Rastriya Prajatantra Party

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Rastriya Prajatantra Party.
Rastriya Prajatantra Party
राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी
AbbreviationRPP
Provincial Assemblies
28 / 550
Mayors/Chairs
4 / 753
Councillors
305 / 35,011
Election symbol
Party flag
Website
rpp.org.np

The Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Nepali pronunciation:

Hindu nationalist political party in Nepal.[7]

The party was formed by

King Gyanendra in the 2000s; Chand in 2002 and Thapa in 2003.[8][9]

Rajendra Prasad Lingden is currently serving as party chairman after being elected at the party's general convention in December 2021.[10] Rastriya Prajatantra Party is currently the fifth-largest political party in the House of Representatives after winning 14 seats at the 2022 general election and is one of seven national parties recognized by the Election Commission.[11] The party was briefly part of the ruling coalition government following the election, but has been in opposition since 25 February 2023.[12][13]

History

Founding and early years, 1990–1994

The Rastriya Prajatantra Party was formed by the ruling elite of the Panchayat era on 29 May 1990. The party split in the same year after another group also registered itself with the

1991 elections. The two parties won four seats between them with Chand's party winning three seats and Thapa's party winning one seat. Following their performance at the elections the two parties agreed to merge into a single Rastriya Prajatantra Party on 8 February 1992.[8][14]

The party held its first general convention from in 1992 from 11 to 16 June in Kathmandu and unanimously elected

1994 general elections. The party received 18 percent of the votes and won 20 seats to the House of Representatives, making them the third largest party in the parliament.[9]

Government and second split, 1995–1999

Coalition governments, 1995–1997

The party initially supported the minority government of

CPN (UML).[18] The ministers withdrew their resignation before the no-confidence vote and Deuba won the confidence vote.[19] Six cabinet ministers close to Chand again resigned from the government in December 1996 but supported Deuba in the confidence vote later and rejoined the cabinet.[20][21][22]

Chand and Thapa governments, 1997–1998

In March 1997 a faction of the party led by

CPN (UML), with Chand as prime minister.[16] On 3 October 1997, the faction led by Surya Bahadur Thapa voted for a no-confidence motion tabled by Nepali Congress and toppled the government. Thapa was then made the prime minister on 6 October 1997 with the support of Congress.[14][23]

After losing support within his party Thapa asked King Birendra to dissolve the house and call for fresh elections. After the recommendation of the Supreme Court, the king called forth a special session of the parliament to debate the no-confidence motion filed against Thapa.[24] Thapa survived the no-confidence vote and expelled six central committee members for threatening to back a no-confidence motion against him.[14][24]

The second general convention of the party took place from 12 to 16 November 1997 in

Pashupati SJB Rana and Kamal Thapa were nominated as vice-chairman, general secretary and spokesman respectively. Lokendra Bahadur Chand however created his own Rastriya Prajatantra Party on 9 January 1998 claiming that Thapa had mismanaged the party, did not listen to the directions of the central committee and accused Thapa of not holding the general election in a fair manner. He broke off with 10 members of parliament including 8 from the House of Representatives and 2 from the National Assembly.[14] Thapa resigned as prime minister on 10 April 1998 and was replaced by Nepali Congress president Girija Prasad Koirala.[25]

The two parties contested the

1999 elections and fared badly in the election with the party winning 11 seats and the party led by Chand not winning any seats. Following the elections, the parties decided to merge again on 31 December 1999. A group led by Rajeshwar Devkota however decided not to rejoin the party and formed their own Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Nationalist).[14]

Direct rule and internal conflicts, 2002–2015

Second Chand and Thapa governments, 2002–2006

The king dismissed the government of

Pashupati SJB Rana

At the third general convention of the party held in

Pashupati SJB Rana was elected chairman during the convention and Padma Sundar Lawati, Kamal Thapa and Rosan Karki were nominated vice-president, general secretary and spokesperson respectively.[14][33]

There were calls within the party for

consensus government.[34] He resigned on 7 May 2004 and was replaced by Nepali Congress (Democratic) leader Sher Bahadur Deuba.[35][36] On 4 November 2004, Thapa announced that he would be quitting the party and forming a new centre-right liberal party.[37][38] The party was formally launched on 13 March 2005 as Rastriya Janashakti Party.[39]

On

Home Minister.[41]

On 10 January 2006, members of the central committee close to

Pashupati SJB Rana as party chairman with Thapa. Thapa's claim as new chairman was dismissed by other members of the party.[42] Thapa's faction of the party contested the 2006 local elections that was boycotted by the Seven Party Alliance and the Rana faction of the party. The party won mayoral positions in major cities including Kathmandu, Pokhara, Bharatpur and Dhangadhi in an election marred by a lack of candidates, violence and low turnout.[43][44] The party members that supported Thapa, including six incumbent cabinet ministers, were expelled. On 28 October 2006, they formed their own party, the royalist Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal, under the leadership of Kamal Thapa.[39][14]

Constituent Assembly, 2007–2015

The party held its fourth general convention from 9 to 11 December 2007 and re-elected Pashupati SJB Rana as party chairman.

