Reinforced carbon–carbon

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failure of C/C due to foam impact reproducing a possible event during Columbia's final launch
.

Carbon fibre reinforced carbon[n 1] (CFRC[4]), carbon–carbon (C/C[2]), or reinforced carbon–carbon (RCC) is a

brake discs and brake pads have been the standard component of the brake systems of Formula One
racing cars since the late 1970s; the first year carbon brakes were seen on a Formula One car was 1976.

Carbon–carbon is well-suited to structural applications at high temperatures, or where

Space Shuttle External Tank
.

Production

The material is made in three stages:[5]

First, material is laid up in its intended final shape, with carbon filament and/or cloth surrounded by an organic binder such as plastic or pitch. Often, coke or some other fine carbon aggregate is added to the binder mixture.

Second, the lay-up is heated, so that pyrolysis transforms the binder to relatively pure carbon. The binder loses volume in the process, causing voids to form; the addition of aggregate reduces this problem, but does not eliminate it.

Third, the voids are gradually filled by forcing a carbon-forming gas such as

heat treatment process also allows the carbon to form into larger graphite crystals, and is the major reason for the material's high cost. The gray "Reinforced Carbon–Carbon (RCC)" panels on the space shuttle's wing leading edges and nose cone cost NASA $100,000/sq ft to produce,[clarification needed] although much of this cost was a result of the advanced geometry and research costs associated with the panels. This stage can also include manufacturing of the finished product.[5]

C/C is a hard material that can be made highly resistant to thermal expansion, temperature gradients, and thermal cycling, depending on how the fibre scaffold is laid up and the quality/density of the matrix filler. Carbon–carbon materials retain their properties above 2000 °C. This temperature may be exceeded with the help of protective coatings to prevent oxidation.[6] The material has a density between 1.6 and 1.98 g/cm3.[7]

Similar products

The Dunlop carbon brakes as used on the Concorde airliner.
The brake disc of this Ferrari race car's braking system is made from carbon fibre-reinforced silicon carbide which is a CMC rather than a C/C

Carbon fibre-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) is a development of pure carbon–carbon that uses

carbon fibre. It is slightly denser than pure carbon-carbon and thought[by whom?
] to be more durable.

It can be used in the brake disc and brake pads of high-performance road cars. The first car to use it was the

R8
. The material is not used in Formula 1 because of its weight.

Carbon brakes became widely available for commercial airplanes in the 1980s,[9] having been first used on the Concorde supersonic transport.

A related non-ceramic carbon composite with uses in high-tech racing automotives is the

Pagani
.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Variously hyphenated "carbon fibre reinforced carbon",[2] "carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon",[3] or "carbon fibre-reinforced carbon";[4] while "carbon fibre" is also spelled "carbon fiber".

References

  1. ^ On the Leading Edge
  2. ^
    ISSN 0196-6219
    . Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  3. ISBN 9781461575221
    . Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  4. ^
    S2CID 26258090
    .
  5. ^ a b "Carbon Fiber Properties" (PDF). Rochester Institute of Technology EDGE (Engineering Design Guide and Environment). May 2004. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
  6. ^ Material Properties Data: Carbon–carbon
  7. S2CID 123705345
    . Retrieved 2014-06-28.
  8. ^ 2000 Mercedes-Benz CL55 AMG F1
  9. ^ Boeing: Operational Advantages of Carbon Brakes

External links

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