Raymond-Roupen

Raymond-Roupen
Raymond-Roupen
House of Poitiers
Father	Raymond IV, Count of Tripoli
Mother	Alice, Lady of Toron

Raymond-Roupen (also Raymond-Rupen and Ruben-Raymond; 1198 – 1219 or 1221/1222) was a member of the

Isabella

on his deathbed, but was defeated and imprisoned until death.

Succession uncertainty

The marriage of Raymond-Roupen's parents,

regency likely if Raymond-Roupen were to succeed him.^[2]

Bohemond sent his widowed daughter-in-law back to Cilicia along with his newborn grandson, either to ensure their safety or to remove the grandson from succession in favor of a son by his latest marriage.

king of Cilicia. The ceremony was combined with Raymond-Roupen's baptism, and both were performed by the papal legate Conrad of Wittelsbach.^[6] Leo, who had no sons, recognized Raymond-Roupen as his heir presumptive, and made it his principal mission to secure his grandnephew's succession to Antioch as well.^[5]

Conrad of Wittelsbach traveled from

Latin Patriarch of Antioch.^[8]

War of the Antiochene Succession

When Bohemond III died in April 1201, Bohemond IV had no difficulty establishing himself as Prince of Antioch. Many noblemen who had favored Raymond-Roupen fled to Sis.

junior king of Cilicia, with a crown sent by Emperor Otto IV.^[12] The following year, when he was about to reach the age of majority, Raymond-Roupen was sent by Leo to plunder Antioch.^[13]

Raymond-Roupen found new allies in the Hospitallers and Antiochene noblemen, including the leader of the commune, by promising grants of land. In this too he was supported by Leo.

Seljuk Turks promptly attacked Cilicia, and Raymond-Roupen may have been asked to assist his granduncle. Their relationship, however, deteriorated and Raymond-Roupen intended to capture Leo. The latter was warned by the Templars and escaped to Cilicia. Without Leo's backing, Raymond-Roupen could not hold Antioch. He helped the Hospitallers occupy Jableh in 1218 but found himself lacking resources, as the principality had been devastated by the war.^[13] An increase of taxation made him unpopular among his subjects.^[14]

In 1219, the burghers and noblemen of Antioch rose up and persuaded Bohemond to return.[15] On his uncle's arrival, Raymond-Roupen sought refuge in the citadel but then fled to Cilicia.^[15] He left the citadel in the hands of the Hospitallers, earning their friendship.^[16]

Cilician claim

Once ousted from Antioch, Raymond-Roupen sought shelter with Leo in Cilicia.^[13] His granduncle was on his deathbed, however, and decided to disinherit Raymond-Roupen in favor of his infant daughter Isabella.^[13]^[17] Prince Bohemond IV's restoration, followed by King Leo I's death in May 1219, thus ended Raymond-Roupen's prospects of ruling Antioch.^[13] Raymond-Roupen instead rose to claim Cilicia, as did John of Brienne, husband of Leo's elder daughter, Stephanie.^[17] Pope Honorius III ruled that Stephanie or her son by John should succeed King Leo,^[16] but both mother and child died soon after.^[18] Honorius then ruled in favor of Raymond-Roupen.^[16]

Raymond-Roupen's chances of winning the Cilician throne seemed good: he had the support of his mother, Alice; of some Cilician nobles; of the Hospitallers; of the papacy and of the papal legate

Pelagius of Albano, who was leading the Fifth Crusade in Egypt.^[19] Raymond-Roupen traveled to Damietta in the summer of 1220 to consult with Pelagius in person, after which he invaded Cilicia with his mother. They established themselves in Tarsus, where they waited for help from the Hospitallers.^[16] Constantine of Baberon, regent for Queen Isabella, quickly marched to their stronghold.^[19] After a three-month siege,^[19] Tarsus was captured together with Raymond-Roupen and Alice.^[16]

Aftermath

Raymond-Roupen died in a Cilician prison in 1221 or 1222. He was in his mid-twenties.[19] Isabella and Bohemond were left to reign uncontested in Cilicia and Antioch, respectively,^[16] and shortly thereafter Bohemond's son Philip became king by marrying Isabella, but met a similar fate.^[19] Honorius and Pelagius decided not to put forward the claims of Raymond-Roupen's young daughters, Maria and Eschiva, who were taken by their mother to Cyprus.^[16]

