Regions of Peru
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According to the Organic Law of Regional Governments, the regions (
After several unsuccessful
Under the new arrangement, the 24
Unlike the previous system, the regional circumscriptions have an elected government and have a wide array of responsibilities within their jurisdiction. Under the 2002 Organic Law of Regional Governments (Spanish: Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales), there is an ongoing process of transfer of functions from the central government to the regions. A 2005 referendum for the merger of several departments failed to get the necessary electoral support.
Departments are subdivided into provinces and districts.
History
After declaring its independence in 1821, Peru was divided into
to eleven in 1822 and to twenty-four in 1980:
|
As political and economic power increasingly concentrated in Lima, the capital city, several administrations attempted to decentralize the country with little success.
The
Fujimori was forced to resign in November 2000 under accusations of authoritarianism, corruption, and human rights violations.
In the 2002 elections, most regional governments went to parties in opposition, with twelve going to the
- Cuzco
- Tacna
- Ica
- Pasco
- Tumbes
These proposals were rejected by the electorate of all departments involved except for Arequipa. Thus, no merger was carried out.[11]
New elections for regional governments were held on November 19, 2006; most regions went to local political movements rather than to national parties. The APRA, which had won the presidential elections held on June 4, 2006, only won in two regions, all other national parties achieved even less.[12]
Government
According to the Organic Law of Regional Governments, the responsibilities of regional governments include planning regional development, executing public investment projects, promoting economic activities, and managing public property.[13] Regional governments are composed of a president and a council, elected for a four-year term; additionally, there is a coordination council integrated by provincial mayors and representatives of the civil society.[14] The Regional President is the head of government; his functions include proposing and enforcing the budget, appointing government officials, issuing decrees and resolutions, executing regional plans and programs, and administering regional properties and rents.[15] The Regional Council debates and votes upon bills proposed by the regional president, it also oversees all regional officials and can remove the president, its vice president, and any council member from office.[16] The Regional Coordination Council has a consultancy role in planning and budget issues, and it has no executive or legislative powers.[17]
The Organic Law of Regional Governments stipulates the gradual transfer of functions from the central government to the regions, provided they are certified as capable of undertaking these tasks.
Regions
Area and population information on the following list has been retrieved from official data by the Peruvian National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, INEI).[22] Areas are rounded to the nearest whole unit. Demographic data is based on the 2023 Census carried out from 2022 to 2023. Population density is given to one decimal place in persons per square kilometer. UBIGEO numbers are codes used by INEI to identify national administrative subdivisions.
Region | ISO |
UBIGEO |
Capital | Area (km2) |
Population (2023) | Population density (/km2) |
Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amazonas
|
PE-AMA | 01 | Chachapoyas | 39,249 | 403,000 | 9.9 | |
Ancash | PE-ANC | 02 | Huaraz | 35,914 | 1,052,000 | 28.9 | |
Apurímac | PE-APU | 03 | Abancay | 20,896 | 427,000 | 20.0 | |
Arequipa | PE-ARE | 04 | Arequipa | 63,345 | 1,150,000 | 18.0 | |
Ayacucho | PE-AYA | 05 | Ayacucho | 43,815 | 634,000 | 14.1 | |
Cajamarca | PE-CAJ | 06 | Cajamarca | 33,318 | 1,370,000 | 40.8 | |
Callao
|
PE-CAL | 07 | Callao | 147 | 823,000 | 5,514.8 | |
Cusco
|
PE-CUS | 08 | Cusco | 71,986 | 1,187,000 | 16.3 | |
Huancavelica | PE-HUV | 09 | Huancavelica | 22,131 | 462,000 | 20.2 | |
Huánuco | PE-HUC | 10 | Huánuco | 36,849 | 746,000 | 19.8 | |
Ica | PE-ICA | 11 | Ica | 21,328 | 682,000 | 31.2 | |
Junín | PE-JUN | 12 | Huancayo | 37,667 | 1,105,000 | 29.0 | |
La Libertad | PE-LAL | 13 | Trujillo | 25,500 | 1,555,000 | 60.4 | |
Lambayeque | PE-LAM | 14 | Chiclayo | 14,231 | 1,099,000 | 76.7 | |
Lima | PE-LIM | 15 | Huacho | 34,802 | 879,000 | 24.9 | |
Loreto | PE-LOR | 16 | Iquitos | 368,852 | 901,000 | 2.4 | |
Madre de Dios | PE-MDD | 17 | Puerto Maldonado | 85,301 | 104,000 | 1.1 | |
Moquegua | PE-MOQ | 18 | Moquegua | 15,734 | 178,000 | 10.1 | |
Pasco | PE-PAS | 19 | Cerro de Pasco | 25,320 | 276,000 | 10.5 | |
