Red star
A red star, five-pointed and filled, is a symbol that has often historically been associated with communist ideology, particularly in combination with the hammer and sickle, but is also used as a purely socialist symbol in the 21st century. It has been widely used in flags, state emblems, monuments, ornaments, and logos.
One interpretation sees the five points as representing the five fingers of the
Some former
History
The star's origins as a symbol of communist
The red star was used in communist media as early as in 1908 with the publication of the novel Red Star by Bolshevik revolutionary Alexander Bogdanov, which describes a technologically advanced communist civilization on Mars.[4]
Another claimed origin for the red star relates to an alleged encounter between
Regardless of the star's exact origin, it was incorporated into the Red Army's uniforms and heraldry as early as 1918.[6]
Shortly before the founding of the Soviet Union, in mid-March 1916 the
Use in the USSR and its constituent republics
The symbol became one of the most prominent of the
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Red Army cap badge (1918-1922)
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Red Cavalry poster depicting a red star on a budenovka hat (1920)
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Kremlin Star, Moscow (1937)
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Soviet Order of Victory, USSR (1945)
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Plate by Adamovich, Russian SFSR (1921)
As a holiday ornament
During the 1930s, Soviet publications encouraged the practice of decorating a New Year's tree, known as a yolka (Russian: Ёлка). These trees were often decorated with a red star, a practice that has continued in Russia since the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union.[9]
Gallery of the heraldry of Soviet republics
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Coat of arms of the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (1919–1920)
Gallery of Soviet flags
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Flag of the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic
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Flag of Oryol
Use in other socialist countries
Following its adoption as an emblem of the Soviet Union, the red star became a symbol for communism around the world.
Several
Eastern Bloc
The red star became a common element of the flags and heraldry of socialist states in the
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Flag of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (1971–1990)
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Flag of the Socialist Republic of Romania (1965–1989)
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Flag of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1946–1992)
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Flag of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1956)
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Coat of arms of the Socialist Republic of Romania
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Coat of arms of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (1971–1990)
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Coat of arms of the Hungarian People's Republic (1957–1990)
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Coat of arms of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania
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Coat of arms of Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1961–1989)
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Emblem of Belarus (1995–2012)
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Emblem of Belarus (2012–2020)
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Emblem of Belarus (since 2020)
Yugoslavia
In former Yugoslavia the red star served not only a communist symbol, but also as a more generic symbol of resistance against
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Flag of the Socialist Republic of Serbia and flag of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro
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Flag of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia
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Flag of the Socialist Republic of Croatia
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Flag of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Flag of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia
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Coat of arms of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
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Coat of arms of the Yugoslav Socialist Republic of Serbia
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Coat of arms of the Yugoslav Socialist Republic of Slovenia
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Coat of arms of the Yugoslav Socialist Republic of Croatia
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Coat of arms of the Yugoslav Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Coat of arms of the Yugoslav Socialist Republic of Macedonia
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Coat of arms of the Yugoslav Socialist Republic of Montenegro
Asia
As communist movements spread across Asia, some entities used a red star, while others used a yellow star (often on a red field) with the same symbolism. The
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Emblem of North Korea (1948–1993)
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Emblem of Laos (1975–1992)
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State emblem of the Mongolian People's Republic (1960–1992)
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Coat of arms of South Yemen (1970–1990)
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Flag of the People's Republic of China
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Flag of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
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Flag of the Mongolian People's Republic
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Flag of South Yemen (1967–1990)
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Flag of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1980–1987)
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Red star seen on a stamp on the qualification certificate of anFujian Province, China.
Africa
Socialist countries in Africa also incorporated the red or gold stars into their heraldry. This practice was also adopted by countries that formed following anti-colonial national liberation struggles, which often involved Marxist organizations.
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Emblem of Mozambique
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Emblem of the People's Republic of Benin
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Flag of Ethiopia (1987–1991)
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Flag of Benin (1975–1990)
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Flag of the People's Republic of the Congo (1969–1992)
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Presidential Standard of the DR Madagascar
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Emblem of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar
State military units
By March 2010, the Russian government readopted the Soviet red star (but now with a blue outline reflecting the three colors – white, blue and red – of the Russian flag) as a military insignia.[citation needed] The Russian Air Force used this star as a roundel up to 2013, when Russia re-instated the Soviet-era red star.[13]
As of 2014[update] the
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Early swastika and red star emblem of the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League, used from 1921 to 1924.
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Early taijitu and red star emblem of the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League, used from 1925 to 1942.
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Emblem of Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League.