Pashupati SJB
Rana: former chairperson of the party

In the

1st Constituent Assembly through the party-list proportional representation system. Party chairman Pashupati SJB Rana also lost from Sindhupalchowk 1.[39] On 28 May 2008, at the first session of the 1st Constituent Assembly. The party voted in favor of abolishing the monarchy and turning Nepal into a republic. Lokendra Bahadur Chand who was serving as the parliamentary party leader of the party was absent during the vote.[14][47] The party joined the Madhav Kumar Nepal
led government in June 2009.

At the party's fifth general convention from 17 to 19 May 2013, the

CPN (UML)–Nepali Congress coalition government under Sushil Koirala following the election and sent two ministers to the cabinet.[49][14]

Federal Nepal, 2016–present

Flag of the Rastriya Prajatantra Party until 2016

Continued internal conflicts, 2016–2020

On 21 November 2016, the party announced its unification with the

Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Democratic).[55] The party joined the coalition government under Nepali Congress president Sher Bahadur Deuba on 13 October 2017 with Kamal Thapa again serving as deputy prime minister.[56]

In the

Province 6.[61]

Re-unification and new leadership, 2020–present

See also: 2021 general convention of Rastriya Prajatantra Party

The

constituent assembly Bikram Pandey as the party vice-president.[66] Following the general convention, Kamal Thapa left the party and revived the Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal.[67]

The party announced intentions to unify other pro-monarchist groups under their umbrella and groups including Nepal Ka Lagi Nepali Campaign, Mission Nepal, Gorach Abhiyan and the Gyanendra Shahi led Hamro Nepal Hami Nepali Campaign joined the party in the following months.[68][69] Former chairman of Bibeksheel Sajha Party, Rabindra Mishra also joined the party on 28 September 2022 as senior vice-president.[70]

The party fielded 140 candidates to the

Rajendra Lingden retained his seat in Jhapa 3 and the party gained 6 more direct seats. The party also got 5.58% of the party list vote to become one of seven national parties in the Federal Parliament. The party won 7 proportional seats for a total of 14 seats at the House of Representatives.[11] The party was also successful in winning seats to all seven provincial assemblies.[72]

Ideology

Electoral symbol of the party until 2020

The Rastriya Prajatantra Party was established as an alternative force to the major political parties, Nepali Congress and Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist). The party was founded on the principles of democracy, constitutional monarchy, nationalism and economic liberalism.[14][73][74] At the time of the party's foundation Surya Bahadur Thapa's party was considered as the more liberal party and Lokendra Bahadur Chand's party was considered as the more conservative party.[75]

Monarchy and federal structure

At the first session of the

religious freedom and registered an amendment proposal for such on 19 March 2017.[77][78] The Election Commission removed the portion of the party statute that advocated for a Hindu state and monarchy on 17 March 2017 and asked the party to remove the provisions again on 22 January 2022 claiming that it was against Article 260 of the Constitution of Nepal.[79][80]

The party supports a

directly elected prime minister and a fully proportional parliament.[81][14] The party also calls for the scrapping of the provincial governments claiming that it is an expensive experiment. The party wants to instead strengthen the local governments and create a two-tier federal structure.[82][83]

Cultural issues

In 2023, RPP opposed the legalisation of same-sex marriage in Nepal, stating that it would break the "sanctity of marriage and family values".[84]

