Rear of the Russian Armed Forces
This article includes a improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2013) ) |
Тыл Вооружëнных Сил Российской Федерации Rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation | |
---|---|
Russian Federation | |
Branch | Russian Armed Forces |
Role | Logistics and support |
Garrison/HQ | Moscow |
Anniversaries | August 1 |
Commanders | |
Current commander | Army General Dmitry Bulgakov (2008-2010) |
The Rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RAF-RF) (Russian: Тыл Вооружëнных Сил Российской Федерации, romanized: Tyl Vooruzhonnykh Sil Rossiyskoy Federatsii), often referred to in English as the rear services, was an organization of support services for the Russian Armed Forces until 2010 when it was transformed into Logistical Support of the Russian Armed Forces.
The Rear of the Armed Forces included an unusually diverse range of services, for example medical services, firefighters, logistical services, economic analysts, scientific units, and combat-ready formations for maintaining and protecting rear installations such as pipelines and railways. The Rear also had its own central staff organization.
In addition to the centrally controlled Rear of the Armed Forces, there were also separate rear services for each armed service, e.g. the Rear of the
History
The formation of Russian rear services is commonly ascribed to the year 1700, when
In 2010 it was transformed into the Logistical Support of the Russian Armed Forces.[1]
Road Troops
The Road Troops (Russian: Дорожные войска) are a part of Material and Technical Support of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.[2][3] They included road commandant units and formations, bridge, pontoon-bridge, as well as road units and subdivisions, designed to perform road maintenance tasks.[4]
In Russia until 2017, there were also road construction 'parts'
- from 1992 to 1997 - as part of one of the central authorities of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, and then the Central Road Construction Directorate of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (TsDSU)), then the Federal Road Construction Directorate of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation;
- from 1997 to 2017 - the Federal Service for Special Construction of Russia, then Spetsstroy of Russia, which carried out defence-related road construction.
At present, the main composition of formations, units and subdivisions of the road troops, their institutions, institutions, enterprises and organizations, are part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Road-building formations are also part of the Military Construction Complex of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation.[6]
History of military road building
Road construction troops date back to
In 1930, by the decision of
By the Decree of the
For Daldorstroy, the Red Army from December 1933 to January 1934 formed two brigades of road troops: the first - in the city of Rostov-on-Don, led by brigade commander N. M. Anisimov, and the second - in the city of Kiev (brigade commander - Lebedev), with a total number of personnel of about 15,000 people, and redeploy them to the Far East. The headquarters of the first brigade is the village of Dmitrievka, Primorsky Region, the second is the city of Khabarovsk. The first brigade was building from Vladivostok to Iman, and the second - from Iman to Khabarovsk. On November 4, 1935, the central press organ of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the newspaper Pravda published an article signed by the head of Daldorstroy, Comrade Yu.Apanasenko:[7]
Starting to get acquainted with the affairs of the front and operational plans, Apanasenko discovered that along most of the Trans-Siberian Railway, with its dozens of bridges and tunnels, there is no reliable highway (Moskovsky Trakt) that would run parallel to the railway. This circumstance made the troops of the front extremely vulnerable, since the railway line sometimes passed very close to the border. It was enough for the Japanese to blow up several bridges or tunnels to deprive the armies of the front and freedom of maneuver, and reliable supplies. Apanasenko immediately ordered the construction of a reliable road with a length of almost a thousand kilometers, using not only the construction units of the front, but also the population of the surrounding areas. The deadline for this huge work was set as short as five months. ..Apanasenko's order was carried out, and the road from Khabarovsk to the station Kuibyshevka-Vostochnaya was built by September 1, 1941.
