Rayalaseema

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Rayalaseema
Dathamandalam, Hiranya Rashtramu
Venkateswara Temple.
Nickname: 
Cultural Region of Andhra Pradesh
Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh
Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh
Country India
StateAndhra Pradesh
District(s)
Largest cities
Area
 • Total71,060 km2 (27,440 sq mi)
 • Rank17
Population
 (2011)
 • Total15,184,908
 • Density226/km2 (590/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialTelugu
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationAP02, AP03, AP04, AP21, AP39, AP40
Largest airportTirupati Airport
Gooty Fort In Anantapur District
Gandikota Fort view
Satish Dhawan Space Centre In Tirupati District

Rayalaseema (

Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises four southern districts of the State, from prior to the districts reorganisation in 2022, namely Kurnool, Anantapur, YSR and Chittoor. Four new districts were created from these, namely Sri Sathya Sai, Nandyal, Annamayya and Tirupati.[2] As of 2011 census of India, the western four districts (before the district realignment) of the region had a population of 15,184,908 and cover an area of 71,060 km2 (27,440 sq mi).[3]

Etymology

The region was previously called Ceded districts during the rule of the British Raj. This is with reference to the time when the Nizam of Hyderabad, Ali Khan, ceded the region to the British as a part of subsidiary alliance. Chilukuri Narayana Rao, a Telugu lecturer and activist from Anantapur, deemed the term "ceded" as derogatory and coined the term Rayalaseema.[4] In the Andhra Mahasabha and Ceded Districts Conference held at Nandyala in November 1928, he moved a resolution to the effect which was accepted by the other delegates of the conference.

The name Rayalaseema hearkened back to the Vijayanagara times, whose Kings used a suffix Rāya (tadbhava of Sanskrit Rāja) or Rāyalu in Telugu as their regnal title. The boundaries of Rayalaseema roughly match the territorial extent of the Aravidu dynasty, the last dynasty to rule the Vijayanagara Empire.[4]

Post independence

The four districts of the region were part of the

Giddalur were merged along with some other taluks of Nellore district and Guntur district to form Prakasam district
.

In February 2014, the

ten districts. Hyderabad will remain as a joint capital for 10 years for both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.[7] The new State of Telangana came into existence on 2 June 2014 after approval from the President of India.[8] The formation of a new state named Telangana from Andhra Pradesh is not considered an amendment to the Constitution of India per article 3 and 4 of that document.[9]

Rayalaseema districts before 4th April 2022

Geography

Rayalaseema region is located in the southern region of the state of Andhra Pradesh. The region borders the state of Tamil Nadu to the south, Karnataka to the west and Telangana to the north,Nellore,Prakasam districts and bay of bengal in the east. Some areas in Coastal Andhra, such as Markapur revenue division of Prakasam district, share similar geography, culture and climate to Rayalaseema as they are once part of the Kurnool district.[10]

Education

Universities

Medical colleges

Central institutions

Deemed universities


Transport

Roadways

Pulivendula-Kadapa 4 lane road near pulivendula

The road network in region consists of many

National Highways such as, NH 40, NH 42, NH 44, NH 140, NH 167, NH 340, NH 67, NH 69, NH 71, NH 716
.

NH 716 Near Renigunta

Railways

Kadapa Railway Station Premises

The rail connectivity is getting better with the projects allocated or being part of the region such as, Nandyal–Yerraguntla, Nadikudi–Srikalahasti, Kadapa–Bangalore sections are the under development projects which forms a part of the region.[11] Most of the region falls under the jurisdiction of Guntakal railway division of South Central Railway zone.

Airports

Air India and Jet Airways at Tirupati Airport

Rayalaseema region has air connectivity with four airports

Tirupati International Airport, Sri Sathya Sai Airport, Kadapa Airport and Kurnool Airport
.

Waterways

Dugarajapatnam Port is a proposed port in Tirupati district.[12]

Infrastructure

Power

Rayalaseema Thermal Power Station

Rayalaseema Region has thermal as well solar power plants. Rayalaseema Thermal Power Station is located in Kadapa district and Andhra Pradesh government recently sanctioned solar power parks in Rayalaseema districts[13] with a capacity of 4000MW's.Today the state of Andhra Pradesh stood No.1 position in solar power generation with an installed capacity of 1868 MW[14] In India and also offers world's largest solar power park of 1000 MW is also located in Andhra Pradesh.

Lake

The only Lake located in the region of Rayalaseema is Pulicat Lake. The major part of the Lake is located in Sullurpeta division of Tirupati district.

northeast monsoon rain clouds during the October to December season. The lagoon comprises the following regions, which adds up 759 square kilometres (293 sq mi) according to Andhra Pradesh
.

Politics

8 chief ministers for the state.[15]

Factionalism

Rayalaseema is home to numerous factional families who are often intertwined with political parties and violently clash with each other. Government employees are known to dread postings in the region. The high crime rate is attributed to Rayalaseema's high poverty rate. Although violence has declined since the 1980s, factionalism still reigns supreme. Police records estimate that in the past 35 years, about 8,465 civilians have died as a result of factional violence.[16][17]

Sri Bagh act

Based on Sri Bagh act signed on 18 November 1937, Kurnool was made the capital of the new state after the division of

Madras state.[18][19] As per the second State Resolution Commission, the state capital was shifted to Hyderabad upon formation of Andhra Pradesh by States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[20]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Andhra Pradesh Fact Sheet". mapsofindia.com.
  2. ^ Rajeev, M (11 October 2015). "Rayalaseema in a state of discontent". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  3. ^ "Population of AP districts(2011)" (PDF). ap.gov.in. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  4. ^ a b Correspondent, Special. "The birth of Rayalaseema". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
  5. ^ "The Indian Express - Google News Archive Search". The Indian Express – via Google News Archive Search.
  6. ^ "The Indian Express - Google News Archive Search". The Indian Express – via Google News Archive Search.
  7. ^ "The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014" (PDF). India Code Legislative Department. Ministry of Law and Justice. 1 March 2014. p. 2. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  8. ^ "Telangana state formation gazette". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  9. ^ "Constitution of India Sub-section". Indiankanoon.org. 4 March 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  10. ^ "Andhra Pradesh – end of an era". Business Standard. Hyderabad. 30 July 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
  11. ^ "Proper rail connectivity still a far cry in Rayalaseema". The Hindu. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  12. ^ "Decks cleared for Dugarajapatnam port". The Times of India.
  13. ^ "AP Solar Corpn sanctions 4,000 MW power parks". M.thehindubusinessline.com. 22 December 2015.
  14. ^ Raghavendra, V. (29 April 2017). "With Kurnool solar park, State takes a giant leap". The Hindu. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  15. ^ "Telangana.com – Committed For Development". Telangana.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  16. ^ "Factionalism, Violence and Politics in Andhra Pradesh's Rayalaseema". The Wire. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  17. ^ "Of the sordid theatre of faction killings in Rayalaseema region | Vijayawada News - Times of India". The Times of India. TNN. 23 March 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  18. . Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  19. ^ "APonline – History and Culture – History-Post-Independence Era". aponline.gov.in. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013.
  20. ^ "Revive Sri Bagh pact, demands vedika". Hyderabad. 19 June 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2015.

External links

Further reading

  • Reddy, G. Samba Siva (2006–2007). "Making of Micro-Regional Identities in the Colonial Context: Studying the Rayalaseema Maha Sabha, 1934–1956". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 67: 500–513.
    JSTOR 44147969
    .

Media related to Rayalaseema at Wikimedia Commons