Ranma ½

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Ranma ½
First tankōbon volume cover, featuring Ranma Saotome and his father transformed into a woman and a panda respectively
らんま 1/2
(Ranma Nibun-no-Ichi)
Genre
Manga
Written byRumiko Takahashi
Published byShogakukan
English publisher
ImprintShōnen Sunday Comics
MagazineWeekly Shōnen Sunday
DemographicShōnen
Original runAugust 19, 1987 – March 6, 1996
Volumes38 (List of volumes)
Anime television series
Directed by
Animax Asia
  • US: KTEH
    • Original run April 15, 1989 – September 16, 1989
    Episodes18 (List of episodes)
    Anime television series
    Ranma ½ Nettōhen
    Directed by
    Animax
    Original run October 20, 1989 – September 25, 1992
    Episodes143 (List of episodes)
    Further information
    Anime film
    Ranma ½: Big Trouble in Nekonron, China
    Directed by
    MVM Films
    ReleasedNovember 2, 1991
    Runtime77 minutes
    Anime film
    Ranma ½: Nihao My Concubine
    Directed byAkira Suzuki
    Produced byKei Ijichi (executive)
    Yoko Matsushita
    Motoko Naritome
    Hiroshi Hasegawa
    Written byRyota Yamaguchi
    Music byAkihisa Matsūra
    StudioStudio Deen
    Licensed by
    • AUS: Madman Entertainment
    • NA: Viz Media
    • UK: MVM Films
    ReleasedAugust 1, 1992
    Runtime65 minutes
    Original video animation
    Directed byJunji Nishimura
    Produced byAyao Ueda
    Junpei Nakagawa
    Kenji Kume
    Music byAkihisa Matsūra
    StudioStudio Deen
    Licensed by
    • NA: Viz Media
    Released October 21, 1993 – August 19, 1994
    Runtime30 minutes
    Episodes6 (List of episodes)
    Anime film
    Ranma ½: Super Indiscriminate Decisive Battle! Team Ranma vs. the Legendary Phoenix
    Directed byJunji Nishimura
    Produced byAyao Ueda
    Junpei Nakagawa
    Kenji Kume
    Written byRyota Yamaguchi
    Music byAkihisa Matsūra
    Kenji Kawai
    StudioStudio Deen
    Licensed by
    • NA: Viz Media
    ReleasedAugust 20, 1994
    Runtime28 minutes
    Original video animation
    Ranma ½ Special
    Directed byJunji Nishimura
    Produced byAyao Ueda
    Junpei Nakagawa
    Kenji Kume
    Music byAkihisa Matsūra
    Kenji Kawai
    StudioStudio Deen
    Licensed by
    • NA: Viz Media
    Released December 16, 1994 – February 17, 1995
    Runtime27 minutes
    Episodes2 (List of episodes)
    Original video animation
    Ranma ½ Super
    Directed byJunji Nishimura
    Produced byAyao Ueda
    Junpei Nakagawa
    Kenji Kume
    Music byAkihisa Matsūra
    Kenji Kawai
    StudioStudio Deen
    Licensed by
    • NA: Viz Media
    Released September 21, 1995 – January 19, 1996
    Runtime28 minutes
    Episodes3 (List of episodes)
    Sunrise
    ReleasedJuly 30, 2008
    Runtime32 minutes
    Related media
    Live-action television film
    Directed byRyo Nishimura
    Written byYoshihiro Izumi
    Music byKei Yoshikawa
    StudioNikkatsu
    Original networkNippon TV
    ReleasedDecember 9, 2011
    Runtime95 minutes
    icon Anime and manga portal

    Ranma ½ (Japanese: らんま1/2, Hepburn: Ranma Nibun-no-Ichi, pronounced Ranma One-Half in English) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Rumiko Takahashi. It was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Sunday from August 1987 to March 1996, with the chapters collected in 38 tankōbon volumes by Shogakukan. The story revolves around a teenager named Ranma Saotome who has trained in martial arts since early childhood. As a result of an accident during a training journey, he is cursed to become a girl when exposed to cold water, while hot water changes him back into a boy. Throughout the series Ranma seeks out a way to rid himself of his curse, while his friends, enemies, and many fiancées constantly hinder and interfere.

    Ranma ½ has a comedic formula and a sex-changing main character, who often willfully transforms into a girl to advance his goals. The series also contains many other characters, whose intricate relationships with each other, unusual characteristics, and eccentric personalities drive most of the stories. Although the characters and their relationships are complicated, they rarely change once they are firmly introduced and settled into the series.

