Rec. 2020
Illuminant D65 for the white point. | |
Status | Approved |
---|---|
First published | August 23, 2012[1] |
Latest version | BT.2020-2 October 14, 2015[2] |
Authors | ITU-R |
Base standards | Rec. 2020, BT.2020 |
Domain | Digital image processing |
Website | www |
ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020, more commonly known by the abbreviations Rec. 2020 or BT.2020, defines various aspects of
Rec. 2020 is extended for high-dynamic-range (HDR) by Rec. 2100, which uses the same color primaries as Rec. 2020.
Technical details
Resolution
Rec. 2020 defines two standard image formats of
Frame rate
Rec. 2020 specifies the following frame rates: 120p, 119.88p, 100p, 60p, 59.94p, 50p, 30p, 29.97p, 25p, 24p, 23.976p.[2] Only progressive scan frame rates are allowed.[2]
Digital representation
Rec. 2020 defines a bit depth of either 10 bits per sample or 12 bits per sample.[2]
10 bits per sample Rec. 2020 uses video levels where the black level is defined as code 64 and the nominal peak is defined as code 940. Codes 0–3 and 1,020–1,023 are used for the timing reference. Codes 4 through 63 provide video data below the black level while codes 941 through 1,019 provide video data above the nominal peak.[2]
12 bits per sample Rec. 2020 uses video levels where the black level is defined as code 256 and the nominal peak is defined as code 3760. Codes 0–15 and 4,080–4,095 are used for the timing reference. Codes 16 through 255 provide video data below the black level while codes 3,761 through 4,079 provide video data above the nominal peak.[2]
System colorimetry
Color space | White point | Primaries | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xW | yW | xR | yR | xG | yG | xB | yB | |
ITU-R BT.2020 | 0.3127 | 0.3290 | 0.708 | 0.292 | 0.170 | 0.797 | 0.131 | 0.046 |
The Rec. 2020 (UHDTV/UHD-1/UHD-2) color space can reproduce colors that cannot be shown with the Rec. 709 (HDTV) color space.[6][7] The RGB primaries used by Rec. 2020 are equivalent to monochromatic light sources on the CIE 1931 spectral locus.[7][8][9] The wavelength of the Rec. 2020 primary colors is 630 nm for the red primary color, 532 nm for the green primary color, and 467 nm for the blue primary color.[8][10][11] In coverage of the CIE 1931 color space, the Rec. 2020 color space covers 75.8%, the DCI-P3 digital cinema color space covers 53.6%, the Adobe RGB color space covers 52.1%, and the Rec. 709 color space covers 35.9%.[6]
During the development of the Rec. 2020 color space it was decided that it would use real colors, instead of
The
Transfer characteristics
Rec. 2020 defines a nonlinear transfer function for gamma correction that is the same nonlinear transfer function that is used by Rec. 709, except that its parameters are (for 12 bit only) given with higher precision:[2][14]
- where E is the signal proportional to camera-input light intensity and E′ is the corresponding nonlinear signal
- where α = 1 + 5.5 * β ≈ 1.09929682680944 and β ≈ 0.018053968510807 (values chosen to achieve a continuous function with a continuous first derivative)
The standard says that for practical purposes, the following values of α and β can be used:
- α = 1.099 and β = 0.018 for 10 bits per sample system (the values given in Rec. 709)
- α = 1.0993 and β = 0.0181 for 12 bits per sample system
While the Rec. 2020 transfer function can be used for encoding, it is expected that most productions will use a reference monitor that has an appearance of using equivalent of gamma 2.4 transfer function as defined in ITU-R BT.1886 and that the reference monitor will be evaluated under viewing conditions as defined in Rec. ITU-R BT.2035.[2][15][16]
RGB and luma-chroma formats
Rec. 2020 allows for RGB and luma-chroma signal formats with 4:4:4 full-resolution sampling and luma-chroma signal formats with 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 chroma subsampling.[2] It supports two types of luma-chroma signals, called YCbCr and YcCbcCrc.