After the
The GKO of the USSR decreed on 16 January 1942 that separate road construction battalions (odsb) with a strength of 477 people be formed: 8 odsb in the Moscow Military District; 6 odsb in the Volga Military District; Central Asian - eight odsb in the Central Asian Military District; 3 odsb in the Siberian Military District, 4 odsb in the South Ural Military District; six battalions in the Transcaucasian Military District, and separate bridge-building battalions (omostsb) with a personnel strength of 501 people : four in the Moscow MD, two bridge battalions in the Arkhangelsk MD, two bridge battalions in the Privolzhsky MD, two bridge battalions in the Central Asian MD, one bridge battalion in the Siberian MD, two bridge battalion in the Ural MD, one bridge building battalion in the South Ural Military District, and ten bridge building battalions in the Transcaucasian MD.
By order of the
By the middle of 1943, the road troops of the Soviet Armed Forces consisted of:
- 294 separate road battalions;
- 22 Military Highway (VAD) directorates with 110 road commandant areas (DKU);
- 7 military road departments (VDU) with 40 road detachments (DO);
- 194 horse transport companies;
- repair bases;
- bases for the production of bridge and road structures;
- educational and other institutions.
In total, there were 400,000 road warriors at the front.
After the end of the war, it was decided to reduce the "road troops" of the Soviet Armed Forces. Of the reduced units and units in 1945, by the decision of the State Defense Committee, a road construction unit was created - the Special Road Construction Corps of the
By a Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, dated October 23, 1970, regarding
- Baikalsk - Posolskoyewith a length of 178.5 km;
- Mukhorshibir - Glinka with a length of 178.5 km;
- Bludnaya River - Cheremkhovo with a length of 178.5 km[15]
In total, 606 km of roads with asphalt concrete pavement were built and put into operation on the Irkutsk-Chita road in accordance with the standards of the 3rd technical category, while 207,000,000
As the work on their sections was completed, the road construction brigades shifted to work on the
Work on the construction and reconstruction of the "Irkutsk - Chita" road was basically completed in 1981.[15] During the reconstruction and construction of the "Irkutsk - Chita" road (1970-1981) on the section of the river Bludna - Cheremkhovo, a number of large excavations was developed using powerful directed explosions with laying up to 400 tons of explosive per explosion.[15]
The road construction brigades worked on the construction of the Chita-
- Chita - Nikolaevka - Znamenka in Chita Oblast;
- Pashkovo — Svobodny — in Amur Oblast[15]
Later, it was decided to build, by the forces of three special brigades of the Main Military Construction Directorate, from two directions:
- one special brigade of the GVSU of the USSR Ministry of Defense launched construction on the Chita - Nikolaevka - Znamenka section from the western direction;
- one special brigade of the GVSU of the USSR Ministry of Defense launched construction on the eastern section of the road in the direction of Pashkovo - Arkhara - Zavitinsk;
- one special brigade of the GVSU of the USSR Ministry of Defense launched construction on the eastern section of the road in the direction of Zavitinsk - Sivaki.
The total length of the AD (with entrances) reached 2283 km, of which the existing paved road was 370 km. It was necessary to build 1913 km of new capital road.[15]
From the beginning of construction until 1992, 510 km of the road were built by the personnel of the Specialized Brigades, and more than 300,000,000 rubles of capital investments were disbursed (in estimated prices of 1969). From 1984 to 1992, the M58 built:
- more than 30 capital bridges and overpasss, including a large 750 metre bridge across the River Zeya;
- two complexes of buildings and structures of the road and motor transport services of the road;
- petrol stations;
- posts of the State Automobile Inspectorate and other objects[15]
All these tasks were performed by the following Road Troops formations:
- 70th Separate road construction brigade;
- 146th Separate Road Construction Brigade;
- 159th Separate Road Construction Brigade;
- 160th separate road construction brigade.
