Religion in Latvia

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Religion in Latvia (2019 estimate)[1]

  
Catholicism (17.42%)
  Eastern Orthodoxy (13.49%)
  Other Christians (1.42%)
  None
(31.09%)
  Other (0.03%)
Riga Cathedral (Rīgas Doms) in the capital Riga was originally built in 1211.

The main religion traditionally practiced in Latvia is Christianity. As of 2019, it is the largest religion (68.84%),[1] though only about 7% of the population attends religious services regularly.[2]

Catholicism is most prevalent in eastern Latvia (Latgale), mostly due to Polish influence. The Latvian Orthodox Church is the third largest Christian church in Latvia, with adherents primarily among the Russian-speaking minority
.

History

Basilica of the Assumption of Aglona

Latvia was one of the last regions in Europe to be

Teutonic military orders fought for influence in the region in what later became known as the Northern Crusades
.

Despite the Christianization, the local populace in the countryside maintained their pagan belief system for several centuries, with pockets of paganism surviving in Latvia up until the 17th century. Along with the rest of the traditional holidays, Christmas (

Lieldienas
) in Latvia still largely retain their pagan roots.

During the

Calvinist population and individual cases of adhering to other Protestant confessions.[3][4][5]

Because of the state policy of atheism during the Soviet era and the general European trend of secularization, religiosity declined drastically, and today a growing percentage of Latvians claims not to follow any religion, with low church attendance.

Demographics

According to the Annual Report of Religious Organizations and their Activities published by the Ministry of Justice (MOJ), based on 2022 data, the largest religious groups are Lutheran (37 percent), Roman Catholic (19 percent), and Latvian Orthodox Christian (13 percent);[6] almost 30 percent of the country is unaffiliated to any religious group.

In a survey from 2015, the

Protestant, 6.1% Old Believers and 0.5% belonged to smaller Christian denominations. A further 36.7% declared to have No Religion and 0.7% declared to belong to other religions.[7]

In the same year the

Agnostics with 17.3%.[8]

The Latvian polling agency SKDS has also gathered information regarding the religious affiliation of Latvia over the years. In 2018, 26% of the population was Orthodox, 20% identified as Catholic while 17% was Lutheran, and 3% were Old Believers. 14% believed in God without being affiliated to any religion, while 15% declared themselves as atheist. A further 3% belonged to other Christian sects or religions.[9][10]

Religious affiliation (%) 1860 1897 1935[11] 2000[12] 2001[13] 2003[12] 2005[12] 2006[12] 2007[12] 2008[12] 2009[12] 2010[12] 2011[12] 2014[14][9] 2016[9] 2018[9]
Orthodox 8.9 8.6 8.9 22 18.9 25 24 26 24 24 23 23 25 25.6 25 26
Catholic 18.4 20.2 24.5 19 22.3 21 21 20 22 22 24 23 21 22.6 22 20
Lutheran 66.4 59.1 55.2 28 23.8 25 20 21 21 24 22 20 23 18.4 20 17
Old Believer 3.2 4.1 5.5 2.7 3 4 2 2 4 3 3 4 4 2 3
Judaism 3.2 7.4 4.8
Other faiths / denominations 0 0.6 1.2 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 4 3 2 2 3
Belief in God without religion - - - 10 12.8 9 11 10 10 10 10 11 9 9.7 10 14
Atheist - - - 18 17.7 12 16 14 14 11 15 16 14 16.4 17 15
Undecided - - - 3 2 3 3 6 4 2 2 0 1 2 2 3

Religion in Latvia, SKDS surveys 2000-2018

  Lutherans
  Catholics
  Eastern Orthodox
  Unaffiliated believers
  Irreligious

Religion in Latvia today

Nativity of Christ Cathedral
, the largest Orthodox cathedral in the Baltic region.
Pope Francis in Latvia, September 2018
Aerial view of the Lokstene Shrine of Dievturi

The

Latvian Russian
population.

As of 2022, the population of

Muslims in Latvia.[10] The native Latvian ethnic religion is Dievturība
.

The Reformed Church in Latvia is a small Reformed denomination with two congregations in Riga.

As of 2011, the Justice Ministry had registered 1145 congregations.

Buddhist
(4), Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) (4), and 18 other congregations. In 2003, the Government also registered the Christian Scientists as a recognized religious congregation.

