Reccopolis

Coordinates: 40°19′19″N 2°53′33″W / 40.32194°N 2.89250°W / 40.32194; -2.89250
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Reccopolis
Reccopolis is located in Spain
Reccopolis
Shown within Spain
Reccopolis is located in Castilla-La Mancha
Reccopolis
Reccopolis (Castilla-La Mancha)
Reccopolis is located in Province of Guadalajara
Reccopolis
Reccopolis (Province of Guadalajara)
LocationZorita de los Canes, Province of Guadalajara, Castilla–La Mancha, Spain
Coordinates40°19′19″N 2°53′33″W / 40.32194°N 2.89250°W / 40.32194; -2.89250
TypeSettlement
History
Founded578
Abandoned9th century
PeriodsEarly Middle Ages

Reccopolis (Spanish: Recópolis;

province of Guadalajara, Spain. It represents one of the Visigoth cities founded in Iberia during the post-Roman period.[1]

Established by Visigothic king Liuvigild, who ruled Iberia in 568–86 AD, Reccopolis is one of only two cities in Western Europe known to have been founded between the fifth and eighth centuries.[2] Its remains serve as a case study for understanding the ideas and ideals of a city in Late Antiquity, reflecting influences from classical Roman models.[3]

Discovered in the 1890s, the site underwent archaeological excavations starting in the 1940s under Juan Cabré, with ongoing efforts revealing the monumental area within the walled enclosure. Notable remains include an aqueduct located 2 km to the east, recognized as the first new, urban aqueduct in the Iberian Peninsula in two centuries and the last built in the Roman way.

Historical information

Reccopolis was founded in the year 578. The date is given in chronicle of

mint, coins from which have been found dating to the reign of Wittiza, in the early eighth century.[6]

The city was named by the Visigothic king

Celtiberia, to the west of Carpetania, where the main capital, Toledo, lay. As a post-Roman royal foundation the city's only European rival in the sixth century was Ravenna. In the eighth century the Visigoths at Reccopolis welcomed Muslim over-lordship in return for Muslim protection. The Moors conserved the city as Madinät Raqquba and though they reused building materials to construct a fortification on a hill facing the city, the city declined and was burned, looted, razed, and incrementally abandoned in the tenth century. It lay forgotten until the twentieth century.[7]

Today Reccopolis is a large field of ruins[8] in the Cerro de la Olíva. There are plans to protect the partially excavated site as Parque Arqueológico Recópolis.[9] In 2007, the Museo Arqueológico Regional in Alcalá de Henares mounted an exhibition called "Recópolis: un paseo por la ciudad Visigoda" and published an accompanying catalogue.

Design

Hispania in 586 AD

Archaeological excavations at Reccopolis have revealed traces of city walls with towers every thirty metres, an aqueduct,[10] commercial and residential quarters covering 30 hectares, several markets, and a mint. Its urban core was centered on a palace with administrative as well as royal functions, connected with a palatine chapel, an arrangement that has Byzantine parallels. On the western wall, a single entrance gate provided access. Within this a second gate formed an entrance to an "upper city" of the palace compound and its attached chapel. The "lower city" outside contained lodgings for the ordinary citizens, commercial districts and a barracks.

The palace was two stories tall. The lower story was a single space, perhaps a granary, with column bases supporting the story above. Flooring remnants indicate the second story may have been the piano nobile. The roofs were tiled, as they had been in Roman times. The palace chapel is possibly the last of the Visigothic Arian churches, but it was overlaid by the Romanesque hermitage of Nuestra Señora de Recatel, which was constructed on the ruined site. It was of basilica construction, with a central nave separated by solid walls from the flanking naves. These exited into the transept, but did not communicate directly with the nave. Its hemispherical apse was rectangular in outer appearance. A deep narthex was entered by a single central door.

References

  1. Suinthila as a fortification against the Basques, is modern Olite. All of these cities were founded for military purposes and at least Reccopolis, Victoriacum, and Ologicus in celebration of victory. A possible fifth Visigothic foundation is Baiyara (perhaps modern Montoro), mentioned as founded by Reccared in the fifteenth-century geographical account, Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar
    , cf. José María Lacarra, "Panorama de la historia urbana en la Península Ibérica desde el siglo V al X," La città nell'alto medioevo, 6 (1958:319–358). Reprinted in Estudios de alta edad media española (Valencia: 1975), pp25–90.
  2. ISSN 0963-9268
    .
  3. ISSN 1047-7594
    .
  4. ISBN 978-0-85323-554-5
    .
  5. ^ Welles 1948:266.
  6. ^ E. A. Thompson, The Goths in Spain (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969:64).
  7. ^ The first professional exploration of the site was undertaken under the supervision of J. Cabré in 1944–45. (Fernando Miranda, in Patrimonio) Archived 30 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ C. Bradford Welles, "Archaeological News" American Journal of Archaeology 52.2 (April 1948:199–270) p. 266.
  9. ^ Unicef:Parque Arqueológico Recópolis Archived 27 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Martínez Jiménez, J. 2015. A preliminary study of the aqueduct of Reccopolis. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 34(3), pp. 301–20.

External links

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