Electoral performance

Legislative elections

% Votes of RPP and its splinter groups
11.94  
5.38
6.56
17.93  
17.93
13.85  
10.44
3.41
4.43  
2.45
0.95
1.03
9.41  
2.75
6.66
3.29  
2.06
0.93
0.30
5.7  
5.58
0.12
1991 1994 1999 2008 2013 2017 2022
9.51  
RPP (6.66)
RPP (C) (1.42)
RJSP (0.14)
RPPN (1.12)
RPP(D)
(0.13)
URPP(N) (0.04)
Average
Election Leader Votes Seats Position Resulting government
No. % +/- No. +/-
1991
 Surya Bahadur Thapa 392,499 5.38
1 / 205
 7th Opposition
Lokendra Bahadur Chand 478,604 6.56
3 / 205
 5th Opposition
1994
 Surya Bahadur Thapa 1,367,148 17.93
20 / 205
 Increase 19 Increase 3rd Support for minority government
1999
 Surya Bahadur Thapa 899,511 10.44
11 / 205
 Decrease 9 Steady 3rd Opposition
Lokendra Bahadur Chand 293,952 3.41
0 / 205
 9th Opposition
2008
Pashupati SJB Rana
 310,214 3.01
8 / 575
 Decrease 3 Decrease 8th Opposition
2013 Surya Bahadur Thapa 238,313 2.63 Decrease0.38
13 / 575
 Increase 5 Increase 6th Coalition government
2017
 Kamal Thapa 196,782 2.06[a] Decrease 0.57
1 / 275
 Decrease 12 Decrease 7th Opposition
2022 Rajendra Prasad Lingden 588,849 5.58 Increase 3.52
14 / 275
 Increase 13 Increase 5th Coalition government
Opposition
  1. ^ Represented as Independent for not reaching the 3% threshold

Provincial elections

Koshi

See also: Koshi Provincial Assembly
Election Votes Seats Position Resulting government
No. % +/- No. +/-
2017 57,342 3.30
1 / 93
 5th Opposition
2022 198,511 10.45 Increase 7.15
6 / 93
 Increase 5 Increase 4th Coalition government

Madhesh

See also: Madhesh Provincial Assembly
Election Votes Seats Position Resulting government
No. % +/- No. +/-
2017 17,039 1.11
0 / 107
 7th Extra-parliamentary
2022 65,054 3.12 Increase 2.01
1 / 107
 Increase 1 Decrease 8th Confidence & supply
Opposition

Bagmati

See also: Bagmati Provincial Assembly
Election Votes Seats Position Resulting government
No. % +/- No. +/-
2017 59,268 3.13
2 / 110
 5th Opposition
2022 275,562 14.23 Increase 11.10
13 / 110
 Increase 11 Increase 4th Coalition government
Opposition

Gandaki

See also: Gandaki Provincial Assembly
Election Votes Seats Position Resulting government
No. % +/- No. +/-
2017 15,649 1.64
0 / 40
 7th Extra-parliamentary
2022 59,483 6.03 Increase 4.39
2 / 40
 Increase 2 Increase 4th Coalition government
Opposition

Lumbini

See also: Lumbini Provincial Assembly
Election Votes Seats Position Resulting government
No. % +/- No. +/-
2017 23,213 1.44
0 / 87
 7th Extra-parliamentary
2022 127,452 6.75 Increase 5.31
4 / 87
 Increase 4 Increase 4th Confidence & supply
Opposition

Karnali

See also: Karnali Provincial Assembly
Election Votes Seats Position Resulting government
No. % +/- No. +/-
2017 15,629 3.16
1 / 40
 4th Opposition
2022 25,186 4.36 Increase 1.20
1 / 40
 Steady Decrease 5th Confidence & supply
Opposition

Sudurpashchim

See also: Sudurpashchim Provincial Assembly
Election Votes Seats Position Resulting government
No. % +/- No. +/-
2017 15,444 1.95
0 / 53
 5th Extra-parliamentary
2022 44,233 4.93 Increase 2.98
1 / 53
 Increase 1 Decrease 6th Confidence & supply
Opposition

Leadership

Chairpersons

Current party chairman, Rajendra Prasad Lingden

Prime Ministers

No. Prime Minister Portrait Terms in Office Legislature Cabinet Constituency
Start End Tenure
1. Lokendra Bahadur Chand 12 March 1997 7 October 1997 209 days
3rd House of Representatives
 Chand, 1997 Baitadi 2
11 October 2002 5 June 2003 237 days Appointed by
King Gyanendra
 		Chand, 2002
2. Surya Bahadur Thapa 7 October 1997 15 April 1998 190 days
3rd House of Representatives
 Thapa, 1998 Dhankuta 2
5 June 2003 4 September 2004 1 year, 91 days Appointed by
King Gyanendra
 		Thapa, 2003

