Rashiq al-Nasimi
Rashiq al-Nasimi رشيق النسيمي | |
---|---|
Governor of Tarsus | |
In office 962–965 | |
Preceded by | Ibn az-Zayyat |
Succeeded by | Byzantines control of Tarsus |
Military career | |
Years of service | c. 962 – 965 |
Battles/wars | Arab-Byzantine war of 964–965 |
Rashiq al-Nasimi (
Life
Rashiq is first mentioned in late 961, as commanding a Tarsian army sent to confront the invasion of the
In 963, Rashiq led a summer raid (ṣā’ifa) into Byzantine territory, and captured the Byzantine commander of Heraclea (possibly to be identified with Eustathios Maleinos).[1] Such feats were not able to change the tide of the conflict, however. Following the sack of Sayf al-Dawla's own residence, Aleppo, in December 962, the Byzantines under Nikephoros Phokas, who became emperor in 963, firmly held the upper hand, while the Hamdanid ruler, whose prestige was sorely shaken by the sack of his capital, was debilitated by internal revolts.[3] Having already diminished the military strength of Tarsus by his previous victories, the removal of the Hamdanid threat allowed Nikephoros to concentrate on the conquest of Cilicia: Adana fell in 963, while al-Masissa (Mopsuestia, modern Misis) was attacked in 964 and the Byzantines raided widely across the region.[4] Cyprus was taken by a Byzantine fleet in early 965, while in the summer, Nikephoros moved his army once more against al-Masissa, which capitulated on 13 July. Tarsus was next, and after a brief siege, the city surrendered on 16 August.[5]
Rashiq fled to Antioch, where he managed to exploit the power vacuum to become governor and launch an attack on Aleppo, although the sources differ on the exact course of events.[1] According to the hagiography of Patriarch Christopher of Antioch, he promised tribute and hostages to Nikephoros, while gaining the support of the populace. Along with the Hamdanid tax official al-Hasan ibn al-Ahwazi, he then ousted Sayf al-Dawla's appointed governor, Abu Thamal Fath al-Yamki.[1] Ibn Shaddad on the other hand reports that it was Ibn al-Ahwazi who incited Rashiq to revolt, and that the latter played a double game, promising tribute both to Sayf al-Dawla and Nikephoros Phokas. Sayf al-Dawla accepted his offer of an annual sum of 600,000 dirhams, but, citing the imminence of the Byzantine threat, Rashiq deposed the governor Abu Thamal, seized control of the city (October 965) and offered the money promised to Sayf al-Dawla to the Byzantine emperor instead.[1] All sources agree that Rashiq's coup was followed by a treaty between the Antiochenes and Nikephoros, which obliged the former to pay an annual tribute. Rashiq then (on 31 January 966, according to Ibn Shaddad) launched an attack on Aleppo. His troops and the Hamdanid loyalists under Qarghuyah gave many battles, but Rashiq succeeded in capturing the lower city and laid siege to the citadel for three months and ten days, until he was killed in a skirmish and his men fled back towards Antioch.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f PmbZ, Rašīq an-Nasīmī (#26804).
- ^ PmbZ, Ibn az-Zayyāt (#22686).
- ^ Garrood 2008, pp. 133–134.
- ^ Garrood 2008, pp. 135–137.
- ^ Garrood 2008, pp. 137–138.
Sources
- Garrood, William (2008). "The Byzantine Conquest of Cilicia and the Hamdanids of Aleppo, 959–965". Anatolian Studies. 58. British Institute at Ankara: 127–140. S2CID 162596738.
- Lilie, Ralph-Johannes; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2013). Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt (in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.