In 2022 Latvia passed a law removing all influence or power over the Orthodox Church from non Latvians, which would include the Patriarch of Moscow, making the Orthodox Church of Latvia completely independent.[18]

Church membership

In 2011, churches in Latvia provided the following estimates of church membership to the Justice Ministry:[10]

Adherents Number
Lutherans 708,773
Catholics 430,000
Orthodox 370,000
Old Believer Orthodox 34,517
Baptists 6,930
Seventh-day Adventists 4,046
Pentecostals 3,268
Evangelicals 3,171
New Generation 3,020
New Apostolics 1,268
Latter-day Saints 852
Methodists 751
Dievturi 663
Augsburg Lutheran 581
Salvation Army 462
Jews 416
Muslims 319
German Lutheran 308
Jehovah's Witnesses 290
Old Apostolics 287
Buddhists 155
Reformed 145

Freedom of religion

In 2023, the country was scored 4 out of 4 for religious freedom.[19]

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Religion in Latvia.
  1. ^ a b "Ziņojums par Tieslietu ministrijā iesniegtajiem reliģisko organizāciju pārskatiem par darbību 2019.gadā" (in Latvian). 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  2. ^ Eunice K. Y. Or (23 September 2004). "Trust in Religious Institutions does not convey to Church Attendance". Christian Today. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
  3. ^ Encyclopedia of Global Religion by Mark Juergensmeyer, Wade Clark Roof; page 111.
  4. ^ State Responses to Minority Religions by Dr David M Kirkham, p.
  5. ^ Atlas of Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century by Richard Crampton, Benjamin Crampton; p. 90; "Inter-war Latvia: Religious composition"
  6. ^ "US State Dept 2022 report on Latvia".
  7. ^ "Country specific religious affiliation or denomination: Latvia - weighted". International Social Survey Programme: Work Orientations IV - ISSP 2015. 2015 – via GESIS.
  8. ^ "DISCRIMINATION IN THE EU IN 2015", Special Eurobarometer, 437, European Union: European Commission, 2015, retrieved 15 October 2017 – via GESIS
  9. ^ a b c d Kaktiņš, Arnis (2018-09-24). "Lūk, kā izskatās Latvijas iedzīvotāju reliģiskās un konfesionālās piederības pēdējās 3 aptaujās, kur tas ir ticis prasīts. Kā redzams, tad par katoļiem sevi patlaban uzskata ~ 20% iedzīvotāju. Pareizticīgo ir vairāk: ~ 26%, bet luterāņu mazāk: ~ 17%.pic.twitter.com/hM5kHIxeXZ". @ArnisKaktins (in Latvian). Archived from the original on 2019-06-20. Retrieved 2019-06-20.
  10. ^ a b c d e f "Tieslietu ministrijā iesniegtie reliģisko organizāciju pārskati par darbību 2011. gadā" (in Latvian). Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
  11. ^ Ceturtā tautas skaitīšana Latvijā. 1935. gadā. Valsts statistiskā pārvalde. 1936.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Religion in Latvia (2000-2011)" (PDF). Latvian Centre for Human Rights. 2016.
  13. ^ LETA (2001-07-10). "Latvijā it tikpat daudz katoļu, cik luterāņu". delfi.lv (in Latvian). Retrieved 2019-06-20.
  14. ^ "Visvairāk - pareizticīgo". la.lv. 2014.
  15. ^ Reliģiju Enciklopēdija, Statistika (in Latvian). Accessed 2009-07-23.
  16. ^ Ščerbinskis, Valters (1999). "Eastern Minorities". The Latvian Institute.
  17. ^ "US State Dept 2022 report on Latvia".
  18. ^ "Orthodox Church of Latvia seceded from Moscow – It was a matter of national security, says the President". 10 September 2022.
  19. ^ Freedom House website, retrieved 2023-08-08

Further reading

  • Stradiņš J (1996). "Martin Luther and the Impact of the Reformation on the History of Latvia. - Dialogue between Christianity and Secularism in Latvia". Annals of European Academy of Sciences and Arts. 15 (VI): 75.
  • Klīve V (1993). "The Latvian Struggle for Survival: A Religious Perspective". Humanities and Social Sciences. Latvia (1): 51–52.
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