YCbCr may be used when the top priority is compatibility with existing
The YcCbcCrc scheme is a "constant luminance" luma-chroma representation.[2] YcCbcCrc may be used when the top priority is the most accurate retention of luminance information.[2] The luma component in YcCbcCrc is calculated using the same coefficient values as for YCbCr, but it is calculated from linear RGB and then gamma corrected, rather than being calculated from gamma-corrected R′G′B′ and is done as follows: Y′ = (KR⋅R + KG⋅G + KB⋅B)′.[12] The chroma components in YcCbcCrc are calculated from the Y′, B′, and R′ signals with equations that depend on the range of values of B′−Y′ and R′−Y′.
Color management
Implementations
The Rec. 2020 color space is supported by
On September 11, 2013, ViXS Systems announced the XCode 6400 SoC which supports 4K resolution at 60 fps, the Main 10 profile of HEVC, and the Rec. 2020 color space.[26]
2014
On May 22, 2014, Nanosys announced that using a quantum dot enhancement film (QDEF) a current LCD TV was modified so that it could cover 91% of the Rec. 2020 color space.[27] Nanosys engineers believe that with improved LCD color filters it is possible to make a LCD that covers 97% of the Rec. 2020 color space.[27]
On September 4, 2014, Canon Inc. released a firmware upgrade that added support for the Rec. 2020 color space to their EOS C500 and EOS C500 PL camera models and their DP-V3010 4K display.[28][29]
On September 5, 2014, the
On November 6, 2014, Google added support for the Rec. 2020 color space to VP9.[32]
On November 7, 2014, DivX developers announced that DivX265 version 1.4.21 has added support for the Main 10 profile of HEVC and the Rec. 2020 color space.[33]
On December 22, 2014,
2015
On January 6, 2015, the MHL Consortium announced the release of the
On January 7, 2015, Ateme added support for the Rec. 2020 color space to their TITAN File video platform.[39]
On March 18, 2015, Arri announced the SXT line of Arri Alexa cameras which will support Apple ProRes recording at 4K resolution and the Rec. 2020 color space.[40][41]
On April 8, 2015, Canon Inc. announced the DP-V2410 4K display and EOS C300 Mark II camera with support for the Rec. 2020 color space.[42][43]
On May 26, 2015, the NHK announced a 4K LCD with a laser diode backlight that covers 98% of the Rec. 2020 color space. Using a laser allows for generating almost monochromatic light.[44][45] The NHK stated that at the time it was announced this 4K LCD has the widest color gamut of any display in the world.[46]
On June 17, 2015, Digital Projection International presented a 4K LED projector with support for the Rec. 2020 color space.[47]
2016
On January 4, 2016, the UHD Alliance announced their specifications for Ultra HD Premium which includes support for the Rec. 2020 color space.[48]
On January 27, 2016, VESA announced that DisplayPort version 1.4 will support the Rec. 2020 color space.[49]
On April 17, 2016, Sony presented a 55 in (140 cm) 4K OLED display with the support of Rec. 2020 color space.[50]
On April 18, 2016, the Ultra HD Forum announced industry guidelines for UHD Phase A which includes support for the Rec. 2020 color space.[51][52]
2017
At
The Ultra HD Forum guidelines for
2018
At SID display week 2018, various companies showcased displays that are able to cover over 90% of the Rec.2020 color space. JDI showcased an improvement of their 17.3" LCD 8k broadcast monitor that is powered by an RGB laser backlight system. This allows the display to reproduce 97% of the Rec. 2020 color space.
Rec. 2100
Rec. 2100 is an ITU-R Recommendation released in July 2016 that defines high dynamic range (HDR) formats for both HDTV 1080p and 4K/8K UHDTV resolutions.[53] These formats use the same color primaries as Rec. 2020, but with different transfer functions for HDR use. Rec. 2100 does not support the YcCbcCrc scheme of Rec. 2020.
See also
- Rec. 601 – ITU-R Recommendation for SDTV
References
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