    The manga has been adapted into two

    MVM Films released the first two films in the United Kingdom
    .

    The Ranma ½ manga has over 55 million copies in circulation, making it one of the best-selling manga series. Both the manga and anime are cited as among the first in their respective media to have become popular in the United States.

    Plot

    See also: List of Ranma ½ characters

    On a training journey in the

    Genma
    fall into the cursed springs at Jusenkyo (呪泉郷). The cursed spring causes any afflicted to assume the physical form of whatever drowned there hundreds or thousands of years ago whenever they come into contact with cold water, which reverts on contact with hot water but resumes with exposure to cold water. Genma fell into the spring of a drowned panda while Ranma fell into the spring of a drowned girl.

    Akane
    . Akane, who is Ranma's age, is appointed for bridal duty by her sisters with the reasoning that they are the older sisters and can dump the duty on her, and that they all dislike the arranged engagement and think Akane's dislike of men is the right way to express it to the fathers. At the appointed time they are surprised when a panda comes in and puts a girl in front of their father. It takes several more pages for the situation to be explained to Soun Tendo and his daughters. Both Ranma and Akane refuse the engagement initially, having not been consulted on the decision, but the fathers are insistent and they are generally treated as betrothed and end up helping or saving each other on some occasions. They are frequently found in each other's company and are constantly arguing in their trademark awkward love-hate manner that is a franchise focus.

    Ranma goes to school with Akane at Furinkan High School (風林館高校, Fūrinkan Kōkō), where he meets his recurring opponent

    Happosai
    , who spends his time stealing the underwear of schoolgirls.

    Ranma's prospective paramours include the martial arts rhythmic gymnastics champion (and Tatewaki's sister)

    Hinako Ninomiya
    as Ranma's English teacher. Ranma's indecision in choosing his true love causes chaos in his romantic and school life.

    Production

    Rumiko Takahashi stated that Ranma ½ was conceived to be a martial arts manga that connects all aspects of everyday life to martial arts.[4] Because her previous series had female protagonists, the author decided that she wanted a male this time. However, she was worried about writing a male main character, and therefore decided to make him half-female.[5] Before deciding on water for initiating his changes, she considered Ranma changing every time he was punched. It was after deciding this that she felt Jusenkyo had to be set in China, as it is the only place that could have such mysterious springs.[6] She drew inspiration for Ranma ½ from a variety of real-world objects. Some of the places frequently seen in the series are modeled after actual locations in Nerima, Tokyo (both the home of Takahashi and the setting of Ranma ½).[7]

    In a 1990 interview with Amazing Heroes, Takahashi stated that she had four assistants that draw the backgrounds, panel lines and tone, while she creates the story and layout, and pencils and inks the characters.[8] All her assistants are female; Takahashi stated that "I don't use male assistants so that the girls will work more seriously if they aren't worried about boys." In 1992, she explained her process as beginning with laying out the chapter in the evening so as to finish it by dawn, and resting for a day before calling her assistants. They finish it in two or three nights, usually utilizing five days for a chapter.[5]

    Takahashi purposefully aimed the series to be popular with women and children. In 1993, an Animerica interviewer talking with Takahashi asked her if she intended the sex-changing theme "as an effort to enlighten a male-dominated society." Takahashi said that she does not think in terms of societal agendas and that she created the Ranma ½ concept from simply wanting "a simple, fun idea". She added that she, as a woman and while recalling what manga she liked to read as a child, felt that "humans turning into animals might also be fun and märchenhaft... you know, like a fairy tale."[9] In 2013, she revealed that at the start of Ranma her editor told her to make it more dramatic, but she felt that was something she could not do. However, she admitted that drama did start to appear at the end. She also sat in on the voice actor auditions for the anime, where she insisted that male and female Ranma be voiced by different actors whose gender corresponded to that of the part.[10]

    Media

    Manga

    Main article: List of Ranma ½ chapters

    Written and illustrated by

    shinsōban from April 2002 to October 2003.[13][14]

