Raymond Davis Jr.
Raymond Davis Jr. | |
|---|---|
Neutrinos | |
| Awards | Comstock Prize in Physics (1978) Tom W. Bonner Prize (1988) Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize (1994) Wolf Prize in Physics (2000) National Medal of Science (2001) Nobel Prize in Physics (2002) Enrico Fermi Award (2003) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Chemistry, physics |
| Institutions | Monsanto University of Pennsylvania |
| Thesis | The ionization constant of carbonic acid and the solubility of carbon-dioxide in water and sodium chloride solutions from 0 to 50 degrees c. (1942) |
Raymond Davis Jr. (October 14, 1914 – May 31, 2006) was an American
neutrinos
emitted from the Sun; for this he shared the 2002
Nobel Prize in Physics.[3]
Early life and education
Davis was born in
National Bureau of Standards. He spent several years as a choirboy to please his mother, although he could not carry a tune. He enjoyed attending the concerts at the Watergate before air traffic was loud enough to drown out the music. His brother Warren, 14 months younger than he, was his constant companion in boyhood. He received his B.S. from the University of Maryland in 1938 in chemistry, which is part of the University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences. He also received a master's degree from that school and a Ph.D. from Yale University in physical chemistry in 1942.[4]
Career
Davis spent most of the war years at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah[5] observing the results of chemical weapons tests and exploring the Great Salt Lake basin for evidence of its predecessor, Lake Bonneville.[6]
After his discharge from the army in 1945,[6] Davis went to work at Monsanto's Mound Laboratory, in Miamisburg, Ohio, doing applied radiochemistry of interest to the United States Atomic Energy Commission. In 1948, he joined Brookhaven National Laboratory, which was attempting to find peaceful uses for nuclear power.[5]
Davis reports that he was asked "to find something interesting to work on," and dedicated his career to the study of
Homestake Experiment, the large-scale radiochemical neutrino detector which first detected evidence of neutrinos from the sun.[5][4]
Davis shared the
Homestake Experiment
. He was 88 years old when awarded the prize.
Personal life
Davis met his wife Anna Torrey at Brookhaven and together they built a 21-foot wooden sailboat, the Halcyon. They had five children and lived in the same house in Blue Point, New York for over 50 years.[6] He died in Blue Point, New York, from complications of Alzheimer's disease.[1][2]
Honors and awards
- 2003,
- 2002, Nobel Prize in Physics (with Masatoshi Koshiba)[7]
- 2001, National Medal of Science[9][10]
- 2000, Wolf Prize in Physics[11]
- 1996, George Ellery Hale Prize of the American Astronomical Society[12][13]
- 1994, Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize of the American Astronomical Society[14][15]
- 1992, W. K. H. Panofsky Prize of the American Physical Society[16]
- 1988, Tom W. Bonner Prize of the American Physical Society[17]
- 1978, National Academy of Sciences[18]
Notable works
- Davis, Raymond Jr. (1953). "Attempt to detect the Antineutrinos from a Nuclear Reactor by the 37Cl (ν, e−) 37Ar Reaction". Physical Review. 97 (3): 766. . – Non-detection of antineutrinos with chlorine
- Davis, Raymond Jr. (1964). "Solar Neutrinos II, Experimental". Physical Review Letters. 12 (11): 303. . – Proposal for Homestake Experiment
- Cleveland, B. T.; et al. (1998). "Measurement of the solar electron neutrino flux with the Homestake chlorine detector". Astrophysical Journal. 496 (1): 505–526. doi:10.1086/305343. – final results of Homestake Experiment
Other publications
- Davis, R. Jr. & D. S. Harmer. "Solar Neutrinos", Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), (December 1964).
- Davis, R. Jr. "Search for Neutrinos from the Sun", Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (1968).
- Davis, R. Jr. & J.C. Evans Jr. "Report on the Brookhaven Solar Neutrino Experiment", Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), (September 22, 1976).
- Davis, R. Jr., Evans, J. C. & B. T. Cleveland. "Solar Neutrino Problem", Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), (April 28, 1978).
- Davis, R. Jr., Cleveland, B. T. & J. K. Rowley. "Variations in the Solar Neutrino Flux", Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics at University of Pennsylvania, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), (August 2, 1987).
References
- ^ a b Kenneth Chang (2 June 2006). "Raymond Davis Jr., Nobelist Who Caught Neutrinos, Dies at 91". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
- ^ a b David B. Caruso (2 June 2006). "Raymond Davis, who detected elusive solar particles, dies at 91". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
- .
- ^ a b Lande, Kenneth (2018). "Raymond Davis Jr. 1914–2006". Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (PDF). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. pp. 1–28.
- ^ ISSN 0163-8998. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ a b c "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Press Release: The 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics". nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Retrieved 2017-03-29.
- ISSN 0016-0032.
- ^ "The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details | Raymond Davis". NSF - National Science Foundation. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ National Science Foundation – The President's National Medal of Science
- ^ "Raymond Davis Jr". Wolf Foundation. 10 December 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ "Hale Prize awarded to Raymond Davis". SolarNews. January 1, 1996. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ "George Ellery Hale Prize - Previous Winners". AAS Solar Physics Division. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ISSN 0031-9228.
- ^ "Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize". American Astronomical Society. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ "1992 W.K.H. Panofsky Prize in Experimental Particle Physics Recipient". The American Physical Society. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ "1988 Tom W. Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics Recipient". The American Physical Society. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ "Comstock Prize in Physics". National Academy of Sciences.
External links
- Raymond Davis Jr. on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture on December 8, 2002 A Half-Century with Solar Neutrinos
- The Ghost Particle at PBS NOVA
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