Redones
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The Redones or Riedones (Gaulish: Rēdones, later Riedones, 'chariot- or horse-drivers') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the eastern part of the Brittany peninsula during the Iron age and subsequent Roman conquest of Gaul. Their capital was at Condate, the site of modern day Rennes.
In 57 BC they were subjugated by the Romans under forces led by Publius Licinius Crassus, the son of the triumvir Marcus Licinius Crassus, but they provided men to the Gallic coalition led by Vercingetorix at the Battle of Alesia in 52.[1]
Name
They are mentioned as R[h]edones by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC),[2] Rhedones (var. r[h]iedones, s[hi]edones) by Pliny (1st c. AD),[3] Rhiḗdones (‛Ριήδονες; var. ‛Ρηήδονες), Rhḗdones (Ῥήδονες) and Rhēḯdones (Ῥηΐδονες) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD),[4] and as Redonas in the Notitia Dignitatum (5th c. AD).[5][6] Their chief town is also attested on inscriptions as civ]itas Ried[onum and [civ]itas Ried[onum].[7][8][6]
The Gaulish ethnonym Rēdones means 'chariot-drivers' or 'horse-riders'. It stems from the Celtic root rēd- ('to ride, esp. a horse or horse-led chariot'; cf. Gallo-Lat. rēda 'chariot', OIr. ríad 'riding, driving, journey'; also Gallo-Lat. paraue-redus 'work-horse' and ue-rēdus 'post horse', MW. gorwydd 'horse') attached to the suffix -ones.[9][10][11]
The original Rēdones led to a form Riedones after diphthongisation.[12] Following the discovery of inscriptions featuring this variant in the 1960s, some historians, including Anne-Marie Rouanet-Liesenfelt and Louis Pape,[13][14] have argued that the form Riedones should be preferred over Redones in scholarship, which is not necessary according to linguist Pierre-Yves Lambert.[15]
The city of Rennes, attested ca. 400 AD as civitas Redonum ('civitas of the Redones'; Redonas in 400–441; Rennes in 1294) is named after the Gallic tribe.[16]
Geography
They lived on the peninsula of
Their capital was known as Condate Redonum, and was at the site of modern day Rennes.[18]
History
After the bloody fight on the
References
- ^ a b Kruta 2000, p. 790.
- ^ Caesar. Commentarii de Bello Gallico. 2:34; 7:75.
- ^ Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 4:107.
- ^ Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:8:2, 2:8:9.
- ^ Notitia Dignitatum, or 42:36.
- ^ a b Falileyev 2010, s.v. Riedones, Condate Redonum and Civitas Riedonum.
- ^ a b CIL XIII, 03151
- ^ CIL XIII, 03153
- ^ Lambert 1994, p. 34.
- ^ Delamarre 2003, p. 256.
- ^ Matasović 2009, p. 307.
- ISSN 2426-5349.
- ^ Rouanet-Liesenfelt, Chastagnol & Sanquer 1980, p. 5.
- ^ Pape 1995, p. 21; "...graphie qu’il convient d’utiliser de préférence à Redones étant donné les découvertes épigraphiques de Rennes en 1968."
- ^ Lambert 1997, p. 399: La découverte de la forme Riedones, sur une inscription de Rennes, a semblé livrer "la vraie forme" de ce nom de peuple, et plusieurs historiens ont abandonné l'usage de Redones pour Riedones ... En fait, il ne parait pas nécessaire de renoncer a la forme traditionnelle Redones, que supposait avoir un -ē- (de *reid- 'aller en char'); mais l'évolution ē > ie est tout à fait isolée, et l'on hésite à la prendre en compte (plus tard, c'est le e bref accentué qui devient -ie- en français ancien)."
- ^ Nègre 1990, p. 156.
- ^ Lorho & Monteil 2013, p. 351–352.
- ^ a b Lafond & Olshausen 2006.
- ^ Talbert 2000, Map 7: Aremorica.
Bibliography
- ISBN 9782877723695.
- Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN 978-0955718236.
- ISBN 2-221-05690-6.
- Lafond, Yves; Olshausen, Eckart (2006). "Redones". Brill's New Pauly. .
- ISBN 978-2-87772-089-2.
- S2CID 162600621.
- Lorho, Thierry; Monteil, Martial (2013). "Entre Loire et baie du mont Saint-Michel (Pays de la Loire et Bretagne, France) : modes d'occupation du littoral au Haut-Empire". In Daire, Marie-Yvane (ed.). Anciens peuplements littoraux et relations Homme/Milieu sur les côtes de l'Europe atlantique. Archaeopress. ISBN 978-1407311913.
- ISBN 9789004173361.
- ISBN 978-2-600-02883-7.
- Pape, Louis (1995). La Bretagne romaine. Ouest-France. ISBN 2-7373-0531-4.
- Rouanet-Liesenfelt, Anne-Marie; Chastagnol, André; Sanquer, René (1980). La civilisation des Riedones. Éditions Archéologie en Bretagne. ISBN 2-903399-01-8.
- ISBN 978-0691031699.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Redones". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
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