Deputy Prime Ministers

No. Prime Minister Portrait Terms in Office Legislature Cabinet Constituency
Start End Tenure
1. Kamal Thapa 12 October 2015 4 August 2016 297 days Constituent Assembly
Oli, 2015
Party list
17 October 2017 14 February 2018 120 days Constituent Assembly Deuba, 2017
2. Rajendra Prasad Lingden 17 January 2023 25 February 2023 39 days 2nd Federal Parliament Dahal, 2023 Jhapa 3

Current leadership

No. Portfolio[85][86][87] Office holder Terms in Office
Start End Tenure
1. Chairman Rajendra Prasad Lingden 5 December 2021 Incumbent 2 years, 133 days
2. Senior Deputy Chairman Rabindra Mishra 28 September 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 201 days
3. Deputy Chairman Bikram Pandey 5 December 2021 Incumbent 2 years, 133 days
Buddhi Man Tamang
Dhruba Bahadur Pradhan
Roshan Karki
Hemjung Gurung
Mukundashyam Giri
4. General Secretary Dhawal Shamsher Rana 5 December 2021 Incumbent 2 years, 133 days
Bhuwan Pathak
Kunti Shahi
Rajendra Gurung 31 January 2022 2 years, 76 days
Pralhad Prasad Sah
Sharad Raj Pathak 22 December 2022 1 year, 116 days
5. Spokesperson Bhakti Prasad Sitaula 31 January 2022 Incumbent 2 years, 76 days
Mohan Shrestha
Sagun Sundar Lawati
Gopal Dahal
Gyanendra Shahi 15 February 2021 2 years, 61 days
6. Joint General Secretary Mohan Prasad Yadav 31 January 2022 Incumbent 2 years, 76 days
Dhan Bahadur Budha
Shyam Bahadur Shahi
Prakash Rimal
Rabindra Pratap Shah
Jhanak Pyakurel
Reena Gurung
7. Assistant Spokesperson Pravin Kumar Thokar Tamang 31 January 2022 Incumbent 2 years, 76 days
Dinesh Kumar Sah
Purna Bahadur Chand
8. Assistant General Secretary Ramnand Neupane 31 January 2022 Incumbent 2 years, 76 days
Bijay Khadka
Prem Balayar
Rishiraj Devkota
Tahir Ali
Deepak Kumar Rai

Provincial Committee Chairs

Province Chairman Term start Reference
Province No. 1
 Ram Thapa 2021 [88]
Province No. 2
 Bharat Giri
Bagmati Province Bikram Thapa
Gandaki Province Hem Jung Gurung
Lumbini Province Pradip Kumar Uday
Karnali Province Dip Bahadur Shahi
Sudurpashchim Province Dharma Raj Joshi

List of current Members of Parliament

Rastriya Prajatantra Party (14)
Constituency/PR group Member Portfolio & Responsibilities/Remarks
Jhapa 3 Rajendra Lingden Parliamentary party leader
Jumla 1 Gyan Bahadur Shahi Chief whip
Banke 2 Dhawal Shamsher Rana
Chitwan 3 Bikram Pandey
Makwanpur 1 Deepak Bahadur Singh
Nawalparasi West 2 Dhruba Bahadur Pradhan
Rupandehi 3 Deepak Bohara
Dalit Anisha Nepali
Madheshi Bina Jaiswal
Indigenous peoples Bina Lama
Indigenous peoples Budhhiman Tamang
Khas Arya
 Gita Basnet
Khas Arya
Pashupati Shamsher Rana
Khas Arya
 Rosan Karki

Sister Organizations

See also

  • General Convention of Rastriya Prajatantra Party (2021)

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  83. ^ Khatiwada, Nishan (3 November 2022). "What's behind the growing calls to 'scrap' provinces?". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
  84. ^ https://www.dw.com/en/nepal-same-sex-marriage-a-milestone-for-lgbtq-rights-in-asia/a-67628604#:~:text=Kamal%20Thapa%2C%20chairperson%20of%20Nepal's,in%20Hindu%2Dmajority%20Nepali%20society.
  85. ^ "RPP Chairman Lingden nominates 24 office-bearers". My Republica. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  86. ^ "RPP Chair Lingden appoints 2 vice-chairmen, 2 general secretaries among 24 office bearers". The Annapurna Express. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  87. ^ "ज्ञानेन्द्र शाही राप्रपाको प्रवक्ता बन्ने, राजतन्त्रको एजेन्डा स्वीकारेको घोषणा". Nepal Press. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  88. ^ "राप्रपाका सातै प्रदेश अध्यक्ष चुनिए".

External links

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