Family tree

Roupen III of Armenia

Bohemond III of Antioch

Raymond IV of Tripoli

Bohemond IV of Antioch

Raymond-Roupen

References

^ Runciman 1989, p. 89.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Runciman 1989, p. 99.
^ ^a ^b Jotischky 2016, p. 243.
^ Burgtorf 2016, p. 199.
^ ^a ^b Boase 1978, p. 19.
^ Stopka 2016, p. 131.
^ Runciman 1989, p. 99-100.
^ ^a ^b Runciman 1989, p. 100.
^ Burgtorf 2016, p. 200.
^ Runciman 1989, p. 101.
^ Burgtorf 2016, p. 208.
^ Stopka 2016, p. 149.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Burgtorf 2016, p. 202.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hardwicke 1969, p. 538.
^ ^a ^b Hardwicke 1969, p. 540.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Runciman 1989, p. 171.
^ ^a ^b Runciman 1989, p. 164.
^ Runciman 1989, p. 165.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Burgtorf 2016, p. 203.

Sources

Boase, T. S. R. (1978). The Cilician Kingdom of Armenia. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press.
ISBN 0-7073-0145-9
.

Hardwicke, Mary Nickerson (1969). "The Crusader States, 1192–1243". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Wolff, Robert Lee; Hazard, Harry (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311. The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 522–554.
ISBN 0-299-04844-6
.

Burgtorf, Jochen (2016). "The Antiochene war of succession". In Boas, Adrian J. (ed.). The Crusader World. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 196–211.
ISBN 978-0-415-82494-1
.

Jotischky, Andrew (2016). Kedar, Benjamin Z.; Phillips, Jonathan; Riley-Smith, Jonathan (eds.). Crusades. Vol. 7. Taylor & Francis.
ISBN 978-1-351-98557-4
.

ISBN 0-521-06163-6
.

Stopka, Krzysztof (2016). Armenia Christiana: Armenian Religious Identity and the Churches of Constantinople and Rome (4th-15th century). Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press.
ISBN 9788323395553
.

Regnal titles
Raymond-Roupen House of Poitiers Born: 1198 Died: 1221/1222
Preceded by Bohemond IV	Prince of Antioch 1216–1219	Succeeded by Bohemond IV
Preceded by Leo I as sole king	King of Armenian Cilicia 1211–1219 with Leo I as senior king	Succeeded by Isabella

[FOOTNOTERunciman198989-1] Runciman 1989, p. 89.

[FOOTNOTERunciman198999-2] Runciman 1989, p. 99.

[FOOTNOTEJotischky2016243-3] Jotischky 2016, p. 243.

[FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2016199-4] Burgtorf 2016, p. 199.

[FOOTNOTEBoase197819-5] Boase 1978, p. 19.

[FOOTNOTEStopka2016131-6] Stopka 2016, p. 131.

[FOOTNOTERunciman198999-100-7] Runciman 1989, p. 99-100.

[FOOTNOTERunciman1989100-8] Runciman 1989, p. 100.

[FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2016200-9] Burgtorf 2016, p. 200.

[FOOTNOTERunciman1989101-10] Runciman 1989, p. 101.

[FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2016208-11] Burgtorf 2016, p. 208.

[FOOTNOTEStopka2016149-12] Stopka 2016, p. 149.

[FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2016202-13] Burgtorf 2016, p. 202.

[FOOTNOTEHardwicke1969538-14] Hardwicke 1969, p. 538.

[FOOTNOTEHardwicke1969540-15] Hardwicke 1969, p. 540.

[FOOTNOTERunciman1989171-16] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Runciman 1989, p. 171.

[FOOTNOTERunciman1989164-17] Runciman 1989, p. 164.

[FOOTNOTERunciman1989165-18] Runciman 1989, p. 165.

[FOOTNOTEBurgtorf2016203-19] Burgtorf 2016, p. 203.

[2]

[6]

[5]

[8]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

v t e Princes of the Principality of Antioch
Reigning princes (1098–1268)	Bohemond I Bohemond II Constance Raymond Raynald Bohemond III Bohemond IV Raymond-Roupen Bohemond V Bohemond VI
Titular princes (1268–1457)	Bohemond VI Bohemond VII Lucia Philippe II Margaret John I John II John III