    North American publisher Viz Media originally released Ranma ½ in a monthly comic book format that contained two chapters each from 1992 to 2003, and had the images "flipped" to read left-to-right, causing the art to be mirrored. These were periodically collected into graphic novels. On March 18, 2004, after releasing 21 volumes, Viz announced that it would reprint a number of its graphic novels. The content remained the same, but the novels moved to a smaller format with different covers and a price drop.[15] Each volume covers roughly the same amount of material as the Japanese volumes, but retained its left-to-right format and had minor differences in grouping so that it spans 36 volumes rather than the original 38. The final volume was released in stores on November 14, 2006,[16] thus making it Viz's longest running manga, spanning over 13 years. At Anime Expo on July 7, 2013, Viz Media announced re-release of the manga in a format that combines two individual volumes into a single large one, and restores the original right-to-left reading order (a first in North America for this series).[17] The first 2-in-1 book (volumes 1-2) was published on March 11, 2014; the final (volumes 35-36) in January, 2017. As of July 27, 2021, VIZ has released all 19 2-in-1 books digitally.[18][19] Madman Entertainment publishes the two-in-one version in Australasia.

    Together with

    Texto Editora in 1995.[20]

    Anime series

    Main article: List of Ranma ½ episodes

    An

    Sasuke Sarugakure
    , the diminutive ninja retainer of the Kuno family fills a number of Gosunkugi's roles in early storylines but is a major character in his own right. The anime also alters the placement of many story arcs and contains numerous original episodes and characters not adapted from the manga.

    Viz Media licensed both anime series in 1993, making Ranma ½ one of the first anime titles licensed by Viz. The English dub produced for the series was recorded by

    Vancouver, British Columbia. They released the series on VHS from their own Viz Video label, and on DVD a few years later in association with Pioneer Home Entertainment. Their releases collected both anime series as one, separated episodes into what they call "seasons", and changed the ordering of many of the episodes. Viz themselves re-released it on DVD in 2007 using their own DVD production company.[21] At Otakon 2013, Viz announced that they re-acquired the TV series for Blu-ray and DVD release in 2014. The show is streamed on their anime channel service Neon Alley since Autumn 2013.[22] In September 2020, Toonami co-creator Jason DeMarco revealed that he had previously tried to get Ranma ½ aired on the American TV programming block, but "it's something we never were able to figure out, because, frankly, there's too much nudity."[23] Madman Entertainment licensed some of the series for release in Australasia, although their rights expired after releasing only the first four "seasons" as one series.[24][25]

    Films and original video animations

    Main article: List of Ranma ½ episodes § Films (1991–1994)

    Studio Deen also created three theatrical films; The Battle of Nekonron, China! A Battle to Defy the Rules! on November 2, 1991; Battle at Togenkyo! Get Back the Brides on August 1, 1992; and Super Indiscriminate Decisive Battle! Team Ranma vs. the Legendary Phoenix on August 20, 1994. The first two films are feature length, but the third was originally shown in theaters with two other films: Ghost Sweeper Mikami and Heisei Dog Stories: Bow.

    Following the ending of the TV series, 11

    MVM Films has released the first two films in the United Kingdom,[32][33]
    while Madman Entertainment released them in Australasia.

    Video games

    Main article: List of Ranma ½ video games

    There have been seventeen video games based on the Ranma ½ franchise. While most are fighting games, there have been several RPGs, puzzle games, and Pachinko slot machines. The most recent game is Pachislot Ranma 1/2, released on November 5, 2018 for Pachinko.[34] Only two have been released in Western countries. Ranma ½: Chōnai Gekitōhen was released in the US as Street Combat; the characters were Americanized, having their appearances completely changed, and the music was changed as well.[35] However, Ranma ½: Hard Battle was released in both North America and Europe unaltered.[35]

    Live-action special

    Poster for the Ranma ½ TV drama, featuring the cast and artwork by Rumiko Takahashi.

    A live action television adaption of Ranma ½ aired on Nippon TV, in a two-hour time-slot, on December 9, 2011.[36][37] Although it was initially reported that the special would contain an original story, the film does take its main plot from one of the manga's early stories with several other early scenes mixed in. The special stars Yui Aragaki as Akane, with Kento Kaku and Natsuna Watanabe playing male and female Ranma respectively.[38] Ryōsei Tayama is cast as the antagonist, the new original character Okamada.[39] The all-girl pop group 9nine contribute "Chikutaku☆2Nite" as the theme song.[40] It was released on both DVD and Blu-ray on March 21, 2012.[41][42]

    Other media

    The Ranma ½ Memorial Book was published just as the manga ended in 1996. Acting as an end-cap to the series, it collects various illustrations from the series, features an interview with Takahashi,[43] and includes tidbits about Ranma: summaries of his battles, his daily schedule, trivia, and a few exclusive illustrations. A Movie + OVA Visual Comic was released to illustrate the theatrical film Super Indiscriminate Decisive Battle! Team Ranma vs. the Legendary Phoenix and the OVA episodes The One to Carry On (both parts). It also included information on the voice actors, character designs, and a layout of the Tendo dojo.

