Reichskommissariat of Belgium and Northern France
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Reichskommissariat Belgien-Nordfrankreich | |||||||||||
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1944 | |||||||||||
Anthem: Horst-Wessel-Lied | |||||||||||
Status | Reichskommissariat of Nazi Germany | ||||||||||
Capital | Brussels | ||||||||||
Common languages | German (administration) Dutch French | ||||||||||
Government | Civil administration | ||||||||||
Reichskommissar | |||||||||||
• 1944 | Josef Grohé | ||||||||||
Historical era | World War II | ||||||||||
• Grohé appointed | 13 July 1944 | ||||||||||
• Allied liberation of Brussels | 3 September 1944 | ||||||||||
Currency | Belgian franc | ||||||||||
ISO 3166 code | BE | ||||||||||
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Today part of | Belgium France |
The Reichskommissariat of Belgium and Northern France (German: Reichskommissariat Belgien-Nordfrankreich) was a Nazi German civil administration (Zivilverwaltung) which governed most of occupied Belgium and northern parts of occupied France in the second half of 1944 during World War II.
The Reichskommissariat was established on 13 July 1944 by Hitler's "Erlaß des Führers über die Errichtung einer Zivilverwaltung in den besetzten Gebieten von Belgien und Nordfrankreich vom 13. Juli 1944".[1]
The Reichskommissariat replaced an earlier military government, the Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France, established in the same territory in 1940.[2][3]
History
Establishment
After
In spite of this uncompromising attitude at the time, it was decided that the entire area should someday be assimilated into the Third Reich
On 13 July 1944, the Gauleiter of Gau Cologne-Aachen, Josef Grohé, was named Reichskommissar of the territory, known as the Reichskommissariat Belgien und Nordfrankreich or Reichskommissariat für die besetzte Gebiete von Belgien und Nordfrankreich.[2][9] It covered the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France, as well as Belgium except for Eupen-Malmedy which were reincorporated directly into the German Reich.[citation needed]
The Wehrmacht troops in the area were commanded by Wehrmachtbefehlshaber Belgien-Nordfrankreich Martin Grase (13 July 1944 – 16 September 1944).[citation needed]
The territory was mostly liberated by the Allies in September 1944, in the aftermath of the Normandy landings, so the existence of the territory was short.[citation needed]
Plans for the future
Although most of Belgium and Northern France were no longer under
See also
- Other occupation zones of Nazi-occupied France:
- Occupied Alsace-Lorraine
- The zone interdite
- The zone occupée
- Vichy France
- Other Reichskommissariate in Western Europe:
References
- ^ a b "Reichskommissariat Belgien und Nordfrankreich". territorial.de. Retrieved 2022-10-09.
- ^ a b Rolf Jehke. "Reichskommissariat Belgien und Nordfrankreisch". Territorial.de. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
- ^ Kroener, Müller & Umbreit (2003) Germany and the Second World War V/II, p. 29
- ^ Rich, Norman: Hitler's War Aims: The Establishment of the New Order, p. 173. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1974.
- ^ Rich, Norman, p. 172.
- ^ Rich, Norman, pp. 171, 196.
- ^ Bernhard Kroener, Rolf-Dieter Müller, Hans Umbreit (2003). Germany and the Second World War: Volume V/II. Oxford University Press, p. 26 [1]
- ^ Rich, Norman, p. 195.
- ^ Kroener, Müller & Umbreit (2003) Germany and the Second World War V/II, p. 29
- ^ Lipgens, Walter. Documents on the History of European integration: Volume 1 – Continental Plans for European Integration 1939–1945, p. 45. Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1974.
- ^ Meyers, Willem C.M. (1972). "Le "Vlaamse Landsleiding"" (PDF). journalbelgianhistory.be. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ Albert de Jonghe (1970). "L'etablissement d'une administration civile en Belgique et dans le Nord de la France: La discussion finale au quartier générale du Führer, le 12 juillet 1944" (PDF). journalbelgianhistory.be. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ Meyers 1972, p. 250–251.
- ^ a b Meyers 1972, p. 251.
- ^ Meyers 1972, p. 262.
- ^ Meyers 1972, p. 249.
- ^ Meyers 1972, p. 252.
- ^ Meyers 1972, p. 261.
- ^ Meyers 1972, p. 263.
- ^ Meyers 1972, p. 265.
Further reading
- De Jonghe, Albert (1972). Hitler en het politieke lot van België, 1940-1944. De vestiging van een Zivilverwaltung in België en Noord-Frankrijk. Antwerp: Uitgeverij De Nederlandssche Boekhandel.