Piura | PE-PIU | 20 | Piura | 35,892 | 1,657,000 | 45.4 | |
Puno | PE-PUN | 21 | Puno | 66,997 | 1,263,000 | 18.6 | |
San Martín | PE-SAM | 22 | Moyobamba | 51,253 | 678,000 | 13.1 | |
Tacna | PE-TAC | 23 | Tacna | 16,076 | 285,000 | 17.1 | |
Tumbes | PE-TUM | 24 | Tumbes | 4,046 | 204,000 | 47.4 | |
Ucayali | PE-UCA | 25 | Pucallpa | 101,831 | 415,000 | 4.0 |
Former departments
Department | Capital city | Established | Disestablished | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Costa
|
Huaura | 1821 | 1823 | Incorporated into Lima |
Huánuco | Tarma | 1823 | 1825 | Reorganised into Junín |
Huaylas | Tarma | 1821 | 1823 | Incorporated into Huánuco |
Litoral | Tacna | 1837 | 1857 | Reorganised into Moquegua |
Quijos & Maynas | Moyobamba | 1822 | 1825 | Incorporated into Trujillo |
Tarapacá | Iquique | 1878 | 1883 | Incorporated into Chile |
Tarma | Tarma | 1821 | 1823 | Incorporated into Huánuco |
Trujillo | Trujillo | 1821 | 1825 | Reorganised as La Libertad |
See also
- Administrative divisions of Peru
- Districts of Peru
- ISO 3166-2:PE
- Provinces of Peru
- List of regions of Peru by population
- List of Peruvian regions by GDP
- List of regions of Peru by Human Development Index
Notes
- ^ Schönwälder, Linking civil society, p. 94.
- ^ O'Neill, Decentralizing the State, p. 197.
- ^ O'Neill, Decentralizing the State, p. 199.
- ^ O'Neill, Decentralizing the State, p. 199.
- ^ Schönwälder, Linking civil society, pp. 195–196.
- ^ BBC News, "Fujimori: Decline and fall". Retrieved on December 1, 2007.
- ^ The New York Times, "Opposition Party Makes Strong Showing in Peru Election". Retrieved on December 1, 2007.
- ^ Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales, Resultados regionales Archived 2007-07-28 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on February 28, 2008.
- ^ Monge, "Los gobiernos regionales", p. 34.
- ^ Ley Nº 27783, Ley de Bases de la Descentralización, Articles Nº 29.
- ^ Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales, Referendum para la Integracion y Conformacion de Regiones 2005 Archived 2008-03-26 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on March 2, 2008.
- ^ Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales, Elecciones Regionales y Municipales 2006 Archived 2009-03-24 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on March 2, 2008.
- ^ Ley Nº 27867, Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales, Article Nº 10.
- ^ Ley Nº 27867, Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales, Article Nº 11.
- ^ Ley Nº 27867, Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales, Article Nº 21.
- ^ Ley Nº 27867, Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales, Article Nº 15.
- ^ Ley Nº 27867, Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales, Article Nº 11B.
- ^ Ley Nº 27867, Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales, Articles Nº 81, 84.
- ^ Ley Nº 27783, Ley de Bases de la Descentralización, Articles Nº 23, 24.
- ^ Decreto Supremo Nº 007-2007-PCM, Articles Nº 1, 3.
- ^ Declaración de Huánuco, Articles Nº 1, 2.
- ^ Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Banco de Información Distrital Archived 2008-04-23 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on November 30, 2007.
References
- BBC News. Fujimori: Decline and fall. November 20, 2000.
- "Declaración de Huánuco" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-10.. March 20, 2007.
- "Decreto Supremo Nº 007-2007-PCM" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-02.. January 24, 2007.
- (in Spanish) Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Banco de Información Distrital.
- "Ley Nº 27783, Ley de Bases de la Descentralización" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-11-25.. July 17, 2002.
- "Ley Nº 27867, Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-02. (305 KiB). November 16, 2002.
- (in Spanish) Monge, Carlos. "Los gobiernos regionales del periodo 2003–2006: la primera promoción que se gradúa de la descentralización". Quehacer 163: 33–36 (November–December 2006).
- (in Spanish) Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales, Elecciones Regionales y Municipales 2006.
- (in Spanish) Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales, Referendum para la Integracion y Conformacion de Regiones 2005.
- (in Spanish) Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales. Resultados regionales.
- O'Neill, Kathleen. Decentralizing the State: elections, parties, and local power in the Andes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
- Schönwälder, Gerd. Linking civil society and the State: urban popular movements, the Left and local government in Perú, 1980–1992. Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002.
- The New York Times. "Opposition Party Makes Strong Showing in Peru Election". November 18, 2002.