    Additionally, guidebooks were released for three of the Ranma ½ video games; these included not only strategies, but also interviews.[44] Two books including interviews with the cast of the live-action TV drama, and some select stories, were released in 2011.[45][46]

    The music from the Ranma ½ TV series, films and OVAs have been released on various

    CDs. Four from the TV series, two from the first film, one from the second, one from the third film and OVAs, and three compiling the music by DoCo used in the OVAs.[47] DoCo is a pop group composed of the anime's main female characters' voice actresses. Several compilation albums were also released, some composed of the opening and closing theme songs and others of image songs.[48]
    Many of the image songs were first released as singles.

    Reception

    A Ranma ½ themed mural featuring P-chan and female Ranma in Vic, Spain.

    By November 2006, it was reported that Ranma ½ had sold over 49 million manga volumes in Japan.[49] Shogakukan has printed 53 million copies as of November 2011.[50] And by April 2021 it had 55 million copies in circulation.[51]

    The Ranma ½ anime was ranked number 17 on Anime Insider's 2001 list of the Top 50 Anime,[52] although the list was limited to series that were released in North America. It ranked 36th on TV Asahi's 2006 list of Japan's 100 favorite animated TV series, which is based on an online poll of the Japanese people,[53] up from the previous year's list where it ranked 45th.[54] In November 2006, the New York Comic Con announced that it would host the first-ever American Anime Awards. Fans had the chance to vote for their favorite anime online during the month of January 2007. Only the five nominees receiving the most votes for each category were announced on February 5. Among the 12 different categories, Ranma ½ was voted into the "Best Comedy Anime" category, and the Ranma ½ OVAs were voted into the "Best Short Series" category.[55] A 2019 NHK poll of 210,061 people saw Ranma ½ and Ranma ½ Nettōhen named Takahashi's second best-animated work. Shampoo and Ranma were voted fourth and fifth place respectively in her characters category.[56]

    Although

    History's Strongest Disciple Kenichi", although noted that it was not the first, but only spanned the period when manga and anime sales were at their height.[35] Relating it to Takahashi's other works, he summed the series up as "At the start, the fighting is minimal and it's almost a semi-serious relationship comedy, like Maison Ikkoku; then it turns completely ridiculous; and by the climax, when Ranma fights the evil bird-people of Phoenix Mountain in an excessively long and un-funny fight scene, it's like a warmup for Inuyasha."[35] Reviewing the final volume of the manga, Anime News Network remarked that "Every dimension of Rumiko Takahashi's storytelling skills come into play here: comedy, romance and introspection, and of course, high-flying fantasy martial-arts action."[60] However, they felt some of the action scenes were hard to follow and noted that the mirroring to left-to-right format caused errors with the art.[60]

    In their review of Viz Media's season five DVD box set, Anime News Network praised the Japanese cast's performance and the animation, but criticized the English version's slight script changes and minor voice actors while praising its main cast. They also remarked that while Ranma ½ is a classic, after a hundred episodes, the same jokes are just not funny anymore.[61] THEM Anime Reviews' Raphael See called the television series and the OVAs "one of the funniest things [he's] ever seen, anime or otherwise" and also praised the English dub as some of the best.[62] However, he was much more critical of the first two films particularly for both using the same damsel in distress plot.[63][64] Mike Toole of Anime News Network included Big Trouble in Nekronon, China at number 83 on The Other 100 Best Anime Movies of All Time, a list of "lesser-known, lesser-loved classics," calling it "a solid action-comedy and a good, well-rounded example of the appeal of Ranma ½"[65]

    Legacy

    Hiroshi Aro admitted that he created Futaba-kun Change! based on Ranma ½.[66] Western comic book artists who have cited Ranma ½ as an influence include Canadian Bryan Lee O'Malley on his series Scott Pilgrim and American Colleen Coover on her erotic series Small Favors.[67][68]