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Soviet Military Air Force (1943–1991), Russian Military Air Force (1992–2010) and Belarusian Air Force roundel
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Russian Military Air Force roundel
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Symbol of theRepublic of Belarus
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The coat of arms of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan
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Emblem of the Chinese People's Liberation Army
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People's Republic of Yemen Air Force roundel (1967–1980)
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People's Republic of Yemen Air Force roundel (1980–1990)
By states with limited recognition
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Coat of Arms of the Luhansk People's Republic
By sports teams
Several sporting clubs from countries ruled by communist parties used the red star as a symbol and named themselves after it, such as the Serbian club
Use by socialist groups
Armed revolutionary organizations
In 1970, the Red Army Faction, a West German militant group, used a red star paired with a Heckler & Koch MP5 in their highly recognizable insignia.
In 1994, the red star was included in the flag of the armed revolutionary Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in Chiapas, Mexico.
A number of communist parties in
The
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United Freedom Forces (BÖG)
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Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)
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People's Defence Forces (HPG)
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Free Women's Units (YJA-STAR)
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Civil Protection Units (YPS)
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People's Protection Units(YPG)
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Women's Protection Units (YPJ)
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Eastern Kurdistan Units(HRK)
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People's Mujahedin of Iran(MEK)
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Flag of the Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan
Political parties and movements
The Brazilian leftist
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Symbol of Workers' Party (Brazil)
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Symbol of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela
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Symbol of the Democratic Youth Federation of India
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Symbol of the French Communist Party
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Symbol of the Communist Party of Spain
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Symbol of the Portuguese Communist Party
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Symbol of the Dutch Socialist Party
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Symbol of the Workers' Party of Belgium
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Symbol of the Slovenian party The Left
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Symbol of the Italian party Power to the People
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Symbol of the Norwegian Red Party
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Symbol of the Ecuadorian party Popular Unity
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Symbol of the Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova
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Symbol of the Abahlali baseMjondolo
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Flag of the Andalusian Nation party
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Catalan pro-independence flag Estelada Vermella
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flag of the Yemeni Socialist Party
Uses without socialist symbolism
Some red stars adopted in emblems and flags have a significance that does not originally relate to socialism. Among these, the most well-known include the current state
Crescent moon and star
The crescent moon and star was a symbol used by the Ottoman Empire. Various states with Ottoman history have thus adopted this symbol into their present-day flags.
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Emblem of Turkey
Assorted Flags and Coats of Arms
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civil war). Was the independence flag first used in 1932.
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California Lone StarFlag – 1836.
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Flag of Washington, D.C.
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Flag ofAcre State, Brazil.
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Flag of Nagasaki city.
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Flag of Birmingham, Alabama.
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Arms of Għargħur, Malta.
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Moríñigo coat of arms.
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Valais coat of arms
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Crain, Yonne coat of arms.
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Chauriat coat of arms.
Symbol of animal relief
The red star was adopted as the symbol of the
Following the War, the
]Red stars in labels and logos
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Label of a Heineken bottle
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Logo of AKO, product of the Soviet Union
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Logo of Macy's department stores
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Texaco logo, circa 1913
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Caltex logo, circa 1936
The red star was used by the Texaco oil company in various forms from 1909 to 1981.[16] Its overseas division Caltex also used the red star until 1996. Red Star Yeast was produced for a century in Milwaukee, Baltimore, and Oakland before its subsumption as a brand by Lesaffre.
A brand of
North Korea's Red Star operating system takes its name from the communist red star.
Legal status
The red star and the
The
There have been calls for an EU-wide ban on both Soviet and Nazi symbols, notably by politicians from Lithuania, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia. The European Commissioner for Justice, Franco Frattini, felt it "might not be appropriate" to include communist symbols in the context of discussions on xenophobia and anti-Semitism.[29]
In 2003, Hungarian politician Attila Vajnai was arrested, handcuffed and fined for wearing a red star on his lapel during a demonstration. He appealed his sentence to the European Court of Human Rights, which decided that the ban was a violation of the freedom of expression, calling the Hungarian ban "indiscriminate" and "too broad".[30]
In
Non five-pointed red stars
Emblems and flags where the red stars displayed are not five-pointed are much rarer. These include the following:
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Three-pointed red star in the flag of the International Brigades.
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Four-pointed red star in the flag of Aruba.
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Six-pointed red stars outlined in green in the flag of Burundi.
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Six-pointed red stars in the flag of Chicago.
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Eight-pointed red star in theNaval Ensign of Singapore.
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Emblem of Magen David Adom, the Israeli national aid society.
