Reconstruction in Afghanistan
Reconstruction in Afghanistan refers to the efforts to improve Afghanistan's governance as well as physical buildings and infrastructure following the overthrow of the First Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan by the United States. These efforts involved various groups including supranational organizations,[1] the Afghan government,[2] the US government and other foreign governments,[3] and civilians.[4] These efforts also include training civil administrators, improving essential services and public safety, supporting civil society and self-determination, and promoting the rule of law and economic development.[4]
Under the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2002–2021)
International efforts
The reconstruction process of Afghanistan began in 2002. Many of these projects were supervised by the
Infrastructure Developments
One major development goal is the completion of the
On the provincial and national level, projects such as the National Solidarity Programme, inter-provincial road construction, and the US-led revamping of rural health services have met with more success.[citation needed]
United States Efforts
The United States has poured tens of billions of dollars into the reconstruction effort. It has established the
Afghanistan was on the rebound after years of conflict had wreaked havoc on the country's infrastructure. The US was collaborating with the Afghan government to develop and implement good economic policies that are long-term, transparent, and predictable. The United States Agency for International Development aimed to improve economic policies that affect the public sector by strengthening the capacity of the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank, as well as creating an environment that allows the private sector to expand and create jobs and income.[12] According to the U.S. special inspector general for Afghanistan reconstruction report, reveals how most programs were not suited to the complicated circumstances which wasted 20 years and $145 billion of effort "We were devoid of a fundamental understanding of Afghanistan... we didn't know what we were doing." - Douglas Lute.[13] The rehabilitation effort's achievements have been varied. Theres was a lack of coordination, understanding of local conditions, and sound planning on the part of international donors, as well as corruption and incompetence on the part of the Afghan government.[citation needed]
Foreign Investment
Kazakhstan is providing food and development assistance to Afghanistan.[3] Kazakhstan has delivered $20 million worth food products since 2002 and $50 million in scholarships for Afghan students to study in Kazakhstan.[14] Multiple countries in NATO have also contributed to assistance.[citation needed]
Relations with the Taliban
According to a lawsuit filed in December 2019 in the
Restoration of Taliban Control (since 2021)
Following the
See also
References
- ^ "Afghanistan — Projects & Programs". World Bank. Archived from the original on 2018-07-09. Retrieved 2019-03-28.
- ^ Shirzad, Fazalrabi; Nusra, Rabia (February 2018). "Investment in infrastructure and employment in Afghanistan — Review of past and present investment plans" (PDF). The Liaison Office and International Alert. March 2018: 1–43.
- ^ a b "Kazakhstan, Afghanistan to intensify economic co-op". TrendAz.
- ^ a b McNerney, Michael J. (Winter 2005–2006). "Stabilization and Reconstruction in Afghanistan: Are PRTs a Model or a Muddle?" (PDF). Parameters: 32–46.
- ^ "IMF and Afghanistan's other Donors and Creditors: Stop The Afghanistan Debt And Aid Trap To Save Millions Of Innocent Lives Worldwide". NoorRahmanLiwal/#StopTheAfghanistanDebtTrap. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ "Afghanistan: NATO Pleased With Offensive, But Goals Still Unmet". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
- ^ "Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund". World Bank. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
- ^ "Government to have greater control over aid pledged in London". IRIN Asia. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
- ^ Afghanistan: Ring Road's Completion Would Benefit Entire Region
- ^ Road reconstruction map
- ^ BBC Newshour, Sept. 21, 2015.
- ^ "U.S. Commitment to Afghanistan". georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-16.
- ^ "US mission in Afghanistan a failure: Government watchdog". ABC News. Retrieved 2021-12-16.
- ^ "Kazakhstan, Afghanistan to intensify economic co-op". trendaz.
- ^ "Families of Afghan war dead say contractors bribed Taliban". Stars and Stripes. December 27, 2019.
- ^ "US contractors sued for allegedly paying 'protection money' to the Taliban in Afghanistan". CNBC. December 27, 2019.
- ^ a b "Gold Star Families Sue Defense Contractors, Alleging They Funded The Taliban". NPR. December 28, 2019.
- ^ "Lawsuit Accusing Contractors of Paying Protection Money to Taliban Is Expanded". The Wall Street Journal. June 8, 2020.
- ^ "Gold Star family lawsuit alleges contractors in Afghanistan funneled money to the Taliban". CNN. December 28, 2019.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-08-02.