Unicorn. The rights to the 1999 animated film adaptation of The King and I are currently held by Morgan Creek Entertainment.

Legacy

For over 20 years, most of Rankin/Bass' films were shown on Family Channel, Fox Family, ABC Family, and Freeform, during the 25 Days of Christmas seasonal period. Starting in 2018, the post-September 1974 specials moved to AMC, and aired during the Best Christmas Ever seasonal period, with Freeform retaining the pre-September 1974 specials' cable rights. The original Rudolph and Frosty specials currently air on CBS under a separate contract with Rankin/Bass and its successors-in-interest, with Santa airing on ABC.

The specials of Rankin/Bass have been parodied by the likes of TV series from Saturday Night Live[16] to South Park,[17] while non-holiday works like The Last Unicorn maintained a cult following.[18][19] The look and style of the Christmas specials heavily influences more modern holiday classics such as Elf (2003).[20]

Beginning in 2013, and for several years thereafter, the animation studio

SoCal Honda Dealers group (via Secret Weapon Marketing) to create stop-motion animated commercials in the style of Rankin/Bass's Christmas specials.[21][22]

RiffTrax, consisted of former Mystery Science Theater 3000 alumni Kevin Murphy, Bill Corbett and Michael J. Nelson, spoofed Nestor the Long-Eared Christmas Donkey on December 17, 2006 (this time with just Nelson himself riffing).[23][24]

In 2022, an agreement between Warner Bros. and NBCUniversal (which co-own Studio Distribution Services, LLC) was made to release The Complete Rankin-Bass Christmas Collection as a nine-disc DVD box set with a 24-page booklet and special features. (Universal Pictures Home Entertainment is the publisher of record for the set.) The box set features eighteen specials, comprising every stand-alone, Rankin-Bass produced Christmas special aside from Santa, Baby![25] A Blu-ray version of the set was released in 2023.

Filmography

Main article: List of Rankin/Bass Productions films

Franchises

Title Release date
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer 1964–1979
The Little Drummer Boy 1968–1976
Frosty the Snowman 1969–1979
Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town 1970–1977

Overseas animation studios used by Rankin/Bass

Japanese studios

Other studios

References

  1. ^ "The Japanese Studios of Rankin/Bass". cartoonresearch.com. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
  2. ISBN 9781611729092
    . Retrieved March 17, 2018 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ "FREEFORM to show Rudolph and Frosty this Holiday Season". Enchanted World of Rankin/Bass blog. Rick Goldschmidt. May 17, 2019. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
  4. ^ "Lost & Found Film Club: NUTCRACKER FANTASY" – via vimeo.com.
  5. ^ "Saniro's Stop-Motion Nutcracker Fantasy to be Screened in LA". Anime News Network.
  6. ^ "The Rankin/Bass 'Frosty' Specials on Records". Cartoon Research.
  7. ^ "Rankin/Bass 'Santa Claus is Comin' to Town' on Records". Cartoon Research.
  8. ^ "The Year Without a Santa Claus". December 11, 2006. Retrieved March 17, 2018 – via www.imdb.com.
  9. IMDb Edit this at Wikidata
  10. ISBN 0-8108-2198-2
    . Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  11. ^ Bell, Jonathan (January 31, 2014). "Arthur Rankin Jr, 'Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer' co-producer dies, age 89". The Royal Gazette.
  12. ISBN 978-1-902283-36-4
  13. ^ Barnes, Mike (October 25, 2022). "Jules Bass, Producer Behind the 'Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer' and 'Frosty the Snowman' TV Specials, Dies at 87". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
  14. ^ Hunter, Stephen (March 19, 1999). "'King and I': Royally Insulting". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  15. IMDb Edit this at Wikidata
  16. ^ Saturday Night Live (SNL): "The Narrator That Ruined Christmas". Vimeo. Bent Image Lab. April 10, 2012.
  17. ^ ""South Park" A Very Crappy Christmas (TV Episode 2000) – Connections". IMDB.
  18. ^ Nick Evans (March 22, 2019). "18 Popular Cult Classic Movies That Are Perfect For Movie Night". CINEMABLEND.
  19. ^ "The Criterion Channel's February 2021 Lineup". The Criterion Collection.
  20. ^ "Elf movie with Will Ferrell nearly didn't happen". Digital Spy. December 3, 2020.
  21. ^ Meadors, Noah (2019). "Socal Honda Holiday". NoahMeadors.com. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
  22. ^ McMahill, Elizabeth (2014). "Elizabeth McMahill – Shadow Machine // SoCal Honda". ElizabethMcMahill.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2014. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
  23. ^ "Nestor the Long-Eared Christmas Donkey". September 19, 2014 – via www.rifftrax.com.
  24. ^ "RiffTrax w/ Mike Nelson - Nestor the Long-Eared Donkey" – via www.youtube.com.
  25. ^ Caroline Miller (October 24, 2022). "The Complete Rankin/Bass Christmas Collection Brings 18 of the Classic Specials Together for New DVD Set". MovieWeb.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rankin/Bass_Animated_Entertainment&oldid=1220280288"