In accordance with a Armed Forces General Staff directive, in 1969, under the Ministry of Construction and Maintenance of Roads of the Ukrainian SSR, the
The Road Troops took part in the
At different times, the Limited Contingent/40th Army (Soviet Union) included:
- 159th Separate Road Construction Brigade;
- 58th Separate Automotive Brigade;
- 59th Brigade of Material Support (Puli-Khumri 1988)[17]
In accordance with the directive of the Minister of Defence of the USSR of June 1, 1988, the 307th Training Road Brigade (307 uchdbr) (V/Ch 32213) was established in
Road Troops under the Russian Flag from 1992
The Road troops of the Russian Federation today consist of separate road commandant and bridge brigades, separate road commandant, road, bridge, bridge preparation battalions, other units, institutions and organizations. Training of specialists for road troops is carried out at
The Road Troops of the North Caucasus Military District included in the Joint Group for the counter-terrorist operation, were very limited: parts of the road commandant's brigade, three road depots and road maintenance sections of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Russian Ministry of Defense). In Chechenya, they restored bridges across the river (river) Terek in the area of the settlement Chervlyonnaya, r. Argun and r. Sunzha — in Petropavlovsk.
The Road Troops also reacted after floods damaged infrastructure. In 2002, road builders quickly restored bridges across the river Argun in Shatoi and across the river. Kuban on a federal highway in the city of Nevinnomyssk.
From October to December 2006, the 100th Separate Bridge Battalion, Central Automobile and Road Administration of the Russian Ministry of Defense assisted with transport infrastructure in Lebanon.
Soviet road building authorities
In various periods of the history of the Soviet Union, for one reason or another, in various government departments (sometimes simultaneously), there were various control bodies for road-building military formations:
- Central Directorate of highways and dirt roads, and motor transport (TSUDORTRANS) under the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union (1933-1936);
- Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (1946-1953) from 1936 to 1946:[20]
- Central Automobile and Road Administration (TsDA) of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR (1987—1992) until 1987[21]
- Road Administration of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR ([1969—1987);
- Directorate of the Road Service Central Directorate of Military Communications (TsUP VOSO) Ministry of Defense of the USSR (1961-1969);
- Department of the Road Service of the Ministry of Defence of the USSR (1959—1961)
- Road department of the Headquarters Rear Services of the Armed Forces of the USSR (1946-1959)
- Main Road Directorate of the Red Army (1943-1946)
- Main Directorate of Motor Transport and Road Service of the Red Army (1942-1943)
- Automobile and Road Administration of the Red Army (1941-1942)
- 6th Department (Motor Transport and Road Service) Red Army General Staff(1938-1941);
- Central Road Construction Administration (TSDSU) of the Ministry of Defence of the USSR (1988-1992);
- Road Construction Department of the Main Military Construction Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Defence (GVSU) (1969—1992)[14]
- 1310th Construction Board (1989-1992)
Current Agencies
The rear services of the Armed Forces of Russia included:[citation needed]
- Main Military Medical Departmentof the RF Defence Ministry
- Main Department of Military Transportation of the RF Defence Ministry
- Central Automobile Road Department of the RF Defence Ministry
- Central Department of Rocket and Other Fuel of the RF Defence Ministry
- Central Food Department of the RF Defence Ministry
- Central Clothing Department of the RF Defence Ministry
- Fire Rescue and Local Defence Service of the RF Armed Forces
- Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the RF Armed Forces
- Economic Security Department of the RF Armed Forces
- Main Trade Department of the RF Defence Ministry
- Main Department of Active Leisure of the RF Defence Ministry
- Agricultural Department of the RF Defence Ministry
- Military Science Committee of the RF Armed Forces Rear
- Secretariat of the Chief of the RF Armed Forces Rear
- Personnel Department of the RF Armed Forces Rear
- Signal Troops of the RF Armed Forces Rear
- Russian Railway Troops (since 5 October 2004)
- Russian Automobile Troops
- Russian Road Troops
- Russian Pipeline Troops
Aside from these, all the branches of the Russian Armed Forces maintain their respective rear services, which report to the Rear Services HQ.
References
- ^ Материально-техническое обеспечение Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации (in Russian). Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- Mil.ru. Internet portal of the Russian Ministry of Defence. Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2017-09-27.
- ^ "МТО: новые задачи, новые возможности". Красная звезда (Krasnaya Zvezda). 2010-11-24.
- ^ a b A.P. Gorkin, others 2001, p. 535.