See also
- Five-pointed star
- Red flag (⚑)
- Hammer and sickle (☭)
- Communist symbolism
- Star and crescent
- Star of Bethlehem
- Hollywood Walk of Fame
- Red Star Belgrade
- FC Red Star Saint-Ouen
- FK Velež Mostar
- Flags of the Ottoman Empire
- Waasland-Beveren
- Pancho Villa Expedition, when American military aircraft used a red star insignia (1916–17)
- Lone Star Flag
References
- Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015
Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 2015 - ^ Okhlebkin, V.V (2006). Dictionary of international symbols and emblems. ZAO Tsentrpoligraf.
- ISBN 1-85532-608-6.
- JSTOR 40868523.
- ^ Pri La Stelo: Militista simbolo
- ^ The Russian Civil War (1): The Red Army By Mikhail Khvostov, Andrei Karachtchouk, page 37 (there are several mentions of the use of the red star from 1918)
- ^ "Historic Wings - Flight Stories - Chasing Pancho Villa". fly.historicwings.com. HW. 15 March 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
Just one day after arriving, on 16 March 1916, the first reconnaissance flight was flown by Capt. Dodd with Capt. Foulois (as an observer) on the Curtiss JN-3 S.C. No. 43. As with all of the Army's aircraft in that era, the plane carried simple markings – a red star on the tail and the large number 43 painted on the sides of the fuselage.
- ^ ""Красная Звезда" - cамая полная, достоверная и оперативная военная газета. Russian military newspaper". Archived from the original on 20 September 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
- ^ Weber, Hannah (25 December 2017). "Yolka: the story of Russia's 'New Year tree', from pagan origins to Soviet celebrations". The Calvert Journal. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
- ^ "Belarus News and Analysis | A Partisan Reality Show". www.data.minsk.by. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
统计用区划代码 城乡分类代码 名称
...
420325211201 220 红星村委会 - ^ 1997年阿克陶县行政区划 [1997 Akto County Administrative Divisions] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 31 December 2010. Archived from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
克孜勒陶乡 1966年成立克孜勒陶公社,1967年更名红星公社,1984年改设克孜勒陶乡。位于县城以南,距县城121千米。面积3882平方千米,人口0.8万,其中柯尔克孜族占99.16%,辖乌尔都隆窝孜、喀尔乌勒、塔尔开其克、托云都克、 塔木、喀普喀、其木干、阿尔帕勒克8个行政村。
- ^ Военно-воздушные силы отказались от трехцветных звезд Армия, Известия (in Russian)
- ^ Celebrating 125 years, American Humane Association
- ^ "When Disaster Strikes — Look to Red Star Animal Emergency Services" (PDF). americanhumane.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
- ^ "History of Texaco". Texaco.com. Archived from the original on 8 July 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
- ^ "RED STAR WINE 1949". REDSTARWINE. 28 April 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
- ^ "BC, Riga, 16.05.2013". The Baltic course. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
- ^ "Lithuanian ban on Soviet symbols". BBC News. 17 June 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code, Section 335: Use of Symbols of Totalitarianism" (PDF). Ministry of Interior of Hungary. p. 97. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
Any person who: a) distributes, b) uses before the public at large, or c) publicly exhibits, the swastika, the insignia of the SS, the arrow cross, the sickle and hammer, the five-pointed red star or any symbol depicting the above so as to breach public peace – specifically in a way to offend the dignity of victims of totalitarian regimes and their right to sanctity – is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by custodial arrest, insofar as they did not result in a more serious criminal offense.
- ^ "Ukraine Bans Soviet-Era Symbols", The Wall Street Journal, 9 April 2015
- ^ LAW OF UKRAINE. On the condemnation of the communist and national socialist (Nazi) regimes, and prohibition of propaganda of their symbols, archived from the original on 9 August 2015, retrieved 9 August 2015
- ^ "Про засудження комуністичного та націонал-соціалістичного (нацистського) тоталітарних режимів в Україні та заборону пропаганди їхньої символіки". Офіційний Вебпортал Парламенту України.
- ^ "Poland Imposes Strict Ban on Communist Symbols". Fox News. 27 November 2009. Archived from the original on 2 December 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2010.
- ^ ECHR judgment in case Vajnai v. Hungary
- ^ "Wearing a red star in Hungary 'is a basic human right' : Europe World". Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2008.
- ECtHR3 November 2011.
- ^ European Court considers Labour Party's red star – in Hungarian
- ^ "EU ban urged on communist symbols". BBC News. 3 February 2005. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ Curry, Andrew (24 November 2009). "Vestiges of 'Genocidal System': Poland to Ban Communist Symbols". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 14 September 2013.