Red-backed shrike

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Red-backed shrike
Adult male

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Laniidae
Genus: Lanius
Species:
L. collurio
Binomial name
Lanius collurio
Range of L. collurio
  Breeding
  Passage
  Non-breeding

The red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) is a carnivorous

tropical Africa and southern Africa
.

Red-backed shrike song

Taxonomy

The red-backed shrike was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under its current binomial name Lanius collurio.[2] The genus name, Lanius, is derived from the Latin word for "butcher", and some shrikes are also known as "butcher birds" because of their feeding habits. The specific collurio is from Ancient Greek kollurion, a bird mentioned by Aristotle.[3] The common English name "shrike" is from Middle English *schrike, *schryke, from Old English sċrīc, "shriek", from the same root as shriek and screech, referring to the bird's shrill cry or call.[4]

Description

This 16–18 cm-long (6.3–7.1 in) migratory bird eats large insects, small birds, frogs, rodents and lizards. Like other shrikes it hunts from prominent perches, and impales corpses on thorns or barbed wire as a "larder." This practice has earned it the nickname of "butcher bird."[5]

The general colour of the male's upper parts is reddish. It has a grey head and a typical shrike black stripe through the eye. Underparts are tinged pink, and the tail has a black and white pattern similar to that of a wheatear. In the female and young birds the upperparts are brown and vermiculated. Underparts are buff and also vermiculated.[5]

Distribution and habitat

This bird breeds in most of

western Asia and winters in tropical Africa. The bird is listed as a "least concern" (LC) species on a global scale,[1] but some parts of its range have seen a steep decline in numbers, so locally its status can be less secure.[6]

Great Britain

Once a common migratory visitor to Great Britain, numbers declined sharply during the 20th century, and it is now classified as a UK 'Red List' species.

RSPB announced that a pair had raised chicks at a secret location on Dartmoor where the bird last bred in 1970.[7] In 2011, two pairs nested in the same locality, fledging seven young.[8] In 2012 there was another breeding attempt, this time unsuccessful, probably due to a prolonged spell of wet weather.[9] In 2013 breeding was again confirmed in Devon, with two young fledged at a new site.[10] The return to south-western England was an unexpected development, raising speculation that a warming climate might assist the bird in re-colonising some of its former haunts.[6] However, since then breeding has been confirmed on only two occasions, both in Shetland, in 2015 and 2020.[11]

Gallery

  • Adult female in Poland
    Adult female in Poland
  • Eggs—MHNT
    Eggs—
    MHNT
  • Juvenile bird
    Juvenile bird
  • ID composite
    ID composite
  • Cuculus canorus canorus in a clutch of Lanius collurio - MHNT
    Cuculus canorus canorus in a clutch of Lanius collurio -
    MHNT

References

  1. ^ . Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  2. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 94.
  3. .
  4. ^ "Shrike". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  5. ^
    RSPB
    . Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  6. ^ a b "Mark Avery's blog: Shrikes". RSPB. Retrieved on 30 December 2011
  7. ^ ""Butcher bird" nests in England after 18 year absence". RSPB. Retrieved on 10 September 2010
  8. ^ "Red-backed Shrike breeds on Dartmoor". Birdwatch magazine. Archived from the original on 2012-06-05. Retrieved 30 December 2011
  9. ^ "Red-backed Shrike" (PDF). The Devon Birdwatching and Preservation Society. Retrieved 15 August 2013
  10. ^ "England's only nesting "butcher birds" successful on Dartmoor". RSPB. Retrieved on 10 March 2014
  11. ^ "Red-backed shrike breeds successfully in Shetland". birdguides.com. Retrieved on 25 June 2021

Further reading

External links