    Film director Makoto Shinkai mentioned that Ranma ½ served as an inspiration for the 2016 animation film Your Name.[69] Matt Bozon, creator of the Shantae video game series, cited Ranma ½ as a big influence on his work. The title of the fourth game, Shantae: 1⁄2 Genie Hero, is also a tribute to the series.[70]

    References

    1. ^ "Viz Media Concludes 2015 With an Action and Drama-Filled Digital Anime Update for December". Viz Media. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2018. The hilarious hijinks of the classic anime martial arts adventure, RANMA ½, continues with the addition of Season 5, Episodes 93-115 available to stream now in their entirety with dubbed English dialogue!
    2. ^ "The Official Website for Ranma 1/2". Viz Media. Archived from the original on July 19, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
    3. ^ Loveridge, Lynzee (July 15, 2017). "Celebrate 30 Years of Martial Arts Mischief with Ranma 1/2 Stamps". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on July 29, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2018. Rumiko Takahashi's Ranma 1/2 martial arts romantic comedy is celebrating 30 years of gender-bending hijinks.
    4. ^ Yoshida, Toshifumi. "Inuyasha Comes to America". Furinkan.com. Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
    5. ^ a b Acres, Dylan. "Interview in Italy". Furinkan.com. Archived from the original on October 18, 2004. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
    6. ^ "Memorial Interview". Furinkan.com. Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
    7. ^ "Miscellaneous – Inspirations". Furinkan.com. April 25, 2006. Archived from the original on February 24, 2007.
    8. ^ Smith, Toren. "Career Retrospective". Furinkan.com. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
    9. ^ Horibuchi, Seiji. "Animerica Interview". Furinkan.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
    10. ^ "35th Anniversary Interview". Natalie.mu. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
    11. ^ 週刊少年サンデー 1987/08/19 表示号数36. Bunka.go.jp (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
    12. ^ 週刊少年サンデー 1996/03/06 表示号数12. Bunka.go.jp (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
    13. ^ らんま１／２〔新装版〕 / 1. Shogakukan (in Japanese). Retrieved May 18, 2014.
    14. ^ らんま１／２〔新装版〕 / 38. Shogakukan (in Japanese). Retrieved May 18, 2014.
    15. ^ "2004 Press Releases". Viz Media. April 25, 2006. Archived from the original on December 30, 2009.
    16. ^ "Product page for volume 36". Viz Media. October 20, 2006. Archived from the original on February 8, 2010. Retrieved October 20, 2006.
    17. ^ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (July 7, 2013). "Viz Media Adds Deadman Wonderland, Gangsta. Manga". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
    18. VIZ Media
    19. VIZ Media
    20. ^ Pedro Cleto (November 15, 2004). "Fenómeno Manga ameaça explosão". bedeteca.com (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on December 14, 2014. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
    21. Amazon.com. Archived
      from the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
    22. ^ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (August 10, 2013). "Viz Media to Release Ranma Anime on BD/DVD". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2013.
    23. ^ Inoa, Christopher (September 28, 2020). "The Fairy Tale of Inuyasha: 20 Years Later". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
    24. ^ "Ranma 1/2 TV Season 1 Collection". Mania.com. Archived from the original on December 16, 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
    25. ^ Hayward, Jon (October 2, 2006). "Madman Panel - Complete Report". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
    26. ^ "OVAs". Furinkan. November 17, 2009. Archived from the original on September 18, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2012.
    27. ^ Loo, Egan (August 1, 2008). "New Ranma 1/2 Short Debuts at Takahashi's Tokyo Event". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
    28. Amazon.co.jp. Archived
      from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
    29. Amazon.co.jp. October 20, 2010. Archived
      from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
    30. Amazon.com. Archived
      from the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
    31. Amazon.com. Archived
      from the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
    32. ^ "Ranma 1/2 The Movie - Big Trouble Nekonron China". Mania.com. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
    33. ^ "Ranma 1/2 The Movie 2 - Nihao My Concubine". Mania.com. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
    34. ^ "Video Games". Furinkan. April 28, 2023. Archived from the original on January 23, 2013. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
    35. ^ a b c d Thompson, Jason (January 26, 2012). "Ranma 1/2 - Jason Thompson's House of 1000 Manga". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2013.
    36. ^ Loo, Egan (September 26, 2011). "Ranma 1/2 Manga Gets Live-Action Special with Yui Aragaki". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