- ^ Федеральный закон от 31 мая 1996 г. N 61-ФЗ "Об обороне" (с изменениями и дополнениями) [Federal Law No. 61-FZ of May 31, 1996 "On Defense" (as amended)]. garant.ru (in Russian). Статья 1. Основы обороны (Fundamentals of Defense).
- Mil.ru. Internet portal of the Russian Ministry of Defense. Archived from the originalon 2017-12-04. Retrieved 2018-07-12.
- ^ ""RG"".
- ^ Kharitonov 1960, p. 79, IV. Uniforms and insignia. January 1943 - March 1958.
- ^ Kharitonov 1960, p. 93, IV. Uniforms and insignia. January 1943 - March 1958.
- ^ Kharitonov 1960, p. 151 (Table 155), App. No. 10. Tables with drawings of uniform items. 1918-1958.
- ^ "Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR dated 04 No. 250: On the introduction of the Rules for the wearing of military uniforms by servicemen of the Soviet Army and Navy". With annexes No. 1, 2 to the order, and annexes No. 1, 2, 3 to the Rules. Website "Departmental heraldry". Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2017-09-27.
- ^ "Dorozhnyye voyska Belorussii" [Road Troops of Belarus]. 2014-12-16.
- ^ Military Encyclopedic Dictionary, page 243 [2001?].
- ^ a b Council of Veterans 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i RoadTroops 1995.
- ^ "Prehistory". Archived from the original on 2014-04-15. Retrieved 2010-11-08.
- ^ a b Feskov et al. 2013, p. 546.
- ^ Feskov et al. 2013, p. 327.
- ^ Military Department Archived 2022-06-01 at the Wayback Machine at FGOU VPO Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy.
- ^ "Main Directorate of Highways (GUShOSDOR) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. (1936—1953); fund Р-9419; inventory 1; unit 99; 1947-1953" [Guide to the history of the USSR]. Protection of state security and public order, pp. 337-338. Funds of the State Archives of the Russian Federation.
- ISBN 978-5-203-01990-5.
- Council of Veterans (1 March 2011). "Сайт Совета ветеранов отдельных дорожно-строительных бригад ГВСУ МО [Website of the Council of Veterans of Separate Road Construction Brigades of the GVSU MO]". Archived from the original on 3 January 2012.
- Feskov, V.I.; Kalashnikov, K.A.; Golikov, V.I.; Slugin, S.A. (2013). Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской (часть 1: Сухопутные войска) [The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II, from the Red Army to the Soviet (Part 1: Land Forces).]. Tomsk.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) [1] Improved version of 2004 work with many inaccuracies corrected. - A.P. Gorkin, others, ed. (2001). Military Encyclopedic Dictionary (VES) in 2 volumes. Vol. 1. Moscow: Institute of military history of the Russian Defence Ministry BRE : RIPOL classic. 847 pages, illustrated. Encyclopedic dictionaries. ISBN 5-85270-219-6. — ISBN 5-7905-0994-0. - ISBN 5-7905-0995-9.
- Kharitonov, O. V. (1960). under general. ed. regiment. I. P. Ermoshin (ed.). Illustrated description of uniforms and insignia of the Soviet Army (1918-1958). For our Soviet Motherland!. Leningrad: Artillery Historical Museum of the Main Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defence of the Soviet Union. 179 pages of illustrations.
- Ministry of Defence of Russia. "Automotive and Road Directorate of the Russian Ministry of Defence". Archived from the original on 2012-11-15. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
- RoadTroops (1995). История дорожных войск [History of the Road Troops]. Moscow: Voenizdat. (432 стр)
- A.E. Serdyukov, others, ed. (2007). Military Encyclopedic Dictionary [VES]. Moscow: ISBN 978-5-203-01990-5. Sheets of illustrations=[46]; illustration type=color. silt; illustrations=col. maps, illustrations, portraits, tables.
External links
- (in Russian) Official website
- (in Russian) Defence Ministry. The Rear Services of the Armed Forces