Red Ruthenia
Red Ruthenia
| |
---|---|
Historic region | |
Country | Poland Ukraine |
Largest city | Lviv |
Red Ruthenia, or Red Rus' (
First mentioned by that name in a Polish chronicle of 1321, Red Ruthenia was the portion of
A minority of ethnic
History
Ethnography
The first known inhabitants of northern Red Ruthenia were Lendians[3] and White Croats,[4] while subgroups of Rusyns, such as Boykos and Lemkos, lived in the south.
Later
During the second half of the 14th century, the Vlachs arrived from the southeastern Carpathians and quickly settled across southern Red Ruthenia. Although during the 15th century the Ruthenians gained a foothold, it was not until the 16th century that the Wallachian population in the Bieszczady Mountains and the Lower Beskids was Ruthenized.[8] From the 14th to the 16th centuries Red Ruthenia underwent rapid urbanization, resulting in over 200 new towns built on the German model (virtually unknown before 1340, when Red Ruthenia was the independent Kingdom of Halych).[9]
Political history
1199 to 1772
During the early Middle Ages, the region was part of Kievan Rus' and, from 1199, the independent Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia.
It came under Polish control in 1340, when Casimir the Great conquered it.[11][12] During his reign from 1333 to 1370, Casimir the Great founded several cities, urbanizing the rural province.[13]
The Polish name Ruś Czerwona (translated as "Red Rus") came into use for the territory extending to the
In October 1372,
Ruthenia was subject to repeated
- Ruthenian Voivodeship
- Chełm Land (Ziemia Chełmska), Chełm
- Chełm County, (Powiat Chełmski), Chełm
- Powiat of Ratno, (Powiat Ratneński), Ratno
- Halych Land (Ziemia Halicka), Halicz
- Powiat of Halicz, (Powiat Halicki), Halicz
- Kolomyja County, (Powiat Kołomyjski), Kołomyja
- Trembowla County, (Powiat Trembowelski), Trembowla
- Lwów
- Powiat of Lwów, (Powiat Lwowski), Lwów
- Powiat of Żydaczów, (Powiat Żydaczowski), Żydaczów
- Przemyśl Land (Ziemia Przemyska), Przemyśl; Its area was 12,000 km2. and in the 17th century it was divided five smaller regions (county, powiaty).
- Przemyśl County (Powiat Przemyski), Przemyśl
- Powiat of Sambor, (Powiat Samborski), Sambor
- Powiat of Drohobycz, (Powiat Drohobycki), Drohobycz
- Powiat of Stryj, (Powiat Stryjski), Stryj
- Sanok Land (Ziemia Sanocka), Sanok
- Sanok County (Powiat Sanocki), Sanok: Intensive settlement occurred from the 13th to 15th centuries in an area flanked by the Wisłok, San and Wisłoka Rivers. The Vlachs primarily engaged in agriculture; moving west, they established a number of villages during the 15th century. In Sanok Land were six Jewish communities, with synagogues and kahal organizations. Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Jewish Communities were also autonomous in criminal law.[citation needed]
- Bełz Voivodeship
- Belz County, (Powiat Bełzski), Bełz
- Grabowiec County, (Powiat Grabowiecki), Grabowiec
- Horodło County, (Powiat Horodelski), Horodło
- Lubaczów County, (Powiat Lubaczowski), Lubaczów
- Busk Land, (Ziemia Buska), Busk
1772 to 1918
Red Ruthenia (except for Podolia) was conquered by the Austrian Empire in 1772 during the First Partition of Poland, remaining part of the empire until 1918.[16] Between World Wars I and II, it belonged to the Second Polish Republic. The region is currently split, with its western portion in southeastern Poland (around Rzeszów, Przemyśl, Zamość and Chełm) and its eastern portion (around Lviv) in western Ukraine.
See also
- Ruthenia
- White Ruthenia
- Black Ruthenia
- Cherven Cities
- Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
- Slovak invasion of Poland
- Stanisławów Voivodeship
- Eastern Galicia
- District of Galicia
- Lwów Voivodeship
- Ruthenian Voivodeship
Sources
- "Monumenta Poloniae Historica"
- Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z archiwum ziemskiego. Lauda sejmikowe. Tom XXIII, XXIV, XXV.
- Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego (Digital edition)
- Lustracja województwa ruskiego, podolskiego i bełskiego, 1564-1565 Warszawa, (I) edition 2001, pages 289. ISBN 83-7181-193-4
- Lustracje dóbr królewskich XVI-XVIII wieku. Lustracja województwa ruskiego 1661—1665. Część III ziemie halicka i chełmska. Polska Akademia Nauk - Instytut Historii. 1976
- Lustracje województw ruskiego, podolskiego i bełskiego 1564 - 1565, wyd. K. Chłapowski, H. Żytkowicz, cz. 1, Warszawa - Łódź 1992
- Lustracja województwa ruskiego 1661-1665, cz. 1: Ziemia przemyska i sanocka, wyd. K. Arłamowski i W. Kaput, Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków. 1970
- Aleksander Jabłonowski. Polska wieku XVI, t. VII, Ruś Czerwona, Warszawa 1901 i 1903.
References
- ISSN 2300-2875.
- Pavol Šafárik's Slovanský národopis in 1843." (Serhii Plokhy, Lost Kingdom: The Quest for Empire and the Making of the Russian Nation, New York, Hachette, p. 168.
- ISBN 978-83-7363-508-1. Archived from the original(PDF) on 27 July 2011.
- ISBN 9780802024824
- ^ "were mainly Germans, Poles, Armenians and Jews, but also Karaims, Crimean Tatars, Greeks or Wallachians [in:] "Kwartalnik historii kultury materialnej: t. 47, PAN. 1999. p. 146
- ^ Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 1992
- ^ M. H. Marunchak. The Ukrainian Canadians, 1982
- ^ Czajkowski, 1992; Parczewski, 1992; Reinfuss, 1948, 1987, 1990
- ^ Kwartalnik historii kultury materialnej: t. 47, PAN. 1999. p. 146
- ^ „Karte von Germania, Kleinpolen, Hungary, Walachai u. Siebenbuergen nebst Theilen der angraenzenden Laender“ von des „Claudii Ptolemaei geographicae enarrationis libri octo“, 1525, Strassburg
- ^ H. H. Fisher, "America and the New Poland (1928)", Read Books, 2007, p. 15
- ^ N. Davies, God's playground: a history of Poland in two volumes, Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 71, 135 [1]
- ^ Anna Beredecka, NOWE LOKACJE MIAST KRÓLEWSKICH W MAŁOPOLSCE W LATACH 1333–1370
- ^ A. Janeczek, Town and country in the Polish Commonwealth, 1350-1650, in: S. R. Epstein, Town and Country in Europe, 1300-1800, Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 164
- ^ Franciszek Kotula. Pochodzenie domów przysłupowych w Rzeszowskiem. "Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej" Jahr. V., Nr. 3/4, 1957, S. 557
- ^ K. Kocsis, E. K. Hodosi, Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin, Simon Publications, 1988, p. 84