    37. ^ "Drama special "Ranma 1/2" reveals its official poster". Tokyohive. Archived from the original on November 18, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
    38. ^ Loo, Egan (September 26, 2011). "Live-Action Ranma 1/2's Supporting Cast, Writer Revealed". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
    39. ^ Loo, Egan (October 6, 2011). "Ranma 1/2 Manga live-action new antagonist". Anime News Network. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
    40. ^ Loo, Egan (November 11, 2011). "Ranma 1/2 theme song by 9nine". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
    41. Amazon.co.jp. Archived
      from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
    42. Amazon.co.jp. Archived
      from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
    43. ^ "Interview with Rumiko Takahashi from the Memorial Book". WOT Club. April 25, 2006. Archived from the original on May 2, 2007.
    44. ^ "Manga Summaries". Furinkan. April 25, 2006. Archived from the original on March 18, 2009.
    45. ^ "らんま1/2～TVドラマ記念・よりぬき完全版～ / 上巻". Shogakukan (in Japanese). Retrieved May 18, 2014.
    46. ^ "らんま1/2～TVドラマ記念・よりぬき完全版～ / 下巻". Shogakukan (in Japanese). Retrieved May 18, 2014.
    47. ^ "TV Soundtracks". Furinkan. July 5, 2012. Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
    48. ^ "Compilation Soundtracks". Furinkan. July 5, 2012. Archived from the original on July 16, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
    49. ^ "Anime News Service - October 18 - November 9 Anime News". Anime News Service. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2011. RANMA has sold more than 49 million copies in Japan, and is one of the most recognized and acclaimed series ever produced.
    50. ^ Loo, Egan (November 23, 2011). "Live-Action Ranma 1/2 TV Special's 1st Ad Aired". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on November 20, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
    51. ^ "4月15日はアニメ『らんま1/2』の放送開始日。いま振り返れば「完璧すぎる」声優陣". Magmix (in Japanese). April 15, 2021. Archived from the original on March 1, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
    52. ^ "Wizard lists Top 50 Anime". Anime News Network. July 16, 2001. Archived from the original on April 2, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2012.
    53. ^ Loo, Egan (October 13, 2006). "Japan's Favorite TV Anime". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2012.
    54. ^ Macdonald, Christopher (September 23, 2005). "TV Asahi Top 100 Anime". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on June 21, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2012.
    55. ^ "New York Comic Con AAA Finalists". American Anime Awards. May 19, 2007. Archived from the original on July 5, 2007.
    56. ^ Loveridge, Lynzee (November 19, 2019). "The Results are in for NHK's Ultimate Rumiko Takahashi Poll". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on December 15, 2020. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
    57. ^ Martin, Theron (April 2, 2014). "Ranma 1/2 Blu-Ray - Review". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 9, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
    58. ^ Silverman, Rebecca (March 19, 2014). "Ranma 1/2 [2-in-1 Edition] GN 1 - Review". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
    59. ^ "The Rising Sun Responds". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 55. EGM Media. February 1994. p. 24.
    60. ^ a b Santos, Carlos (February 6, 2007). "Ranma 1/2 GN 36". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved July 5, 2013.
    61. ^ Dong, Bamboo (August 3, 2003). "Ranma 1/2 Season 5 DVD box - Review". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on February 9, 2013. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
    62. ^ "Ranma 1/2 (Season 1)". THEM Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
    63. ^ "Ranma 1/2 the Movie: Big Trouble in Nekonron China". THEM Anime Reviews. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
    64. ^ "Ranma 1/2 the Movie 2: Nihao My Concubine". THEM Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on August 27, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
    65. ^ Toole, Mike (April 2, 2017). "The Other 100 Best Anime Movies of All Time, Part 1 - The Mike Toole Show". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on April 1, 2017. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
    66. ^ Thompson, Jason (October 21, 2010). "Jason Thompson's House of 1000 Manga - Futaba-kun Change". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
    67. ^ "Tokyo ComiCon 2017: Bryan Lee O'Malley (Scott Pilgrim) Talks about The Influence from 'Ranma 1/2'". Crunchyroll. December 2, 2017. Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
    68. ^ "Everyone Has Fun: Colleen Coover Talks 'Small Favors'". ComicsAlliance. February 16, 2017. Archived from the original on May 27, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
    69. ISBN 978-4-04-104780-4
      .
    70. ^ "The Kickstart – Shantae Is Back In 1/2 Genie Hero". girlgamer.com. September 9, 2013. Archived from the original on September 17, 2013.

    External links

    Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ranma ½.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranma_½&oldid=1215791949"